Use evidence to support arguments that changing any physical or biological component of an ecosystem may result in shifts in the populations of species in the ecosystem.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including environment, ecosystem, population, community, habitat. It explains that living parts of an ecosystem depend on non-living parts like water, air, sunlight and on other living parts for food. It provides examples of coastal redwood trees and foxes/rabbits to illustrate these relationships. It describes how a habitat must provide everything a plant or animal needs, using the example of a sidewinder snake in the desert. It defines a population as a group of the same species that live together, and a community as all living things that share a place. Finally, it explains how ecosystems can change over time, such as due to increased rain or a fire altering plant and animal populations
An ecosystem consists of all the living and non-living things in an area and their interactions. It includes biotic factors like plants, animals and other organisms, as well as abiotic factors such as soil, water and weather. Individuals make up populations of the same species, and all the populations that live in a given area together form the biological community. Ecosystems can range in size from small areas under rocks to large regions like forests.
Plants and animals depend on each other to survive in an ecosystem. They are biotic factors that interact through providing food and shelter. Animals also affect plants through behaviors like eating some plants, fertilizing soil, and burrowing. Abiotic factors like sunlight, water, soil conditions and climate also impact ecosystems by influencing what plants can grow and whether animals have resources to live. Ecosystems vary based on location and climate, with different communities in places like rainforests, deserts, deciduous forests, savannas, taigas and tundras.
Factors that shape an environment. Abiotic and Biotic, organisms niche, interactions between species in communities, succession (primary and secondary).
The document summarizes the major components of ecosystems, including abiotic and biotic factors. It discusses two major abiotic components - climatic factors like temperature, precipitation, and wind, and edaphic factors concerning soil properties. It also describes the major biotic components - producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants capture energy through photosynthesis while consumers feed on producers or each other. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and release nutrients.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and their client fish demonstrating mutualism.
The document summarizes the key components of an ecosystem. It describes abiotic components as non-living physical and chemical factors like air, water, soil, and basic elements. Biotic components are the living parts, including populations of animals, plants, and microbes. It outlines the relationships between these groups, with autotrophs (producers) converting inorganic materials to organic materials through photosynthesis, heterotrophs (consumers) feeding on autotrophs or other organisms, and saprotrophs (decomposers) breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients.
This document introduces the concepts of ecology, ecosystems, biotic and abiotic factors. It defines ecology as the study of relationships between living and non-living things in environments. An ecosystem includes all biotic factors such as plants, animals and microbes as well as abiotic factors like air, water and soil. Biotic factors interact with each other and abiotic factors in complex ways. The document also discusses biomes as large regional communities defined by climate and plant life, and provides examples of biomes and ecosystems.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including environment, ecosystem, population, community, habitat. It explains that living parts of an ecosystem depend on non-living parts like water, air, sunlight and on other living parts for food. It provides examples of coastal redwood trees and foxes/rabbits to illustrate these relationships. It describes how a habitat must provide everything a plant or animal needs, using the example of a sidewinder snake in the desert. It defines a population as a group of the same species that live together, and a community as all living things that share a place. Finally, it explains how ecosystems can change over time, such as due to increased rain or a fire altering plant and animal populations
An ecosystem consists of all the living and non-living things in an area and their interactions. It includes biotic factors like plants, animals and other organisms, as well as abiotic factors such as soil, water and weather. Individuals make up populations of the same species, and all the populations that live in a given area together form the biological community. Ecosystems can range in size from small areas under rocks to large regions like forests.
Plants and animals depend on each other to survive in an ecosystem. They are biotic factors that interact through providing food and shelter. Animals also affect plants through behaviors like eating some plants, fertilizing soil, and burrowing. Abiotic factors like sunlight, water, soil conditions and climate also impact ecosystems by influencing what plants can grow and whether animals have resources to live. Ecosystems vary based on location and climate, with different communities in places like rainforests, deserts, deciduous forests, savannas, taigas and tundras.
Factors that shape an environment. Abiotic and Biotic, organisms niche, interactions between species in communities, succession (primary and secondary).
The document summarizes the major components of ecosystems, including abiotic and biotic factors. It discusses two major abiotic components - climatic factors like temperature, precipitation, and wind, and edaphic factors concerning soil properties. It also describes the major biotic components - producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like plants capture energy through photosynthesis while consumers feed on producers or each other. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and release nutrients.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology, including:
- Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors that interact in complex ways. Nutrients cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers.
- Ecological pyramids illustrate the transfer of energy and biomass between trophic levels in an ecosystem, with higher levels containing fewer and smaller organisms due to energy losses between levels.
- Symbiotic relationships between species include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, with examples like cleaner fish and their client fish demonstrating mutualism.
The document summarizes the key components of an ecosystem. It describes abiotic components as non-living physical and chemical factors like air, water, soil, and basic elements. Biotic components are the living parts, including populations of animals, plants, and microbes. It outlines the relationships between these groups, with autotrophs (producers) converting inorganic materials to organic materials through photosynthesis, heterotrophs (consumers) feeding on autotrophs or other organisms, and saprotrophs (decomposers) breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients.
This document introduces the concepts of ecology, ecosystems, biotic and abiotic factors. It defines ecology as the study of relationships between living and non-living things in environments. An ecosystem includes all biotic factors such as plants, animals and microbes as well as abiotic factors like air, water and soil. Biotic factors interact with each other and abiotic factors in complex ways. The document also discusses biomes as large regional communities defined by climate and plant life, and provides examples of biomes and ecosystems.
Ecosystems consist of interacting biotic and abiotic factors. Organisms rely on abiotic factors like temperature, water, and soil composition as well as biotic factors such as food sources and other species. Competition occurs when multiple individuals or populations rely on limited resources within the same niche. A limiting factor is any biotic or abiotic resource that, if depleted, prevents an organism or population from growing.
Urbanization has negatively impacted the diversity and health of organisms in Reservoir Creek. Upstream areas near residential development had higher temperatures, turbidity, and pollution compared to downstream areas with less development. Upstream sites contained only pollution-tolerant species like worms and midges, while downstream sites contained more sensitive species like mayflies and dragonflies. The changes in abiotic factors from urbanization, such as increased runoff, have disrupted the ecosystem by reducing suitable habitat and food sources for sensitive species. This loss of diversity upstream could impact the whole ecosystem if not addressed.
The document defines an ecosystem as all living organisms in a region and their physical and chemical environment. It discusses biotic factors as living things and their remains/features, and abiotic factors as non-living components like rocks, oxygen, and water. Biotic and abiotic influences, like availability of resources, temperature, and interactions between species, impact populations and determine an ecosystem's carrying capacity, or maximum sustainable population size.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in community ecology and ecosystems, including:
- Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems and nutrient cycling.
- Different types of ecological relationships like symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
- Trophic levels and how energy and nutrients flow through food chains and webs.
- Ecological pyramids which illustrate the number, biomass, and energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
The document discusses the elements of ecosystems in three types of forests: Mediterranean forests, Atlantic forests, and forests of the Canary Islands. It examines the biotope, biocenosis, and interactions for each forest ecosystem. It also provides information on the ecosphere and biosphere, defining the ecosphere as the area around a star suitable for life and noting Earth and Mars comprise our solar system's ecosphere, and the biosphere as all living things on Earth inhabiting the troposphere, hydrosphere, and upper geosphere.
This document discusses the components and interactions within ecosystems. It defines an ecosystem and identifies its two main components as abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) organisms. The biotic components are classified into producers, consumers, and decomposers. Their interactions through food chains, food webs, and symbiosis are explained. Competition between organisms and predator-prey relationships are also covered.
The two components of an ecosystem are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Biotic factors include plants, animals, fungi, protists and bacteria. Abiotic factors include minerals, sunlight, air, climate and soil. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. Biotic factors such as plants and animals have different ecological roles as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Interactions within species are intraspecific, while those between species are interspecific.
Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It involves interactions between organisms and both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Ecology can be studied at different levels of complexity, from the individual organism to the biosphere. Populations are dynamic groups of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. Population size and composition can change over time due to factors such as birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and population density.
Ecology studies the relationships between organisms and their environment. It has several levels of organization:
- Organism: individual living thing
- Population: all individuals of the same species in an area
- Community: all populations that live together in an area
- Ecosystem: the community plus physical factors like climate
- Biome: a large area defined by climate and characteristic plant and animal species
- Biosphere: the part of Earth that supports life
Biotic factors include living things like plants and animals. Abiotic factors include non-living things like climate, soil, and sunlight. Ecology is studied through observation, experimentation, and modeling relationships.
This document provides an introduction to the topic of ecological equilibrium. It defines key terms like ecosystem, biotic and abiotic factors, habitat, niche, and ecology. It discusses the main divisions of ecology and objectives of studying ecology, which include understanding dynamics of surroundings and conserving the environment. The three pillars of sustainability - economic, social, and environmental development - are explained. The concepts of ecological balance, balance of nature, and ecosystem stability are introduced. Finally, issues affecting ecological equilibrium like climatic, topographic, edaphic, biotic factors and limiting factors are outlined.
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer. Key concepts in ecology include interactions within and among populations, nutrient cycling through ecosystems, and effects of natural and human activities. Ecosystems consist of biotic communities of interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and abiotic factors with which they interact. Energy and matter cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers in food webs and nutrient cycles. Toxins can biologically magnify and increase in concentration as they move up food chains.
An ecosystem is defined as the interaction between living and nonliving parts of an environment. Living things like plants and animals depend on nonliving elements like sunlight, air, water and soil to survive. Changes to one part of an ecosystem can impact other parts, such as a hurricane damaging fruit trees and reducing the food source for monkey populations.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology including:
1. It defines environment, ecology, and ecosystem - describing the interactions between organisms and their physical surroundings.
2. It outlines several ecological cycles and relationships such as food chains, competition, and natural cycles like hibernation.
3. It examines threats to wildlife including intentional killing, deforestation, desertification, wetland destruction, pollution, invasive species, and accidental killing.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in ecology, including biomes, ecological niches, succession, energy and biomass pyramids, and nutrient cycles. It defines ecology as the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. It also describes the main biomes like tundra, taiga, grasslands, and rainforests. Primary and secondary succession are discussed as ways communities develop over time.
This document discusses the levels of organization in ecology from smallest to largest: organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere. It defines each level and provides examples. Ecologists study interactions between organisms and their environments at each level of organization. Both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors influence where and how organisms live within their particular niches in a community or habitat.
The document discusses various topics related to ecosystems and the environment. It defines an ecosystem as consisting of a biotope (non-living components) and biocenosis (living components). It describes different types of ecosystems such as terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It discusses biotic factors like biotic relations and trophic levels, and how energy and matter cycle through ecosystems.
Principles pertaining to limiting factors and ecological assessmentJean Miong
1. Liebig's law of the minimum and Shelford's law of tolerance discuss how various limiting factors determine the growth, distribution, and abundance of organisms. Liebig's law states that plant growth is dependent on the scarcest resource, while Shelford's law discusses how the range of environmental factors a species can tolerate limits its presence.
2. Key limiting factors include temperature, light, water, atmospheric gases, biogenic salts, and currents/pressures. Temperature, in particular, restricts organisms to narrow ranges and aquatic organisms have less tolerance than land animals. Light intensity and quality also impact plants and animals. Water availability, in the form of rainfall distribution and humidity, further limits distributions.
3
When an ecosystem is disturbed through natural or human causes, it undergoes ecological succession over time as species populations change. Succession can be primary on new lands or secondary in previously inhabited areas. In secondary succession, smaller pioneer species arrive first, followed by larger species that feed on them as habitat changes. Eventually a climax community develops if the ecosystem remains undisturbed. Human activities like pollution and overharvesting of resources can disrupt succession and damage ecosystems. A sustainable approach preserves biodiversity, habitats, and uses resources renewably so they are available for future generations.
The document discusses the key components and dynamics of ecosystems. It describes how ecosystems have interacting abiotic and biotic factors that are connected by energy, nutrients, and minerals. Energy flows in one direction through ecosystems from the sun to producers to consumers, while nutrients and minerals circulate and recirculate between factors. The main dynamics of ecosystems include energy flow, primary and secondary production through food chains and webs, trophic levels, and biogeochemical cycles.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including ecosystem, abiotic and biotic factors, population, community, ecology, habitat, and niche. It explains that an ecosystem includes all living and non-living things in an area. Abiotic factors are non-living parts like water, soil, climate and sunlight that living things need to survive, while biotic factors are the living parts like plants, animals, fungi, protists and bacteria that all have important roles in the ecosystem.
Ecosystems consist of interacting biotic and abiotic factors. Organisms rely on abiotic factors like temperature, water, and soil composition as well as biotic factors such as food sources and other species. Competition occurs when multiple individuals or populations rely on limited resources within the same niche. A limiting factor is any biotic or abiotic resource that, if depleted, prevents an organism or population from growing.
Urbanization has negatively impacted the diversity and health of organisms in Reservoir Creek. Upstream areas near residential development had higher temperatures, turbidity, and pollution compared to downstream areas with less development. Upstream sites contained only pollution-tolerant species like worms and midges, while downstream sites contained more sensitive species like mayflies and dragonflies. The changes in abiotic factors from urbanization, such as increased runoff, have disrupted the ecosystem by reducing suitable habitat and food sources for sensitive species. This loss of diversity upstream could impact the whole ecosystem if not addressed.
The document defines an ecosystem as all living organisms in a region and their physical and chemical environment. It discusses biotic factors as living things and their remains/features, and abiotic factors as non-living components like rocks, oxygen, and water. Biotic and abiotic influences, like availability of resources, temperature, and interactions between species, impact populations and determine an ecosystem's carrying capacity, or maximum sustainable population size.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in community ecology and ecosystems, including:
- Interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystems and nutrient cycling.
- Different types of ecological relationships like symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
- Trophic levels and how energy and nutrients flow through food chains and webs.
- Ecological pyramids which illustrate the number, biomass, and energy at each trophic level in an ecosystem.
The document discusses the elements of ecosystems in three types of forests: Mediterranean forests, Atlantic forests, and forests of the Canary Islands. It examines the biotope, biocenosis, and interactions for each forest ecosystem. It also provides information on the ecosphere and biosphere, defining the ecosphere as the area around a star suitable for life and noting Earth and Mars comprise our solar system's ecosphere, and the biosphere as all living things on Earth inhabiting the troposphere, hydrosphere, and upper geosphere.
This document discusses the components and interactions within ecosystems. It defines an ecosystem and identifies its two main components as abiotic (non-living) factors like climate and biotic (living) organisms. The biotic components are classified into producers, consumers, and decomposers. Their interactions through food chains, food webs, and symbiosis are explained. Competition between organisms and predator-prey relationships are also covered.
The two components of an ecosystem are biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Biotic factors include plants, animals, fungi, protists and bacteria. Abiotic factors include minerals, sunlight, air, climate and soil. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their non-living environment. Biotic factors such as plants and animals have different ecological roles as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Interactions within species are intraspecific, while those between species are interspecific.
Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment. It involves interactions between organisms and both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Ecology can be studied at different levels of complexity, from the individual organism to the biosphere. Populations are dynamic groups of organisms of the same species that live in the same area. Population size and composition can change over time due to factors such as birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and population density.
Ecology studies the relationships between organisms and their environment. It has several levels of organization:
- Organism: individual living thing
- Population: all individuals of the same species in an area
- Community: all populations that live together in an area
- Ecosystem: the community plus physical factors like climate
- Biome: a large area defined by climate and characteristic plant and animal species
- Biosphere: the part of Earth that supports life
Biotic factors include living things like plants and animals. Abiotic factors include non-living things like climate, soil, and sunlight. Ecology is studied through observation, experimentation, and modeling relationships.
This document provides an introduction to the topic of ecological equilibrium. It defines key terms like ecosystem, biotic and abiotic factors, habitat, niche, and ecology. It discusses the main divisions of ecology and objectives of studying ecology, which include understanding dynamics of surroundings and conserving the environment. The three pillars of sustainability - economic, social, and environmental development - are explained. The concepts of ecological balance, balance of nature, and ecosystem stability are introduced. Finally, issues affecting ecological equilibrium like climatic, topographic, edaphic, biotic factors and limiting factors are outlined.
Ecology is the scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environments, focusing on energy transfer. Key concepts in ecology include interactions within and among populations, nutrient cycling through ecosystems, and effects of natural and human activities. Ecosystems consist of biotic communities of interacting populations that inhabit a common environment and abiotic factors with which they interact. Energy and matter cycle through ecosystems via producers, consumers, and decomposers in food webs and nutrient cycles. Toxins can biologically magnify and increase in concentration as they move up food chains.
An ecosystem is defined as the interaction between living and nonliving parts of an environment. Living things like plants and animals depend on nonliving elements like sunlight, air, water and soil to survive. Changes to one part of an ecosystem can impact other parts, such as a hurricane damaging fruit trees and reducing the food source for monkey populations.
This document discusses key concepts in ecology including:
1. It defines environment, ecology, and ecosystem - describing the interactions between organisms and their physical surroundings.
2. It outlines several ecological cycles and relationships such as food chains, competition, and natural cycles like hibernation.
3. It examines threats to wildlife including intentional killing, deforestation, desertification, wetland destruction, pollution, invasive species, and accidental killing.
This document provides an introduction to key concepts in ecology, including biomes, ecological niches, succession, energy and biomass pyramids, and nutrient cycles. It defines ecology as the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment. It also describes the main biomes like tundra, taiga, grasslands, and rainforests. Primary and secondary succession are discussed as ways communities develop over time.
This document discusses the levels of organization in ecology from smallest to largest: organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere. It defines each level and provides examples. Ecologists study interactions between organisms and their environments at each level of organization. Both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors influence where and how organisms live within their particular niches in a community or habitat.
The document discusses various topics related to ecosystems and the environment. It defines an ecosystem as consisting of a biotope (non-living components) and biocenosis (living components). It describes different types of ecosystems such as terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. It discusses biotic factors like biotic relations and trophic levels, and how energy and matter cycle through ecosystems.
Principles pertaining to limiting factors and ecological assessmentJean Miong
1. Liebig's law of the minimum and Shelford's law of tolerance discuss how various limiting factors determine the growth, distribution, and abundance of organisms. Liebig's law states that plant growth is dependent on the scarcest resource, while Shelford's law discusses how the range of environmental factors a species can tolerate limits its presence.
2. Key limiting factors include temperature, light, water, atmospheric gases, biogenic salts, and currents/pressures. Temperature, in particular, restricts organisms to narrow ranges and aquatic organisms have less tolerance than land animals. Light intensity and quality also impact plants and animals. Water availability, in the form of rainfall distribution and humidity, further limits distributions.
3
When an ecosystem is disturbed through natural or human causes, it undergoes ecological succession over time as species populations change. Succession can be primary on new lands or secondary in previously inhabited areas. In secondary succession, smaller pioneer species arrive first, followed by larger species that feed on them as habitat changes. Eventually a climax community develops if the ecosystem remains undisturbed. Human activities like pollution and overharvesting of resources can disrupt succession and damage ecosystems. A sustainable approach preserves biodiversity, habitats, and uses resources renewably so they are available for future generations.
The document discusses the key components and dynamics of ecosystems. It describes how ecosystems have interacting abiotic and biotic factors that are connected by energy, nutrients, and minerals. Energy flows in one direction through ecosystems from the sun to producers to consumers, while nutrients and minerals circulate and recirculate between factors. The main dynamics of ecosystems include energy flow, primary and secondary production through food chains and webs, trophic levels, and biogeochemical cycles.
The document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including ecosystem, abiotic and biotic factors, population, community, ecology, habitat, and niche. It explains that an ecosystem includes all living and non-living things in an area. Abiotic factors are non-living parts like water, soil, climate and sunlight that living things need to survive, while biotic factors are the living parts like plants, animals, fungi, protists and bacteria that all have important roles in the ecosystem.
There are 6 main ecosystems: ocean, desert, tundra, forest, grasslands, and wetlands. The ocean covers 72% of the Earth's surface and contains deep sea and kelp forest areas. Deserts cover over 1/5 of the Earth and have little rain, making them extremely hot in summer and warm otherwise. Tundras are located in the northernmost parts of the Earth and are cold, vast, and treeless. Forests include tropical and temperate rainforests found near the equator and coastal areas. Grasslands have different types depending on rainfall and grass height. Wetlands include marshes, swamps, and peatlands with varying amounts of open water, vegetation, and soil
The document discusses different types of ecosystems. It describes three major classes of ecosystems: freshwater, terrestrial, and oceanic. Within terrestrial ecosystems, it outlines seven major biome types defined by factors like latitude, precipitation, and temperature. These biome types include tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, temperate grasslands, deciduous forests, coniferous forests, and tundra. It also briefly outlines three ocean ecosystem types.
The document summarizes and compares two ecosystems in Puerto Rico: Bosque Seco de Guánica and El Yunque National Forest. It describes the different forest areas within each ecosystem, including the types of trees and canopy layers. It also discusses the differences in rainfall, soil composition, and how each ecosystem has adapted. Finally, it provides details on some of the unique flora and fauna found in each forest and some environmental problems currently facing them.
Unit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connectedwja10255
The document discusses the key components and levels of organization in ecosystems studied by ecologists. It defines habitat, biotic factors (living things), abiotic factors (non-living things) as components of ecosystems. It also explains that biotic and abiotic factors influence each other. Finally, it outlines the levels of life studied, from organism to population to community to ecosystem to biome.
This document provides an overview of ecosystems and the relationships between living and non-living components. It defines an ecosystem as including all the organisms and non-living factors in an area interacting as a functional unit. It describes different ecosystem types and sizes, from small piles of leaves to the entire biosphere. Key abiotic factors that determine what organisms can survive in an ecosystem, like soil, temperature, water, and sunlight, are also outlined. Relationships within ecosystems, like populations of the same species and communities of interacting populations, are examined.
El documento describe la importancia de enseñar valores como el respeto a los niños en edad preescolar para ayudarlos a desarrollarse como personas integras y con principios morales. Explica que los valores nos permiten vivir en comunidad de manera sana y sugiere actividades como ver videos, colorear, recortar y pegar, cantar y charlas para enseñar valores a los niños.
This lesson plan provides guidance for Global Leaders (GLs) on how to handle situations involving conflicting cultural values through open discussion and use of a decision-making tool. The 60-minute lesson involves framing the topic, exploring examples of values conflicts, introducing a conflict resolution tool, practicing with scenarios, and discussing decisions. The tool helps GLs systematically consider stakeholder perspectives and impacts when determining an action plan. The goal is for GLs to have an intentional process for making culturally mindful decisions around conflicting values on their programs.
The document discusses the major Greek and Roman gods and goddesses, including Zeus, Hera, Apollo, Artemis, Athena, and Aphrodite. It notes their associations, symbols, and Roman names. Greek and Roman mythology helped early civilizations explain natural phenomena and human experiences. Mythology also influenced later cultures through its use in literature, art, and architecture.
The document provides summaries of several important Greek and Roman gods. It describes Zeus/Jupiter as the king of the gods who had magical powers like shape shifting and throwing lightning bolts. It also summarizes Hera/Juno as Zeus' sister and wife who was the goddess of marriage. Additionally, it summarizes Poseidon/Neptune as the god of the sea who was happy with his domain and not jealous of his brothers Zeus and Hades.
This lesson plan introduces the topic of violence to 11th grade students. It has three main activities: 1) Students will classify pictures as depicting violent or non-violent situations and describe the types of violence shown. 2) Students will read texts about violence and answer comprehension questions. 3) Students will summarize the texts and share their answers, discussing their results as a class. The goal is for students to better understand and reflect on the topic of violence.
The document discusses energy flow through ecosystems. It defines producers as organisms that can produce their own food through photosynthesis, such as plants and algae. Consumers are organisms that cannot produce their own food and obtain energy by eating other organisms. There are three types of consumers: primary consumers that eat producers, secondary consumers that eat primary consumers, and tertiary consumers that eat secondary consumers. Decomposers, such as fungi and bacteria, obtain energy by breaking down dead organisms and recycling nutrients.
The document summarizes energy flow through ecosystems. It states that nearly all energy originates from the sun and is absorbed by producers through photosynthesis, converting it to chemical energy stored in sugars. Consumers obtain this stored chemical energy by eating producers and breaking down sugars through cellular respiration. Producers and consumers both perform cellular respiration to release energy for functions, with producers uniquely using photosynthesis to capture solar energy.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of sugar. It occurs in two stages: in stage one, chloroplasts in plant cells capture sunlight and use its energy to power stage two, where carbon dioxide and water are converted into oxygen and glucose using an enzyme-driven process. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy by breaking down glucose molecules in the presence of oxygen. It also occurs in two stages: in stage one, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules in the cytoplasm, and in stage two these molecules are further broken down in the mitochondria to release energy, carbon dioxide and water.
Classifying animals according to the food they eatJason Duria
This lesson plan classifies animals into three categories based on their diets: herbivores that eat plants, carnivores that eat other animals, and omnivores that eat both plants and other animals. It asks students to identify examples of bears, cows, goats, tigers, lions, and humans as belonging to these categories, and to consider whether herbivores can eat the same foods as carnivores and why or why not.
The document provides instructions for several greeting activities that can be used during morning meeting to help build community in the classroom. Some of the greeting activities described include having students greet each other using gestures or motions that start with the same letter as their name, passing around bean bags while calling out names, silently greeting with eye contact and smiles, and greeting across the circle with enthusiastic "ta da!" responses on either side. The document aims to offer teachers different options for engaging and interactive greetings to start the school day.
This document discusses ecosystems and their components. It defines an ecosystem as all the organisms in a region interacting with each other and their environment. Examples of ecosystems provided include rainforests, deserts, boreal forests, tundra, sea floors, and ponds. Ecosystems contain biotic factors like organisms and biotic factors like abiotic environmental elements. Smaller levels of organization within ecosystems include organisms, populations, communities, and finally the ecosystem itself. Specific ecosystems and their defining biotic and abiotic characteristics are examined, like the boreal forest and beaver ponds. The document concludes with a discussion of sustainability and how humans can impact ecosystems.
Colección de rompecabezas recortables muy sencillos para para trabajar con niños.
Beneficios de armar rompecabezas:
Desarrollar en los niños su capacidad de aprender, entender y organizar las formas espaciales.
El desarrollo de sus capacidades para resolver problemas.
Ejercitar la memoria visual.
Además estimula la observación, concentración, atención, y tolerancia entre muchas más.
Photosynthesis involves two main stages - the light reactions where light energy is converted to chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH, and the Calvin cycle where carbon dioxide and this chemical energy are used to produce sugars like glucose. It is the most important chemical reaction on Earth because it provides the primary source of energy for nearly all living things through oxygen production and by forming organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight.
An ecosystem is defined as the interaction between living and nonliving things in an environment. Ecosystems exist everywhere and range in size from small backyard gardens to large savannas. All organisms in an ecosystem are interdependent and disruptions can be disastrous, as they upset the natural balance. Foreign invaders can also disrupt ecosystems by competing with native species.
An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. All the living and nonliving things in an ecosystem are interdependent and work together to form a functional unit. Ecosystems exist at all scales, from small backyard gardens to large biomes like the African savanna. When a new organism is introduced or a disruption like a fire or storm occurs, it can destabilize the ecosystem by disrupting existing relationships between organisms.
An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. All components of an ecosystem, whether living or non-living, work together and are interdependent. Ecosystems can vary in size from small, such as a backyard garden, to very large, like the savanna. Disruptions such as natural disasters, foreign invaders, or new species can upset the balance of an ecosystem and potentially cause harm.
An ecosystem consists of all the living and nonliving components in an environment and the interactions between them. It includes biotic factors like producers, consumers, and decomposers as well as abiotic factors such as water, sunlight, and temperature. Producers like plants obtain energy through photosynthesis while consumers obtain energy by consuming other organisms. Decomposers play an important role by breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients.
An ecosystem includes all living and non-living things in a defined area that interact with each other. It describes the complex web of interactions between organisms and their environment. Each organism has a role, and the ecosystem as a whole determines the health of the biosphere. When a new organism or factor is introduced, it can disrupt this natural balance and potentially harm the ecosystem. Ecosystems face many threats including habitat destruction from human activities, pollution, overharvesting of resources, and increased UV radiation from ozone depletion. These threats can destroy ecosystems by altering the delicate balance of interactions.
Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. It examines these connections across different levels of organization, from organisms and populations up to ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere. Ecosystems consist of biotic and abiotic factors interacting within a defined area. Energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems via food chains, food webs, and other pathways. Climate and other environmental factors help determine the different biomes found around the world such as deserts and forests.
This document provides an introduction to ecology, defining key terms like organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome, and ecological niche. It discusses how ecologists study relationships between biotic factors (living things like plants and animals) and abiotic factors (non-living things like sunlight, temperature, soil) within ecosystems. Removal or addition of a single factor can impact the entire ecosystem, with some species playing an outsized role like a "keystone."
Austin Anthropology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publish articles covering all areas of Anthropology.
Austin Anthropology follows open access policies and published articles are provided to the readers without collecting any charges. Journal provides a platform for mutual exchange of ideas and views covering wide areas of Anthropology.
Austin Publishing Group brings universally peer reviewed journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, mutual promotion of multidisciplinary science.
1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in ecology including definitions of ecology, environment, biotic and abiotic factors, levels of biological organization, niche, adaptation, species, populations, communities, ecosystems, producers, consumers, trophic levels, food chains, food webs, ecological pyramids, biotic interactions, symbiosis, biomes, and ecological succession.
2. Key terms are defined such as ecology, environment, producers, consumers, trophic levels, competition, predation, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, biome, primary succession and secondary succession.
3. Examples are provided to illustrate various ecological concepts and interactions between organisms.
A balanced ecosystem is one where all living and nonliving things interact successfully. When species diversity is reduced, it can negatively impact the ecosystem's ability to sustain remaining species and perform important functions. Loss of biodiversity threatens the healthy functioning of ecosystems.
No, the evolution of thicker fur in rabbits in response to a colder climate is an example of natural selection, not coevolution. Coevolution requires adaptations occurring in two or more species that interact and evolve in response to each other over a long period of time. The rabbits evolving on their own in response to the abiotic environment is a case of natural selection.
Environmental Science Table of Contents 37 L.docxYASHU40
Environmental Science Table of Contents
37
Lab 3
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Concepts to Explore
• Biodiversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
• Natural selection
• Extinction
Introduction
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and
populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of
genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment. Biodiversity is not evenly distrib-
uted across the globe; rather, it varies greatly and even varies within regions. It is partially ruled by climate,
whereas tropical regions can support more species than a polar climate. In whole, biodiversity represents
variation within three levels:
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
It should be noted that diversity at one of these levels may
not correspond with diversity within other levels. The degree
of biodiversity, and thus the health of an ecosystem, is im-
pacted when any part of that ecosystem becomes endan-
gered or extinct.
The term species refers to a group of similar organisms that
reproduce among themselves. Species diversity refers to
the variation within and between populations of species, as
well as between different species. Sexual reproduction criti-
cally contributes to the variation within species. For exam-
ple, a pea plant that is cross-fertilized with another pea plant
can produce offspring with four different looks! This genetic
mixing creates the diversity seen today.
Figure 1: There are more than 32,000 species of
fish – more than any other vertebrate!
39
Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity examines the different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes in
the biosphere, as well as variation within an individual ecosystem. The differences in rainforests and deserts
represent the variation between ecosystems. The physical characteristics that determine ecosystem diversity
are complex, and include biotic and abiotic factors.
? Did You Know...
A present day example of natural
selection can be seen in the cray-
fish population. The British crayfish
are crustaceans that live in rivers in
England. The American crayfish
was introduced to the same bodies
of water that were already populat-
ed by the British crayfish. The
American crayfish are larger, more
aggressive and carry an infection
that kills British crayfish but to
which they are immune. As a re-
sult, the British crayfish are de-
creasing in number and are ex-
pected to become extinct in Britain
within the next 50 years. Thus, the
American crayfish have a genetic
variation that gives them an ad-
vantage over the British crayfish to
survive and reproduce.
The variation of genes within individual ...
Community interactions powerfully affect ecosystems through various types of relationships between species including competition, predation, herbivory, symbiosis, and disease. These interactions drive community structure and dynamics. Communities tend to have short food chains due to inefficiencies in energy transfer and limits to animal size. Dominant, keystone, and foundation species play important roles in determining community composition through competitive and facilitative effects. Ecological succession involves predictable changes in communities over time in response to disturbances.
This document discusses bees and ecosystems. It begins by asking the reader to make predictions about bees, such as whether they are important pollinators or if their decline affects food systems. It then confirms that bees are crucial pollinators, their population has declined since WWII, and their loss impacts nutrition and landscapes. The document defines an ecosystem as all living and non-living things in an area that interact, giving the example of a puddle ecosystem. It notes that if one part of the system is disrupted, it impacts other parts, and hints that human agriculture problems could cause human extinction by disrupting ecosystems.
The document summarizes key concepts in community ecology:
1. Community structure is described by physical appearance, species diversity, and niche structure.
2. Species diversity is influenced by factors like latitude and pollution.
3. The number of species on an island is determined by immigration and extinction rates, island size, and distance from mainland.
4. Species play roles like native, non-native, indicator, keystone, and foundation species that impact community ecology.
This document discusses different levels of organization in living things and ecosystems. It begins by explaining that a system is made up of many interacting parts that work together for a purpose, using a bicycle with different components as an example. It then introduces the levels of organization from individual organisms to species to populations to communities within ecosystems. Ecosystems are defined as all the living and nonliving things in an environment and how they interact. Examples of ecosystems like grasslands, deserts, rainforests and bodies of water are provided.
Organisms adapt to their environments in various ways to survive and reproduce. Physical adaptations include changes in coloration to camouflage from predators or changes during seasonal changes. Behavioral adaptations involve behaviors like hibernation to survive harsh conditions. There are different types of mimicry where one species mimics another for protection from predators by resembling the coloration or patterns of a defended species. Plants also have adaptations to survive in different environments like storing water, reducing leaf surface area, or having waxy coatings to reduce water loss in dry conditions.
1. Ecosystems
Why might a change in an ecosystem
affect populations of species within
that ecosystem?
2. Have you ever seen a
caterpillar munching on a
leaf, or a bird drinking
water from a puddle?
Have you noticed that the
leaves of some trees only
change color as the
weather gets cooler?
All of these observations, and others like them, are
examples of the many different types of interactions
that occur within ecosystems.
3. An ecosystem includes
all the living organisms
existing together in a
particular area. These
organisms, like plants
and animals, depend on
each other to survive.
They also interact with
the nonliving elements
of the area, such as
water, soil, rocks, and
climate.
Click here for more information about ecosystems.
4. Click here to Click here to play
watch a short a quick
video vocabulary game
Click here to
read a short
news article
5. The balance of an ecosystem is very delicate!
Changes to the ecosystem, such as the
introduction of a new species or drought, can
be disastrous to all organisms within the
ecosystem.
6.
7. Images courtesy of Jack and June Anthony of jjanthony.com
These three pictures show the growth
of kudzu in an area over time. Predict
how the invasion of kudzu will affect
other plants and animals in this area.
Click here for more information about kudzu.
8. Click here for a Click here to play
short video a quick game
about other
invasive species
Click here to
read a news
article
9. Part 1: Print these instructions before clicking on
the link below. Use the virtual ecology lab to
simulate the disruption of an ecosystem by an
invasive plant species.
Part 2: After completing part 1, start the
simulation over and try to create a sustainable
ecosystem in which all of your species survive. If
one species has a population of zero at the end of
the simulation, start over and try a different
scenario. Which scenario creates the most stable
ecosystem?
Go to Virtual Ecology Lab
10. Virtual Ecology Lab Instructions
Part A) Simulating a stable ecosystem:
a) Click on All Off.
b) Click on Plant C (the third plant in the row) and select it from the menu.
c) Click on Herbivore A (the first herbivore in the row) and set it to eat Plant C.
d) Click on Omnivore A (the first omnivore in the row) and set it to eat Herbivore A.
e) Click RUN and observe that the plant, herbivore, and omnivore populations
eventually reach equilibrium (their population numbers stop changing).
Part B) Simulating the disruption of an ecosystem by an invasive plant species:
a) Click on Reset. (Plant C, Herbivore A, and Omnivore A should still be connected in a
food chain.)
b) Click on Plant A (the first plant in the row) and select it from the menu. This plant
represents an invasive species, a strong competitor to Plant C.
c) Click RUN. What happens to the populations of each species in the ecosystem? Give
an explanation for the results. (hint: think of a chain reaction or domino effect)
PART A PART B
11. Ecosystem
A community of living and nonliving things that
function together.
Examples:
– aquatic ecosystems
– desert ecosystems
– forest ecosystems
12. Species
A group of individual organisms that can
interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Examples:
– humans
– cats
– wolves
13. Invasive species
Non-native organisms that are harmful to the
ecosystem they invade.
Examples:
– Kudzu vine to the southeastern U.S.
– Caribbean tree frog to Hawaii
15. 1. Define
– Ecosystem
– Species
2. Explain how the invasion of kudzu affects
other plants and animals within the
ecosystem.
3. Why might a change in an ecosystem affect
populations of species within that
ecosystem?
16. Credits
• The Habitable Planet – Ecology Lab
• How Stuff Works
• Kudzu Covered Houses
• neoK12
• NOVA beta – Invasive Species Matching Game
• Geography 4 Kids
• USDA National Invasive Species Information Center
• Unless otherwise noted, all photos are from the
internet and were labeled free to use, share, or modify,
even commercially.
17. Kudzu, a vine native to Asia, was introduced to the
United States in 1876. Eventually, it was used all
over the South as a way to control soil erosion.
Unfortunately, kudzu became a major problem.
The climate of the southeastern United States is
perfect for kudzu. With no natural predators in
the area, it can grow up to a foot per day (~30
cm)! This invasive species grows over anything it
touches, including trees, telephone poles, even
houses!