Ecology
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Ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. The biosphere includes all parts of Earth that support life, including the crust, waters, and atmosphere. An ecosystem consists of all organisms in an area and their nonliving environment. A population is all organisms of the same species in an ecosystem. Communities include all populations. Habitats provide organisms with food, shelter, and conditions for survival. Competition for resources like food and space affects population sizes. Limiting factors restrict population numbers. Succession involves natural changes in species over time from pioneers to a climax community. Biomes are large areas with similar climates and ecosystems like tundra, taiga, desert, and forests.
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Eco Pp
Ecosystems can range in size from small to large. They contain biotic factors such as living things like tigers, plants, bacteria, and abiotic non-living things like weather, soil, rocks, sunlight and wind. Temperature affects the density of substances in freshwater environments and impacts how easily animals can travel. An organism is a living thing that can act independently, while a population is a group of the same species in an area. A community contains interacting populations and the abiotic environment they reside in. An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic components. The biosphere encompasses all life on Earth and can be divided into regional ecosystems. Evolution is the genetic change in populations over generations, influenced by natural selection
ECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystems are dynamic communities of organisms and their environment that interact. They include living elements like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as non-living elements like sunlight, water, nutrients and other chemicals. Scientists are concerned that human activities are exceeding environmental thresholds and disrupting ecosystems, which rely on complex interrelationships and are ultimately limited by environmental factors. Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through stages like primary and secondary succession, reaching a climax state.
Summary of topic 2.6
Limiting factors constrain population growth and determine a population's carrying capacity. Limiting factors include resources like nutrients, water, and temperature. Population growth follows an S-curve as it reaches carrying capacity, leveling off when limiting factors balance birth and death rates. Succession is the long-term change in a community as it colonizes bare areas. Primary succession starts from bare substrate while secondary succession follows a disturbance. Succession proceeds through pioneer, intermediate, and climax stages as species diversity and soil/habitat develop over time.
Succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process of change in species composition of a community over time. It defines primary and secondary succession, and describes different types of succession including autogenic, allogenic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, progressive, and retrogressive succession. It also discusses Clements' model of succession involving nudation, invasion, ecesis, aggregation, competition, reaction, and stabilization. Finally, it outlines three major theories of climax communities - monoclimax, polyclimax, and climax pattern theory - and three models of succession - facilitation, tolerance, and inhibition.
Succession ppt
This document summarizes key concepts about ecology that were covered in Ms. Walker's biology class. It defines populations and communities, and describes the interdependencies between populations and the factors that influence population growth. Relationships between populations like predator-prey, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism are discussed. Ecological succession is introduced, including primary succession in a previously unoccupied area and secondary succession following a disruption. The document concludes by assigning homework to create a story applying these ecological concepts.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession describes the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It typically follows some form of disturbance that sets back succession. There are two main types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new sites like emerging islands or land exposed after glaciers, and secondary succession, which occurs after smaller disturbances like fires or floods. Succession proceeds through stages as colonizing species arrive and habitat changes, typically culminating in a stable climax community. This process can inform land management by suggesting what types of vegetation should be left undisturbed or guided at different successional stages.
Ecosystems 7 - Plant Succession Theories
The document discusses different theories of plant succession:
1) The classical theory suggests that climax vegetation reaches a steady state once established.
2) The monoclimax theory proposes that each region has one climax community determined by climate.
3) The polyclimax theory argues that many climax communities can exist in a region, controlled by factors like soil moisture and topography.
Plant succession
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
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Eco Pp
Ecosystems can range in size from small to large. They contain biotic factors such as living things like tigers, plants, bacteria, and abiotic non-living things like weather, soil, rocks, sunlight and wind. Temperature affects the density of substances in freshwater environments and impacts how easily animals can travel. An organism is a living thing that can act independently, while a population is a group of the same species in an area. A community contains interacting populations and the abiotic environment they reside in. An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic components. The biosphere encompasses all life on Earth and can be divided into regional ecosystems. Evolution is the genetic change in populations over generations, influenced by natural selection
ECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystems are dynamic communities of organisms and their environment that interact. They include living elements like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as non-living elements like sunlight, water, nutrients and other chemicals. Scientists are concerned that human activities are exceeding environmental thresholds and disrupting ecosystems, which rely on complex interrelationships and are ultimately limited by environmental factors. Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through stages like primary and secondary succession, reaching a climax state.
Summary of topic 2.6
Limiting factors constrain population growth and determine a population's carrying capacity. Limiting factors include resources like nutrients, water, and temperature. Population growth follows an S-curve as it reaches carrying capacity, leveling off when limiting factors balance birth and death rates. Succession is the long-term change in a community as it colonizes bare areas. Primary succession starts from bare substrate while secondary succession follows a disturbance. Succession proceeds through pioneer, intermediate, and climax stages as species diversity and soil/habitat develop over time.
Succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process of change in species composition of a community over time. It defines primary and secondary succession, and describes different types of succession including autogenic, allogenic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, progressive, and retrogressive succession. It also discusses Clements' model of succession involving nudation, invasion, ecesis, aggregation, competition, reaction, and stabilization. Finally, it outlines three major theories of climax communities - monoclimax, polyclimax, and climax pattern theory - and three models of succession - facilitation, tolerance, and inhibition.
Succession ppt
This document summarizes key concepts about ecology that were covered in Ms. Walker's biology class. It defines populations and communities, and describes the interdependencies between populations and the factors that influence population growth. Relationships between populations like predator-prey, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism are discussed. Ecological succession is introduced, including primary succession in a previously unoccupied area and secondary succession following a disruption. The document concludes by assigning homework to create a story applying these ecological concepts.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession describes the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It typically follows some form of disturbance that sets back succession. There are two main types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new sites like emerging islands or land exposed after glaciers, and secondary succession, which occurs after smaller disturbances like fires or floods. Succession proceeds through stages as colonizing species arrive and habitat changes, typically culminating in a stable climax community. This process can inform land management by suggesting what types of vegetation should be left undisturbed or guided at different successional stages.
Ecosystems 7 - Plant Succession Theories
The document discusses different theories of plant succession:
1) The classical theory suggests that climax vegetation reaches a steady state once established.
2) The monoclimax theory proposes that each region has one climax community determined by climate.
3) The polyclimax theory argues that many climax communities can exist in a region, controlled by factors like soil moisture and topography.
Plant succession
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
Ecological succession (1)
Ecological succession is the natural process of change in species composition of an ecosystem over time. Primary succession begins in areas without soil, like newly exposed rock, and involves pioneer species like lichens forming soil. As the soil develops, other plants like mosses and ferns grow, adding more organic material. Eventually trees and other species dominate once soil is established. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that have been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and progresses more quickly through different pioneer species until a stable climax community develops.
Ecological succession slideshares
Succession is the process of ecological change in a community over time. It begins with pioneer species that colonize new or disturbed areas, followed by later successional communities that become more complex until a climax community is reached. There are two main types: primary succession, which establishes ecosystems in newly available areas like bare rock; and secondary succession, which occurs on previously developed land following disturbance. Examples include forest succession in Acadia National Park and coral reef succession underwater. Hydrosere and xerosere are aquatic and dry land successions respectively, that progress through distinct seral stages from bare substrates to climax plant communities.
Succsion in plants
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It occurs as the newly unoccupied habitat is colonized by pioneering species which are later replaced by other species. There are two main types of succession - primary on newly created habitats and secondary on previously inhabited lands disturbed by events like fire or flooding. Succession progresses through predictable stages until a climax community develops that remains stable unless further disturbed.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in species composition of an ecological community over time. There are two main types: primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous life, and secondary succession, which occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem. Succession will continue through different stages as species colonize an area and change the environment, eventually reaching a climax community that is stable and able to reproduce itself until the next disturbance. Humans can impact ecological succession through activities like agriculture that clear land and disrupt existing ecosystems.
Hydrosere (Hydrarch Succession)
A hydrosere is a plant succession which occurs in an area of fresh water such as in oxbow lakes and kettle lakes.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
Biodiversit1
This document discusses biodiversity at three levels - species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that species diversity is highest near the equator and in coastal areas with warm sea surface temperatures. Throughout history there have been several mass extinction events that dramatically reduced biodiversity. Currently, the Holocene extinction caused by human activity is reducing biodiversity. The document outlines that each level of biodiversity influences the others, and loss at one level can impact the other levels. Maintaining biodiversity is important for sustaining ecosystem productivity and resilience against disasters.
Succession
This presentation elaborates on primary and secondary succession concepts presented in Chapter 6 of your text.
Ecosystems - Succession and Key Terms
The document provides definitions and concepts related to ecosystems, including:
1. Definitions of ecosystems and their structure, including biomass and dead organic matter.
2. Functions of ecosystems, including energy and nutrient flows through photosynthesis, trophic levels, and nutrient recycling.
3. Plant succession and how plant communities change over time from pioneer to climax species in response to changing environmental conditions.
Succession
more sciencebitz resources on iTunesU and iBooks https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/enroll/DEZ-HWS-HNJ
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Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process by which one ecological community replaces another over time. There are two types of succession: primary and secondary. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like volcanic slopes, and involves pioneer species that help form soil and allow other plants and animals to move in over time. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that has been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and the process of the community reestablishing is faster since soil is already present. Both primary and secondary succession follow a similar pattern of colonization from small pioneer species to larger plants and animals that make up a climax community.
Succession Slides 2012
This document discusses ecological succession, including primary and secondary succession. It provides examples of primary succession on new landscapes like volcanic islands or glacial retreat. Secondary succession is examined using a case study of an old field recovering from agriculture. The document also discusses how disturbances can impact succession, creating ecotones and edge effects. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is presented, suggesting peak diversity at moderate disturbance levels. Island biogeography theories are summarized, relating them to habitat fragmentation. The solution of wildlife corridors is proposed to address fragmentation effects.
best ever ppt on ecological succession by nagesh
This document discusses ecological succession. It begins by defining succession as the process of change in species structure over time within a community. Succession can be initiated by disturbances like lava flows or landslides. There are two main types - primary succession, which occurs on new sites without soil like volcanic areas, and secondary succession, which occurs on sites that were previously inhabited but have been disturbed, like areas after forest fires. The document outlines the key stages and processes in both primary and secondary succession, from colonization by pioneer species to the development of a climax community. Examples of primary succession include the formation of soils and ecosystems on Surtsey island after volcanic eruptions.
Plant Succession
Plant succession refers to the natural orderly changes in plant and animal communities over time. If undisturbed, an open field may become a forest over 150-300 years. However, factors like soil, climate, topography, and natural or human disturbances can affect succession patterns. Succession progresses through stages from herbs to shrubs to young forest to mature forest and finally climax forest. Primary succession occurs on undeveloped land while secondary succession occurs on previously vegetated land disturbed by events like fires or logging.
Succession 2009
The document discusses ecosystem succession, which is the orderly process over time of an ecosystem changing from simple to more complex. There are two types of succession - primary on new areas lacking organisms, and secondary on previously occupied areas. Succession begins with pioneer organisms that can survive the initial conditions, and progresses through various seral stages as the ecosystem develops, eventually reaching a climax community. The document provides examples of succession from sand dunes and describes a field trip to collect data on plant species at Illinois Beach State Park to study primary succession over 12,000 years since the last glacial retreat.
Ecosystems 6 - Intro To Plant Succession
This document discusses plant succession, which is the process of vegetation changes over time that leads to the development of a climatic climax community. It covers key terms related to primary and secondary succession, including pioneer species, mid-successional species, invasion, competition, dominance, adaptation, modification, priseres, seres, climatic climax communities, sub-climaxes, and plagio-climaxes. It also covers lithoseres, hydroseres, psammoseres, and halseres, requiring a detailed study of one of these succession types.
Ecological Succession
Ecological succession describes the process by which the species in an ecosystem change over time following a disturbance. It can be primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces like lava flows with no previous life, or secondary succession, which follows a disruption but not destruction of an existing community like after a forest fire. Succession proceeds as pioneering species like grasses establish and modify the environment, making it possible for other plants like shrubs and trees to grow and eventually form a stable community. Examples of succession include forests reestablishing on the island of Krakatoa after its 1883 eruption destroyed all life and sand dunes transforming into forests over time along shorelines.
Ecological succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process by which one community replaces another until a stable climax community is reached. It outlines the main steps of succession: nudation, invasion, competition/coaction, reaction, and climax. Nudation refers to the development of a bare area. Invasion involves pioneer species migrating and establishing in the bare area. Competition occurs as populations increase and species interact. Reaction changes the environment. The climax stage is the final stable community that will not be replaced. An example of succession is provided but not described in detail.
Zonation
The document discusses ecological concepts like zonation, climax communities, and plagioclimax communities. Zonation refers to parallel or sub-parallel bands of communities based on latitude or altitude. A climax community is an ecological community that has reached a stable state with balanced populations and feedback mechanisms. A plagioclimax community is one prevented from further development due to human influences like agriculture, hunting, or grazing.
Unit 5, Lesson 5.7- Ecological Succession
Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. There are two types: primary succession, which occurs on new habitats that have never been colonized, and secondary succession, which occurs on previously colonized habitats that have been disturbed. Primary succession from bare rock follows steps from pioneer lichens and mosses breaking down rock to develop soil, to larger plants like ferns and shrubs, and eventually forests over hundreds of years. Secondary succession is faster as soil and seeds are already present, such as after a forest fire or deforestation.
Ecological Successions
Ecological succession is the predictable process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. There are two types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas without soil such as after glaciers recede, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas that have experienced a disturbance but retain their soil, such as after fires or hurricanes. Succession begins with pioneer species that can survive with little soil and progresses over centuries to a climax community as the environment changes.
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4.Energy flow in the ecosystem, Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. 5.Ecological succession. 6. Introduction, types,
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Ecology
1. Ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their physical environment. This includes factors like light, heat, moisture, nutrients and interactions between different species.
2. An ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Major parts include producers, consumers, decomposers and abiotic (non-living) elements. Inputs include energy, water, nutrients and outputs include food webs and material cycles.
3. A food web shows the transfer of energy between organisms as one species eats another. It involves producers, primary, secondary and tertiary consumers, and decomposers which break down waste. Species also interact through predation, competition, parasitism and coevolution
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Ecological succession (1)
Ecological succession is the natural process of change in species composition of an ecosystem over time. Primary succession begins in areas without soil, like newly exposed rock, and involves pioneer species like lichens forming soil. As the soil develops, other plants like mosses and ferns grow, adding more organic material. Eventually trees and other species dominate once soil is established. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that have been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and progresses more quickly through different pioneer species until a stable climax community develops.
Ecological succession slideshares
Succession is the process of ecological change in a community over time. It begins with pioneer species that colonize new or disturbed areas, followed by later successional communities that become more complex until a climax community is reached. There are two main types: primary succession, which establishes ecosystems in newly available areas like bare rock; and secondary succession, which occurs on previously developed land following disturbance. Examples include forest succession in Acadia National Park and coral reef succession underwater. Hydrosere and xerosere are aquatic and dry land successions respectively, that progress through distinct seral stages from bare substrates to climax plant communities.
Succsion in plants
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It occurs as the newly unoccupied habitat is colonized by pioneering species which are later replaced by other species. There are two main types of succession - primary on newly created habitats and secondary on previously inhabited lands disturbed by events like fire or flooding. Succession progresses through predictable stages until a climax community develops that remains stable unless further disturbed.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in species composition of an ecological community over time. There are two main types: primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous life, and secondary succession, which occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem. Succession will continue through different stages as species colonize an area and change the environment, eventually reaching a climax community that is stable and able to reproduce itself until the next disturbance. Humans can impact ecological succession through activities like agriculture that clear land and disrupt existing ecosystems.
Hydrosere (Hydrarch Succession)
A hydrosere is a plant succession which occurs in an area of fresh water such as in oxbow lakes and kettle lakes.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
Biodiversit1
This document discusses biodiversity at three levels - species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It notes that species diversity is highest near the equator and in coastal areas with warm sea surface temperatures. Throughout history there have been several mass extinction events that dramatically reduced biodiversity. Currently, the Holocene extinction caused by human activity is reducing biodiversity. The document outlines that each level of biodiversity influences the others, and loss at one level can impact the other levels. Maintaining biodiversity is important for sustaining ecosystem productivity and resilience against disasters.
Succession
This presentation elaborates on primary and secondary succession concepts presented in Chapter 6 of your text.
Ecosystems - Succession and Key Terms
The document provides definitions and concepts related to ecosystems, including:
1. Definitions of ecosystems and their structure, including biomass and dead organic matter.
2. Functions of ecosystems, including energy and nutrient flows through photosynthesis, trophic levels, and nutrient recycling.
3. Plant succession and how plant communities change over time from pioneer to climax species in response to changing environmental conditions.
Succession
more sciencebitz resources on iTunesU and iBooks https://itunesu.itunes.apple.com/enroll/DEZ-HWS-HNJ
https://itun.es/gb/ymzI6.n
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process by which one ecological community replaces another over time. There are two types of succession: primary and secondary. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like volcanic slopes, and involves pioneer species that help form soil and allow other plants and animals to move in over time. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that has been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and the process of the community reestablishing is faster since soil is already present. Both primary and secondary succession follow a similar pattern of colonization from small pioneer species to larger plants and animals that make up a climax community.
Succession Slides 2012
This document discusses ecological succession, including primary and secondary succession. It provides examples of primary succession on new landscapes like volcanic islands or glacial retreat. Secondary succession is examined using a case study of an old field recovering from agriculture. The document also discusses how disturbances can impact succession, creating ecotones and edge effects. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is presented, suggesting peak diversity at moderate disturbance levels. Island biogeography theories are summarized, relating them to habitat fragmentation. The solution of wildlife corridors is proposed to address fragmentation effects.
best ever ppt on ecological succession by nagesh
This document discusses ecological succession. It begins by defining succession as the process of change in species structure over time within a community. Succession can be initiated by disturbances like lava flows or landslides. There are two main types - primary succession, which occurs on new sites without soil like volcanic areas, and secondary succession, which occurs on sites that were previously inhabited but have been disturbed, like areas after forest fires. The document outlines the key stages and processes in both primary and secondary succession, from colonization by pioneer species to the development of a climax community. Examples of primary succession include the formation of soils and ecosystems on Surtsey island after volcanic eruptions.
Plant Succession
Plant succession refers to the natural orderly changes in plant and animal communities over time. If undisturbed, an open field may become a forest over 150-300 years. However, factors like soil, climate, topography, and natural or human disturbances can affect succession patterns. Succession progresses through stages from herbs to shrubs to young forest to mature forest and finally climax forest. Primary succession occurs on undeveloped land while secondary succession occurs on previously vegetated land disturbed by events like fires or logging.
Succession 2009
The document discusses ecosystem succession, which is the orderly process over time of an ecosystem changing from simple to more complex. There are two types of succession - primary on new areas lacking organisms, and secondary on previously occupied areas. Succession begins with pioneer organisms that can survive the initial conditions, and progresses through various seral stages as the ecosystem develops, eventually reaching a climax community. The document provides examples of succession from sand dunes and describes a field trip to collect data on plant species at Illinois Beach State Park to study primary succession over 12,000 years since the last glacial retreat.
Ecosystems 6 - Intro To Plant Succession
This document discusses plant succession, which is the process of vegetation changes over time that leads to the development of a climatic climax community. It covers key terms related to primary and secondary succession, including pioneer species, mid-successional species, invasion, competition, dominance, adaptation, modification, priseres, seres, climatic climax communities, sub-climaxes, and plagio-climaxes. It also covers lithoseres, hydroseres, psammoseres, and halseres, requiring a detailed study of one of these succession types.
Ecological Succession
Ecological succession describes the process by which the species in an ecosystem change over time following a disturbance. It can be primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces like lava flows with no previous life, or secondary succession, which follows a disruption but not destruction of an existing community like after a forest fire. Succession proceeds as pioneering species like grasses establish and modify the environment, making it possible for other plants like shrubs and trees to grow and eventually form a stable community. Examples of succession include forests reestablishing on the island of Krakatoa after its 1883 eruption destroyed all life and sand dunes transforming into forests over time along shorelines.
Ecological succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process by which one community replaces another until a stable climax community is reached. It outlines the main steps of succession: nudation, invasion, competition/coaction, reaction, and climax. Nudation refers to the development of a bare area. Invasion involves pioneer species migrating and establishing in the bare area. Competition occurs as populations increase and species interact. Reaction changes the environment. The climax stage is the final stable community that will not be replaced. An example of succession is provided but not described in detail.
Zonation
The document discusses ecological concepts like zonation, climax communities, and plagioclimax communities. Zonation refers to parallel or sub-parallel bands of communities based on latitude or altitude. A climax community is an ecological community that has reached a stable state with balanced populations and feedback mechanisms. A plagioclimax community is one prevented from further development due to human influences like agriculture, hunting, or grazing.
Unit 5, Lesson 5.7- Ecological Succession
Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. There are two types: primary succession, which occurs on new habitats that have never been colonized, and secondary succession, which occurs on previously colonized habitats that have been disturbed. Primary succession from bare rock follows steps from pioneer lichens and mosses breaking down rock to develop soil, to larger plants like ferns and shrubs, and eventually forests over hundreds of years. Secondary succession is faster as soil and seeds are already present, such as after a forest fire or deforestation.
Ecological Successions
Ecological succession is the predictable process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. There are two types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas without soil such as after glaciers recede, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas that have experienced a disturbance but retain their soil, such as after fires or hurricanes. Succession begins with pioneer species that can survive with little soil and progresses over centuries to a climax community as the environment changes.
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- Environmental factors like light, temperature, water, wind, top
2.1 ecology notes 1
This document discusses the levels of organization in ecology from smallest to largest: organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, and the biosphere. It defines each level and provides examples. Ecologists study interactions between organisms and their environments at each level of organization. Both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors influence where and how organisms live within their particular niches in a community or habitat.
Lecture-2_Ecology-and-Biogeochemical-Cycles.ppt
Ecology is the scientific study of the intricate relationships between living organisms and their environment. It seeks to understand how organisms interact with one another and their surroundings, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest ecosystems. One fundamental aspect of ecology is the examination of biogeochemical cycles, which are essential processes that govern the flow of elements and compounds through the Earth's ecosystems. These cycles encompass the movement of essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and water between the living and non-living components of the environment. For example, the carbon cycle involves the exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere, plants, and animals, regulating the levels of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere and influencing climate. The nitrogen cycle is another vital process, as it controls the availability of nitrogen for plants and, subsequently, for all organisms in a given ecosystem. Biogeochemical cycles are critical to maintaining the delicate balance of nutrients and elements necessary for life on Earth, and any disruptions to these cycles can have profound ecological consequences. Understanding these cycles is crucial for environmental conservation and for addressing global challenges like climate change and nutrient pollution. In sum, ecology and biogeochemical cycles are intimately linked, providing the foundation for understanding how life and the environment are intricately interconnected and interdependent.
Ecosystem
An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic components that interact through nutrient cycling, energy flow, and structure. The key biotic components are producers, consumers, and decomposers, which interact through food chains and webs. Energy and nutrients transfer between trophic levels, with biomass decreasing at higher levels. Ecosystems are influenced by various environmental factors like temperature, water, soil properties, and biotic interactions, with different species having specific tolerances. Ecosystems strive for balance, but human activities can disrupt natural nutrient cycles and environmental conditions.
Ecological sucession,SUCESSION,HYDROXERE
Ecological succession is the gradual replacement of one community by another until a stable climax community is established. The document describes the process of ecological succession, including primary and secondary succession. It provides examples of hydrosere succession, which begins in a body of water and progresses through stages from phytoplankton to forest. The stages include submerged plants, floating plants, reed swamp, sedge meadow, woodland, and climax forest community as the habitat becomes increasingly dry over time due to soil accumulation.
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Biology - Chp 4 - Ecosystems And Communities - PowerPoint
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A study on non performing assets of financial institutions
This document appears to be a project report submitted for a Master's degree. It analyzes the non-performing assets of financial institutions in India. The study compares the NPAs of a cooperative bank, public sector bank, and private sector bank from 2010-2014. It finds that the cooperative bank has the highest NPA ratio compared to advances and net profit. Most NPAs are in the agricultural sector and among female borrowers aged 35-50. The report provides suggestions for reducing NPAs, such as better screening of loan applicants and monitoring of loans. It concludes that controlling NPAs is important for the strength and competitiveness of India's banking system.
Engineered, discretionary and committed costs
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This document discusses various tools and techniques that can be used for auditing, including surveys, questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, and direct observation. Surveys are useful for collecting background data, behavioral data, attitudes, opinions, and knowledge, but have limitations such as imposing the researcher's structure and not capturing deeper information. Questionnaires guide interviews and distribute questions, while focus groups allow collection of more information from groups of 5-10 people. Interviews can establish trust but are expensive. Direct observation techniques include participant observation, field observation, trace data, and archival data. Overall, the document provides an overview of common qualitative and quantitative audit data collection methods.
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This document discusses franchising. It defines franchising as granting the right to use a business's model and brand for a set period of time. The key parties in franchising are the franchisor, who owns the business model, and the franchisee, who pays fees to use the franchisor's brand. There are advantages for both parties: franchisees gain an established brand and business support, while franchisors can expand their business with less capital and risk. The document outlines the types of franchising and perspectives of both franchisors and franchisees.
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Strategic analysis is used to determine the best path for an organization to achieve its goals. It involves researching the business environment and organization to formulate strategy. Some key tools for strategic analysis include PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Porter's five forces model, value chain analysis, and McKinsey's 7S model. These tools help evaluate factors both internal and external to the organization to measure the success of implemented strategies. In conclusion, strategic analysis provides a clear view of a company's operations, objectives, and how it achieves its targets.
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyMicrobial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
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Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionImproving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
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Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Ecology
- 1. Ecology
- 2. The study of the interactions that take place among organisms and their environment
- 3. Biosphere The part of Earth that supports life Top portion of Earth's crust All the waters that cover Earth's surface Atmosphere that surrounds Earth.
- 5. Ecosystem All the organisms living in an area and the nonliving features of their environment
- 6. Population All the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species
- 8. Community All the populations in an ecosystem
- 10. Habitat The place in which an organism lives provides the kinds of food and shelter, the temperature, and the amount of moisture the organism needs to survive
- 13. Competition Competition caused by population growth affects many organisms, including humans Limits population size
- 15. Limiting Factor Anything that restricts the number of individuals in a population. Includes living and nonliving features of the ecosystem
- 17. Succession Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary. Primary – begins in a place without soil Secondary – where soil already exists
- 22. Pioneer species A group of organisms, such as lichens, found in the primary stage of succession and that begin an area's soil-building process
- 24. Climax community A community that has reached a stable stage of ecological succession
- 26. Biome Large geographic areas with similar climates and ecosystems
- 28. Includes Tundra Taiga Desert Temperate deciduous forest Temperate rain forest Tropical rain forest, and grassland
- 29. This powerpoint was kindly donated to www.worldofteaching.com http://www.worldofteaching.com is home to over a thousand powerpoints submitted by teachers. This is a completely free site and requires no registration. Please visit and I hope it will help in your teaching.
- 30. Thank YOUUU.