Succession 2009
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The document discusses ecosystem succession, which is the orderly process over time of an ecosystem changing from simple to more complex. There are two types of succession - primary on new areas lacking organisms, and secondary on previously occupied areas. Succession begins with pioneer organisms that can survive the initial conditions, and progresses through various seral stages as the ecosystem develops, eventually reaching a climax community. The document provides examples of succession from sand dunes and describes a field trip to collect data on plant species at Illinois Beach State Park to study primary succession over 12,000 years since the last glacial retreat.
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Succession(Bio1)
The document discusses ecological succession, which refers to predictable changes that occur in a community over time after disturbances. It describes primary succession, which begins in areas with no remnants of older communities, such as those affected by volcanic eruptions. Pioneer species like lichens are the first to colonize these areas. Their growth adds organic matter and forms soil to allow other plants to grow. Secondary succession occurs in areas where communities are partially destroyed, allowing faster regrowth from surviving vegetation and soil. Over time, more species are able to survive as the environment changes. Succession may lead to a stable climax community, though human activities can prevent regrowth of the original community. Studies of areas like Mount St. Helens show primary
Ecological succession
The numbers and types of species that live in them generally change through time. This is called ecological succession.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
Ecological succession slideshares
Succession is the process of ecological change in a community over time. It begins with pioneer species that colonize new or disturbed areas, followed by later successional communities that become more complex until a climax community is reached. There are two main types: primary succession, which establishes ecosystems in newly available areas like bare rock; and secondary succession, which occurs on previously developed land following disturbance. Examples include forest succession in Acadia National Park and coral reef succession underwater. Hydrosere and xerosere are aquatic and dry land successions respectively, that progress through distinct seral stages from bare substrates to climax plant communities.
Ecological succession (1)
Ecological succession is the natural process of change in species composition of an ecosystem over time. Primary succession begins in areas without soil, like newly exposed rock, and involves pioneer species like lichens forming soil. As the soil develops, other plants like mosses and ferns grow, adding more organic material. Eventually trees and other species dominate once soil is established. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that have been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and progresses more quickly through different pioneer species until a stable climax community develops.
Succession ppt
This document summarizes key concepts about ecology that were covered in Ms. Walker's biology class. It defines populations and communities, and describes the interdependencies between populations and the factors that influence population growth. Relationships between populations like predator-prey, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism are discussed. Ecological succession is introduced, including primary succession in a previously unoccupied area and secondary succession following a disruption. The document concludes by assigning homework to create a story applying these ecological concepts.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process by which one ecological community replaces another over time. There are two types of succession: primary and secondary. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like volcanic slopes, and involves pioneer species that help form soil and allow other plants and animals to move in over time. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that has been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and the process of the community reestablishing is faster since soil is already present. Both primary and secondary succession follow a similar pattern of colonization from small pioneer species to larger plants and animals that make up a climax community.
Ecological succession good
Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement of species in a community over time. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces without an ecosystem like volcanic rock, and secondary succession, which happens in disturbed ecosystems. Pioneer species like bacteria and lichens are the first to colonize during primary succession, breaking down rock and forming soil for other species. Eventually a climax community develops that remains stable if undisturbed.
ECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystems are dynamic communities of organisms and their environment that interact. They include living elements like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as non-living elements like sunlight, water, nutrients and other chemicals. Scientists are concerned that human activities are exceeding environmental thresholds and disrupting ecosystems, which rely on complex interrelationships and are ultimately limited by environmental factors. Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through stages like primary and secondary succession, reaching a climax state.
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Succession(Bio1)
The document discusses ecological succession, which refers to predictable changes that occur in a community over time after disturbances. It describes primary succession, which begins in areas with no remnants of older communities, such as those affected by volcanic eruptions. Pioneer species like lichens are the first to colonize these areas. Their growth adds organic matter and forms soil to allow other plants to grow. Secondary succession occurs in areas where communities are partially destroyed, allowing faster regrowth from surviving vegetation and soil. Over time, more species are able to survive as the environment changes. Succession may lead to a stable climax community, though human activities can prevent regrowth of the original community. Studies of areas like Mount St. Helens show primary
Ecological succession
The numbers and types of species that live in them generally change through time. This is called ecological succession.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Govt. Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt. A. P
Phone: 9010705687
Ecological succession slideshares
Succession is the process of ecological change in a community over time. It begins with pioneer species that colonize new or disturbed areas, followed by later successional communities that become more complex until a climax community is reached. There are two main types: primary succession, which establishes ecosystems in newly available areas like bare rock; and secondary succession, which occurs on previously developed land following disturbance. Examples include forest succession in Acadia National Park and coral reef succession underwater. Hydrosere and xerosere are aquatic and dry land successions respectively, that progress through distinct seral stages from bare substrates to climax plant communities.
Ecological succession (1)
Ecological succession is the natural process of change in species composition of an ecosystem over time. Primary succession begins in areas without soil, like newly exposed rock, and involves pioneer species like lichens forming soil. As the soil develops, other plants like mosses and ferns grow, adding more organic material. Eventually trees and other species dominate once soil is established. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that have been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and progresses more quickly through different pioneer species until a stable climax community develops.
Succession ppt
This document summarizes key concepts about ecology that were covered in Ms. Walker's biology class. It defines populations and communities, and describes the interdependencies between populations and the factors that influence population growth. Relationships between populations like predator-prey, parasitism, mutualism and commensalism are discussed. Ecological succession is introduced, including primary succession in a previously unoccupied area and secondary succession following a disruption. The document concludes by assigning homework to create a story applying these ecological concepts.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process by which one ecological community replaces another over time. There are two types of succession: primary and secondary. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like volcanic slopes, and involves pioneer species that help form soil and allow other plants and animals to move in over time. Secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil that has been disturbed, like after a forest fire, and the process of the community reestablishing is faster since soil is already present. Both primary and secondary succession follow a similar pattern of colonization from small pioneer species to larger plants and animals that make up a climax community.
Ecological succession good
Ecological succession is the gradual process of change and replacement of species in a community over time. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces without an ecosystem like volcanic rock, and secondary succession, which happens in disturbed ecosystems. Pioneer species like bacteria and lichens are the first to colonize during primary succession, breaking down rock and forming soil for other species. Eventually a climax community develops that remains stable if undisturbed.
ECOSYSTEMS
Ecosystems are dynamic communities of organisms and their environment that interact. They include living elements like producers, consumers, and decomposers, as well as non-living elements like sunlight, water, nutrients and other chemicals. Scientists are concerned that human activities are exceeding environmental thresholds and disrupting ecosystems, which rely on complex interrelationships and are ultimately limited by environmental factors. Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through stages like primary and secondary succession, reaching a climax state.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the gradual replacement of one community by another over time. It is initiated by disturbances that remove existing organisms or alter resources and habitat. There are two types of succession: primary succession occurs in areas without soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil following a disturbance. In both cases, pioneer species are the first to colonize, and succession progresses gradually until an equilibrium climax community dominated by less tolerant species is reached if undisturbed.
Succession Slides 2012
This document discusses ecological succession, including primary and secondary succession. It provides examples of primary succession on new landscapes like volcanic islands or glacial retreat. Secondary succession is examined using a case study of an old field recovering from agriculture. The document also discusses how disturbances can impact succession, creating ecotones and edge effects. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is presented, suggesting peak diversity at moderate disturbance levels. Island biogeography theories are summarized, relating them to habitat fragmentation. The solution of wildlife corridors is proposed to address fragmentation effects.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time from a barren habitat to a stable community. Pioneer species are the first to colonize barren environments, such as lichens, ferns and mosses. Succession occurs through five sequential stages: nudation, invasion, competition/co-action, reaction, and stabilization or climax. Primary succession occurs on newly exposed rock surfaces, while secondary succession occurs in previously inhabited areas disturbed by events like fires or landslides.
Ecological succession
Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
Succsion in plants
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It occurs as the newly unoccupied habitat is colonized by pioneering species which are later replaced by other species. There are two main types of succession - primary on newly created habitats and secondary on previously inhabited lands disturbed by events like fire or flooding. Succession progresses through predictable stages until a climax community develops that remains stable unless further disturbed.
Ecological succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process by which one community replaces another until a stable climax community is reached. It outlines the main steps of succession: nudation, invasion, competition/coaction, reaction, and climax. Nudation refers to the development of a bare area. Invasion involves pioneer species migrating and establishing in the bare area. Competition occurs as populations increase and species interact. Reaction changes the environment. The climax stage is the final stable community that will not be replaced. An example of succession is provided but not described in detail.
plant succession
This document provides information about plant succession over multiple pages. It begins with definitions and history, describing succession as the directional change in plant species occupying an area over time. It then describes different types of succession (primary, secondary, etc.), stages of hydrosere and xerosere successions, and trends during succession like increasing complexity and biomass. The document outlines the process of succession and concludes by discussing climatic, topographic, and biotic causes that can initiate succession.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession describes the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It typically follows some form of disturbance that sets back succession. There are two main types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new sites like emerging islands or land exposed after glaciers, and secondary succession, which occurs after smaller disturbances like fires or floods. Succession proceeds through stages as colonizing species arrive and habitat changes, typically culminating in a stable climax community. This process can inform land management by suggesting what types of vegetation should be left undisturbed or guided at different successional stages.
Concept of Climax
This document defines and classifies different types of climaxes in plant succession. A climax is the final stable plant community for a given environment. There are several types of climaxes, including climatic, edaphic, pre-climax, post-climax, biotic, catastrophic, and disclimax. Each type is distinguished based on the factors influencing the plant community, such as climate, soil conditions, biotic interactions, or human disturbances. The climax community is balanced and resistant to changes in environmental conditions.
Unit 5, Lesson 5.7- Ecological Succession
Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. There are two types: primary succession, which occurs on new habitats that have never been colonized, and secondary succession, which occurs on previously colonized habitats that have been disturbed. Primary succession from bare rock follows steps from pioneer lichens and mosses breaking down rock to develop soil, to larger plants like ferns and shrubs, and eventually forests over hundreds of years. Secondary succession is faster as soil and seeds are already present, such as after a forest fire or deforestation.
Succession notes 2013
Primary succession occurs when organisms first colonize lifeless areas, gradually changing conditions until an ecosystem forms. Secondary succession occurs more rapidly when organisms recolonize areas where ecosystems previously existed but were disturbed. Both primary and secondary succession involve predictable changes in communities over time that help maintain equilibrium in ecosystems.
Succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process of change in species composition of a community over time. It defines primary and secondary succession, and describes different types of succession including autogenic, allogenic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, progressive, and retrogressive succession. It also discusses Clements' model of succession involving nudation, invasion, ecesis, aggregation, competition, reaction, and stabilization. Finally, it outlines three major theories of climax communities - monoclimax, polyclimax, and climax pattern theory - and three models of succession - facilitation, tolerance, and inhibition.
ecological succession
Ecological succession describes how communities of plants and animals change over time in a particular area. There are two types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas without soil like after a volcanic eruption, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas with existing soil like after a forest fire. During primary succession, pioneer species like lichens and mosses establish first and help develop soil over time. Later stages see grasses and shrubs followed by trees. Secondary succession reestablishes ecosystems more quickly since soil remains intact, beginning with plants adapted to disturbed areas like fireweed before trees and other late stage species return. All succession leads eventually to a climax community of species best adapted to the local environment that will persist until
Ecological succession
This document discusses ecological succession. It defines succession as the process by which plant and animal communities change over time until a stable climax community is reached. There are two types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous species like new sand dunes, and secondary succession, which occurs after a disturbance removes existing vegetation, like in abandoned fields. The stages of succession involve pioneer species first inhabiting the area and changing the environment, allowing new species to enter until a stable climax community is established. Videos and a worksheet on succession are assigned as homework.
Forest succession and stages ppt
Ecological succession describes the natural process of environmental change through which the species composition of an area evolves over time. Primary succession begins from abiotic conditions like newly exposed rock, while secondary succession follows disturbances that remove existing life but leave soil intact. Succession proceeds through stages as pioneer species establish and modify conditions, allowing more complex plants and wildlife to gradually occupy the area until a climax community develops. Forest succession in Oregon moves from lichen and moss pioneers to shrub, young forest, mature forest, and finally climax stages dominated by species like hemlock, pine and fir.
Plant succession
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
Succession
Ecological succession refers to predictable changes in the structure of a community over time. Primary succession occurs on new areas without soil, like after a volcano, where pioneer species establish and create soil for more complex plants. Secondary succession follows a disturbance, like a fire, that reduces an existing ecosystem and leaves soil intact, allowing the area to transition back to its original state. Succession proceeds through early, middle, and late stages as species composition changes from small, fast reproducing pioneers to longer-lived plants and animals of a mature ecosystem.
046 ecological succession
Succession is the natural, orderly change in plant and animal communities that occurs at the same place over a period of time. In all communities, the composition of species changes over a period of time. Ecological succession leads to species diversity as it progresses. Secondary succession generally occurs faster than primary succession and is more likely to actually occur than latter
Ecological succession & cycles of matter
Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
Succession Definitions
Ecological succession is the orderly progression of a vegetation community through developmental stages over time, eventually reaching a climax community. The key stages are:
1) Pioneer species first colonize the bare ground, exploiting the lack of competition. Moss and other low-growing plants are common pioneers.
2) After a few years, competition and environmental changes increase as the number of species grows. Soil develops, temperatures moderate, and nutrients rise with more complex food webs and larger herbivores present.
3) Further successional stages occur until a stable climax community is reached that is in equilibrium with the local climate and environment. In the UK, deciduous oak woodland is a common climax community
Succession
Ecological succession is the process by which the composition or structure of a biological community evolves over time. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which occurs in environments without soil such as after a volcanic eruption, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas with existing soil such as abandoned farms. During primary succession, pioneer communities of organisms that can survive in harsh conditions are the first to colonize an area, followed by changes to more complex communities in a predictable order. Secondary succession follows a similar pattern on land that previously supported life.
Biology chapter 8 colonisation and succession in a pond
The document describes the stages of colonization and succession in a newly formed pond. It discusses four groups of plants: submerged plants, floating plants, amphibious plants, and land plants. Submerged plants are the pioneer species. As the pond develops, floating plants succeed submerged plants, blocking sunlight. Amphibious plants then succeed floating plants as the pond shallows. Finally, land plants establish as the pond dries up completely. There are five stages: pioneer stage, succession by aquatic plants, succession by amphibious plants, succession by land plants, and climax community formation.
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Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the gradual replacement of one community by another over time. It is initiated by disturbances that remove existing organisms or alter resources and habitat. There are two types of succession: primary succession occurs in areas without soil, while secondary succession occurs in areas with existing soil following a disturbance. In both cases, pioneer species are the first to colonize, and succession progresses gradually until an equilibrium climax community dominated by less tolerant species is reached if undisturbed.
Succession Slides 2012
This document discusses ecological succession, including primary and secondary succession. It provides examples of primary succession on new landscapes like volcanic islands or glacial retreat. Secondary succession is examined using a case study of an old field recovering from agriculture. The document also discusses how disturbances can impact succession, creating ecotones and edge effects. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is presented, suggesting peak diversity at moderate disturbance levels. Island biogeography theories are summarized, relating them to habitat fragmentation. The solution of wildlife corridors is proposed to address fragmentation effects.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process by which the structure of a biological community evolves over time from a barren habitat to a stable community. Pioneer species are the first to colonize barren environments, such as lichens, ferns and mosses. Succession occurs through five sequential stages: nudation, invasion, competition/co-action, reaction, and stabilization or climax. Primary succession occurs on newly exposed rock surfaces, while secondary succession occurs in previously inhabited areas disturbed by events like fires or landslides.
Ecological succession
Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
Succsion in plants
Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It occurs as the newly unoccupied habitat is colonized by pioneering species which are later replaced by other species. There are two main types of succession - primary on newly created habitats and secondary on previously inhabited lands disturbed by events like fire or flooding. Succession progresses through predictable stages until a climax community develops that remains stable unless further disturbed.
Ecological succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process by which one community replaces another until a stable climax community is reached. It outlines the main steps of succession: nudation, invasion, competition/coaction, reaction, and climax. Nudation refers to the development of a bare area. Invasion involves pioneer species migrating and establishing in the bare area. Competition occurs as populations increase and species interact. Reaction changes the environment. The climax stage is the final stable community that will not be replaced. An example of succession is provided but not described in detail.
plant succession
This document provides information about plant succession over multiple pages. It begins with definitions and history, describing succession as the directional change in plant species occupying an area over time. It then describes different types of succession (primary, secondary, etc.), stages of hydrosere and xerosere successions, and trends during succession like increasing complexity and biomass. The document outlines the process of succession and concludes by discussing climatic, topographic, and biotic causes that can initiate succession.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession describes the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. It typically follows some form of disturbance that sets back succession. There are two main types of succession - primary succession, which occurs on new sites like emerging islands or land exposed after glaciers, and secondary succession, which occurs after smaller disturbances like fires or floods. Succession proceeds through stages as colonizing species arrive and habitat changes, typically culminating in a stable climax community. This process can inform land management by suggesting what types of vegetation should be left undisturbed or guided at different successional stages.
Concept of Climax
This document defines and classifies different types of climaxes in plant succession. A climax is the final stable plant community for a given environment. There are several types of climaxes, including climatic, edaphic, pre-climax, post-climax, biotic, catastrophic, and disclimax. Each type is distinguished based on the factors influencing the plant community, such as climate, soil conditions, biotic interactions, or human disturbances. The climax community is balanced and resistant to changes in environmental conditions.
Unit 5, Lesson 5.7- Ecological Succession
Ecological succession is the gradual process by which ecosystems change and develop over time. There are two types: primary succession, which occurs on new habitats that have never been colonized, and secondary succession, which occurs on previously colonized habitats that have been disturbed. Primary succession from bare rock follows steps from pioneer lichens and mosses breaking down rock to develop soil, to larger plants like ferns and shrubs, and eventually forests over hundreds of years. Secondary succession is faster as soil and seeds are already present, such as after a forest fire or deforestation.
Succession notes 2013
Primary succession occurs when organisms first colonize lifeless areas, gradually changing conditions until an ecosystem forms. Secondary succession occurs more rapidly when organisms recolonize areas where ecosystems previously existed but were disturbed. Both primary and secondary succession involve predictable changes in communities over time that help maintain equilibrium in ecosystems.
Succession
This document discusses ecological succession, which is the process of change in species composition of a community over time. It defines primary and secondary succession, and describes different types of succession including autogenic, allogenic, autotrophic, heterotrophic, progressive, and retrogressive succession. It also discusses Clements' model of succession involving nudation, invasion, ecesis, aggregation, competition, reaction, and stabilization. Finally, it outlines three major theories of climax communities - monoclimax, polyclimax, and climax pattern theory - and three models of succession - facilitation, tolerance, and inhibition.
ecological succession
Ecological succession describes how communities of plants and animals change over time in a particular area. There are two types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas without soil like after a volcanic eruption, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas with existing soil like after a forest fire. During primary succession, pioneer species like lichens and mosses establish first and help develop soil over time. Later stages see grasses and shrubs followed by trees. Secondary succession reestablishes ecosystems more quickly since soil remains intact, beginning with plants adapted to disturbed areas like fireweed before trees and other late stage species return. All succession leads eventually to a climax community of species best adapted to the local environment that will persist until
Ecological succession
This document discusses ecological succession. It defines succession as the process by which plant and animal communities change over time until a stable climax community is reached. There are two types of succession: primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous species like new sand dunes, and secondary succession, which occurs after a disturbance removes existing vegetation, like in abandoned fields. The stages of succession involve pioneer species first inhabiting the area and changing the environment, allowing new species to enter until a stable climax community is established. Videos and a worksheet on succession are assigned as homework.
Forest succession and stages ppt
Ecological succession describes the natural process of environmental change through which the species composition of an area evolves over time. Primary succession begins from abiotic conditions like newly exposed rock, while secondary succession follows disturbances that remove existing life but leave soil intact. Succession proceeds through stages as pioneer species establish and modify conditions, allowing more complex plants and wildlife to gradually occupy the area until a climax community develops. Forest succession in Oregon moves from lichen and moss pioneers to shrub, young forest, mature forest, and finally climax stages dominated by species like hemlock, pine and fir.
Plant succession
The gradual replacement of one community by another in the development of vegetation towards a climax is the culmination stage in plant succession for a given environment.
Succession
Ecological succession refers to predictable changes in the structure of a community over time. Primary succession occurs on new areas without soil, like after a volcano, where pioneer species establish and create soil for more complex plants. Secondary succession follows a disturbance, like a fire, that reduces an existing ecosystem and leaves soil intact, allowing the area to transition back to its original state. Succession proceeds through early, middle, and late stages as species composition changes from small, fast reproducing pioneers to longer-lived plants and animals of a mature ecosystem.
046 ecological succession
Succession is the natural, orderly change in plant and animal communities that occurs at the same place over a period of time. In all communities, the composition of species changes over a period of time. Ecological succession leads to species diversity as it progresses. Secondary succession generally occurs faster than primary succession and is more likely to actually occur than latter
Ecological succession & cycles of matter
Ecological succession describes how communities change over time through primary and secondary succession. Primary succession occurs in areas without soil, like new bare rock, where pioneer species establish and slowly transform the rock into soil over long periods. Secondary succession follows a disruption, like a forest fire, where the original community regrows through different stages. Mature communities tend to have greater biodiversity and are dominated by climax species well-adapted to the local environment. Cycles of matter, like carbon and nitrogen, are essential to life and involve exchanges between living things and their environment.
Succession Definitions
Ecological succession is the orderly progression of a vegetation community through developmental stages over time, eventually reaching a climax community. The key stages are:
1) Pioneer species first colonize the bare ground, exploiting the lack of competition. Moss and other low-growing plants are common pioneers.
2) After a few years, competition and environmental changes increase as the number of species grows. Soil develops, temperatures moderate, and nutrients rise with more complex food webs and larger herbivores present.
3) Further successional stages occur until a stable climax community is reached that is in equilibrium with the local climate and environment. In the UK, deciduous oak woodland is a common climax community
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Succession
Ecological succession is the process by which the composition or structure of a biological community evolves over time. There are two types of succession - primary succession, which occurs in environments without soil such as after a volcanic eruption, and secondary succession, which occurs in areas with existing soil such as abandoned farms. During primary succession, pioneer communities of organisms that can survive in harsh conditions are the first to colonize an area, followed by changes to more complex communities in a predictable order. Secondary succession follows a similar pattern on land that previously supported life.
Biology chapter 8 colonisation and succession in a pond
The document describes the stages of colonization and succession in a newly formed pond. It discusses four groups of plants: submerged plants, floating plants, amphibious plants, and land plants. Submerged plants are the pioneer species. As the pond develops, floating plants succeed submerged plants, blocking sunlight. Amphibious plants then succeed floating plants as the pond shallows. Finally, land plants establish as the pond dries up completely. There are five stages: pioneer stage, succession by aquatic plants, succession by amphibious plants, succession by land plants, and climax community formation.
8[2].2 the processes of colonisation & succession
This document describes the processes of colonization and succession in ecosystems. It provides examples of colonization and succession occurring in an unused mining pond and a mangrove swamp. In the pond, pioneer species like algae and submerged plants first colonize, improving conditions for floating plants, then amphibious plants, and eventually land plants. In the mangrove swamp, pioneer species like Avicennia and Sonneratia trap sediment, allowing succession by Rhizophora, then Bruguiera, building dry land over hundreds of years.
Biology Form 4: Chapter 8.2 Colonisation and Succession in an Ecosystem
Colonisation and succession occur in mangrove swamps. Pioneer mangrove species like Avicennia and Sonneratia are the first to colonize the muddy soil. They are replaced over time by successor species like Rhizophora and Bruguiera as the soil conditions improve. This process results in the distribution of different mangrove trees in different areas around river mouths. A similar process of colonisation and succession occurs in ponds, beginning with pioneer plants and progressing through stages dominated by aquatic floating plants, amphibious plants, herbaceous plants, and eventually woody plants, reaching a climax community.
Ecosystems 7 - Plant Succession Theories
The document discusses different theories of plant succession:
1) The classical theory suggests that climax vegetation reaches a steady state once established.
2) The monoclimax theory proposes that each region has one climax community determined by climate.
3) The polyclimax theory argues that many climax communities can exist in a region, controlled by factors like soil moisture and topography.
ECOSYSTEM
1) Ecosystem degradation diminishes species' ability to survive and is caused by deforestation, mining, habitat change, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change.
2) Ecological succession refers to predictable changes in community composition, such as hardwood trees replacing pine forests by outcompeting them for sunlight.
3) A food chain represents the transfer of energy between trophic levels from producers to primary, secondary and tertiary consumers and decomposers. Food webs show the complex interconnected food chains in an ecosystem.
Megatrend 7: ENVIRONMENTAL degradation
Did you know? A lot of evidence indicates that we are destroying the foundations of human life in our quest for prosperity. Yes, it’s true that we have become masters of the planet, but at the same time we have become the terror of the ecosystem. In fact, over the past few hundred years, we have been disturbing the ecological equilibrium of the planet to such an extent that the ability of the planet’s ecosystem to sustain future generations can no longer be taken for granted.
Maybe it's time to remember a fact that is so obvious it's easy to forget. We all depend on the natural resources of this planet for our livelihoods. The food we eat, the water we drink, the air we breath, the fuel we use, the timber in our house, the fibers in our cloth, are all products of Earths natural ecosystems. Honouring these systems will ensure our continued prosperity and well being. It's simple as this: if we look after nature, it will look after us.
Plant Succession
Plant succession refers to the natural orderly changes in plant and animal communities over time. If undisturbed, an open field may become a forest over 150-300 years. However, factors like soil, climate, topography, and natural or human disturbances can affect succession patterns. Succession progresses through stages from herbs to shrubs to young forest to mature forest and finally climax forest. Primary succession occurs on undeveloped land while secondary succession occurs on previously vegetated land disturbed by events like fires or logging.
Pyramids
This document summarizes different types of ecological pyramids including pyramids of numbers, biomass, and productivity. It explains that pyramids of numbers show the relative population sizes at each trophic level, while pyramids of biomass show the total mass of organisms. Pyramids of productivity represent the flow of energy through trophic levels, which typically decreases at each level as only 10% of energy is transferred. Examples are given of each type of pyramid along with their advantages and disadvantages. Key concepts around species, populations, communities, niches, habitats, and ecosystems are also defined. Different biotic interactions like competition, predation, symbiosis, commensalism and parasitism are briefly explained
Ecological pyramids
Each level in an ecological pyramid represents a level of producers or consumers in a food chain, with less available energy at each ascending level. Producers such as plants are at the bottom, while top carnivores are at the top with the least biomass due to the loss of energy at each transfer between trophic levels.
Ecological Succession
Ecological succession describes the process by which the species in an ecosystem change over time following a disturbance. It can be primary succession, which occurs on new surfaces like lava flows with no previous life, or secondary succession, which follows a disruption but not destruction of an existing community like after a forest fire. Succession proceeds as pioneering species like grasses establish and modify the environment, making it possible for other plants like shrubs and trees to grow and eventually form a stable community. Examples of succession include forests reestablishing on the island of Krakatoa after its 1883 eruption destroyed all life and sand dunes transforming into forests over time along shorelines.
Ecological Pyramids, Food Chain and Food Web
An Ecological Pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem.
Ecological succession
Ecological succession is the process of change in species composition of an ecological community over time. There are two main types: primary succession, which occurs in areas without previous life, and secondary succession, which occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem. Succession will continue through different stages as species colonize an area and change the environment, eventually reaching a climax community that is stable and able to reproduce itself until the next disturbance. Humans can impact ecological succession through activities like agriculture that clear land and disrupt existing ecosystems.
Environmental Degradation PPT
Presentation on Environmental Degradation
Its causes and effects on the environment
Awareness of environmental Degradation
Preventive Measures for environmental degradation
Ecological pyramids
Ecological pyramids graphically represent trophic structure in ecosystems. There are three main types: numbers pyramids show individuals per trophic level; biomass pyramids show mass per level; and productivity pyramids show energy flow between levels. Numbers pyramids typically have a broad base of producers and narrow top of apex predators. Biomass pyramids can be inverted in aquatic systems depending on species longevity. Productivity pyramids show only 10% of energy is transferred between trophic levels. Pollutants can biomagnify up food chains, becoming more concentrated and potentially toxic at higher levels.
Food Chains And Food Webs
Food chains and food webs describe how energy moves through an ecosystem. A food chain represents a single path of energy transfer between organisms, such as from berries to rabbits to foxes. A food web shows multiple interconnected food chains and demonstrates that most organisms obtain energy from many different sources. Producers, like plants, capture energy from the sun to start the process, while consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms, and decomposers break down waste to recycle nutrients and energy back into the system.
Ecology & Ecosystems
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Food chain,food web and ecological pyramids
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers, like plants, through consumers at different trophic levels, and explains the key levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are described as interconnected food chains that form a network of feeding relationships between species. Ecological pyramids illustrate the structure of ecosystems by depicting the numbers, biomass, or productivity at each trophic level, with producers at the base and top predators at the apex. Disturbances like bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemicals can disrupt ecosystem balance.
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Biology chapter 8 colonisation and succession in a pond
Biology chapter 8 colonisation and succession in a pond
Biology Form 4: Chapter 8.2 Colonisation and Succession in an Ecosystem
Biology Form 4: Chapter 8.2 Colonisation and Succession in an Ecosystem
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Disadvantages Of Eutrophication
The document discusses how phosphates can affect the growth of aquatic plants. Phosphates are common pollutants that enter lakes and rivers. Too much phosphate can lead to excess algae growth and harm the balanced lake environment. The author proposes an experiment to study how different concentrations of phosphates impact the growth of aquatic plants over time. The results could help better understand the effects of phosphate pollution on important hydrophytes and the overall lake ecosystem.
6th Grade Chapter 6
This document provides an overview of ecosystems and the relationships between living and non-living components. It defines an ecosystem as including all the organisms and non-living factors in an area interacting as a functional unit. It describes different ecosystem types and sizes, from small piles of leaves to the entire biosphere. Key abiotic factors that determine what organisms can survive in an ecosystem, like soil, temperature, water, and sunlight, are also outlined. Relationships within ecosystems, like populations of the same species and communities of interacting populations, are examined.
Factors that shape Ecosystems
Factors that shape an environment. Abiotic and Biotic, organisms niche, interactions between species in communities, succession (primary and secondary).
1. Ecosystems.pptx
This document provides an overview of ecosystems and biomes. It begins by defining an ecosystem as a group of organisms along with their physical environment. Ecosystems are made up of biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) factors. Biodiversity, or the variety of species in an ecosystem, determines how resilient the ecosystem is to change. Ecosystems go through successional changes over long periods of time as the environment and communities change. There are three main types of terrestrial biomes - tropical, temperate, and high-latitude - determined by factors like latitude and climate. Aquatic ecosystems include freshwater, wetlands, estuaries, and marine environments. The document concludes with a discussion of levels
Unit 6- Water and Succession review & answer key
The document provides definitions and review questions for a unit test on organisms and the environment. It defines key terms related to ecology, succession, habitats, populations, species, water, and sustainability. It also provides example questions and answers about primary and secondary succession, the goal of succession, impacts of fertilizer and groundwater use.
Ecology Presentation - Biology for CSEC.pdf
The document discusses ecology and ecosystems, providing details about a freshwater pond ecosystem. It describes the various habitats within a pond ecosystem, including the shore, surface film, open water, and bottom water. It explains the trophic levels and food chains, noting producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Interactions between species, such as mutualism, competition, and parasitism are also covered.
Water biomes and succession
Biomes are large groups of ecosystems that share similar climax communities. There are terrestrial and aquatic biomes. Aquatic biomes include marine and freshwater biomes. Marine biomes can be divided into photic and aphotic zones. Estuaries are where freshwater and saltwater mix, containing salt marshes that provide nursery habitats. Freshwater biomes include lakes and ponds with different zones based on depth and sunlight availability.
Ecological Succession.pptx
The main causes of ecological succession include the biotic and climatic factors that can destroy the populations of an area. Wind, fire, soil erosion and natural disasters include the climatic factors. Ecological succession is important for the growth and development of an ecosystem. It initiates colonization of new areas and recolonization of the areas that had been destroyed due to certain biotic and climatic factors. Thus, the organisms can adapt to the changes and learn to survive in a changing environment.
ECOSYSTEM -WPS Office.pptx
An ecosystem is a community of living things that interact with each other and their physical environment. It can include plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other organisms as well as non-living elements like weather and landscape. Ecosystems provide environments for organisms to live and they maintain balance through complex interconnections between living and nonliving components. Examples of ecosystems discussed include deserts, tundra, rainforests, oceans, savannas and swamps.
What is ecology
1) An ecosystem consists of all the living organisms (biotic factors) in a particular area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) parts like air, water, and mineral resources.
2) Primary succession occurs in new areas like land exposed by retreating glaciers, where pioneer species arrive first and help create conditions for later species.
3) Secondary succession follows disruptions to existing ecosystems, as earlier species are replaced over time, progressing towards a stable climactic community composition.
SCIENCE lesson quarter 2-- 2nd COT observation.pptx
Biotic factors are living things in an ecosystem like mangrove trees, migratory birds, and small fish. Abiotic factors are non-living things that affect organisms, including waves, salinity, temperature, sunlight, and soil type. The document discusses these factors in estuaries, where freshwater rivers mix with saltwater oceans. It provides examples of how mangroves and blue crabs have adapted to changing salinity. The assignment asks students to research an estuary plant or animal and create a poster about its adaptations and interactions in the estuary environment.
Freshwater in the world and in Ecuador
Freshwater biomes include lakes, ponds, rivers and streams. They provide many benefits to humans like drinking water, transportation, recreation and jobs. Rivers originate in mountains and flow into oceans, carrying plants and animals. Many species live in freshwater ecosystems, some relying on moving water. To help these biomes, people should conserve water, avoid pollution, and get involved in conservation efforts.
Biomes
Biomes are large groups of ecosystems that share similar climax communities. There are terrestrial and aquatic biomes. Terrestrial biomes include grasslands, tundra, forests, and deserts. Aquatic biomes include marine ecosystems in oceans and freshwater ecosystems in lakes and rivers. Biomes are defined by their abiotic factors like climate and biotic factors like the types of organisms present.
The Earth SystemEarth is the third planet from the sun in our so.docx
The Earth System
Earth is the third planet from the sun in our solar system. Earth orbits the sun in an elliptical (oval) path. Earth’s orbit is sometimes called the “Goldilocks zone.” Mercury and Venus travel too close to the sun to sustain life—they’re “too hot.” Planets beyond Earth travel too far from the sun—they’re “too cold.” But Earth is “just right.” (Note that there’s evidence that Mars—the Red Planet—once may have sustained microscopic life on its surface. However, conditions on the Red Planet no longer seem favorable.)
The term “Earth system” refers to the different processes and cycles that exist on the planet. All of these work together to sustain life. The four domains of the Earth system include the geosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. Let’s quickly review each of these.
Layers of Earth
(NASA public domain image)
The geosphere refers to the solid portion of the planet. It includes the rocks and minerals that make up the continents as well as the ocean floor. It also includes structures within Earth, including the liquid mantle and the dense, solid, metallic core. Nonliving surface ground layers, such as desert sands and volcanic rock, are part of the geosphere.
The hydrosphere includes all the water on or near Earth’s surface. The oceans are the major component of the hydrosphere. They make up 97 percent of the Earth’s water. Glaciers and polar ice caps make up about 2 percent of the hydrosphere. Only about 1 percent of the hydrosphere is made up of the liquid freshwater found in ponds, streams, rivers, lakes, and underground water reservoirs (aquifers).
Aquifers are the main freshwater source in America’s “breadbasket” states of the Midwest and Great Plains. (“Breadbasket” states get their name from the volume of wheat, a primary ingredient in bread, grown there.) The hydrosphere extends several miles above the surface of the planet into the atmosphere, mainly in the form of water vapor.
Water vapor is water in its gaseous state. Precipitation is water released from the clouds. It may take the form of rain, freezing rain, sleet, snow, or hail. It’s part of the water cycle.
For more information on the hydrosphere, follow this link: What is the HYDROSPHERE?
The atmosphere is the planet’s blanket. It allows living beings on the planet to breathe. It also protects us from the unfriendly features of the universe, such as meteors, cosmic radiation, and the effects of solar flares.
The atmosphere is made up of a variety of layers, as follows:
Earth’s Atmosphere
(NASA public domain image)
· The troposphere is the densest part of the atmosphere. It starts at Earth’s surface and extends upward from about 5 miles (in the higher or lower latitudes) to 9 miles (over the equatorial regions). Most of our weather takes place here.
· The stratosphere extends from the troposphere upward about 31 miles. The ozone layer, which protects the planet from solar ultraviolet radiation, is located in this region.
· The mesosph.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABILITY
INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABILITY 7
Ecosystems, food chain and natural cycles on earth. Need for sustainable design in the context of
anthropogenic activities. Climate change, ecological footprint, carbon footprint, loss of bio-diversity,
urban heat islands, energy crisis. Overview of sustainable development. Life cycle analysis. Cradle
to cradle concept
Different ecosystems
The document discusses different ecosystems and the flow of energy within ecosystems. It defines an ecosystem as a functional unit where living organisms interact with each other and the physical environment. It describes producers, consumers, and decomposers and their roles. Energy from the sun is captured by producers like plants through photosynthesis and passed through food chains and webs to consumers. At each transfer, most energy is lost as heat. Key ecosystems discussed include forests, deserts, mangroves, and oceans.
Ecosystems and biodiversity
This document discusses ecosystems and biodiversity. It begins by outlining the hierarchy of biological organization, from species up to biomes. It then lists some main ecosystem types and describes how geography, weather, climate and geology influence interactions within ecosystems. It distinguishes between abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors. Trophic levels and energy pyramids are explained. Several human impacts are discussed, such as increased nitrogen in the atmosphere, pollution of freshwater, depletion of stratospheric ozone, and acid rain. The importance of biodiversity and species roles within ecosystems is emphasized. Specific case studies focus on cockroaches, amphibian declines, sharks, and tigers.
Ecology 3
The document discusses key concepts in ecology, including the components and interrelationships within ecosystems. It describes the abiotic factors that influence ecosystems, such as climate and water cycles, and how energy and nutrients flow between biotic and abiotic components. It also outlines several major biomes and aquatic ecosystems, examining the characteristic environmental conditions and common organism inhabiting each.
Biodiiversity
The document discusses biodiversity and ecological factors that influence life on Earth. It defines biodiversity as the variety of life found within ecosystems, including genetic, ecosystem, and species diversity. It then describes the major kingdoms of life - bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, animals, and plants. It notes the large number of known and estimated species within each kingdom. Finally, it outlines various ecological factors like climate, topography, soil properties, and biotic interactions that influence the distribution and survival of organisms.
Aquatic ecosystemsppt
There are several types of aquatic ecosystems including freshwater ecosystems like lakes, rivers, and wetlands as well as marine ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems are important as they support biodiversity, provide breeding grounds, act as buffer systems, and are part of the water cycle. They can be altered by both natural processes like succession over time as well as human impacts like water pollution, excessive fertilizer use, industrial waste, and other forms of waste disposal.
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SUSTAINABLE DESIGN UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SUSTAINABILITY
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ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
Video Streaming: Then, Now, and in the Future
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Artificial Intelligence for XMLDevelopment
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of common terms used in context of Generative AI.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Succession 2009
- 5. The two types of Succession : Primary & Secondary
- 6. Primary succession occurs on essentially new substrata: water or land that has never been colonized before.
- 7. SUCCESSION THAT BEGINS ON A STERILE AREA WHERE CONDITIONS OF EXISTENCE ARE NOT AT FIRST FAVORABLE IS TERMED: PRIMARY SUCCESSION
- 8. Can you think of any examples where conditions for living organisms would be unfavorable at first?
- 9. VOLCANO ISLAND- when it starts nothing is living on it until stuff gets washed up on shore and life begins
- 10. MORE EXAMPLES: GLACIERS
- 12. So given the definition of Primary Succession, can you predict what secondary succession would be?
- 13. The term SECONDARY SUCCESSION refers to community development on sites previously occupied by well-developed communities, or succession where nutrients and conditions of existence are already favorable. Can you think of where some examples of this type of succession would take place?
- 14. FIRE- FLOODS- ABANDONED FARMLAND
- 15. Succession starts with a pioneer community : The first biotic factors that can survive and tolerate the abiotic conditions. PIONEER ORGANISMS: Bold enough to go where no organisms have gone before.
- 16. Pioneers: First organisms in ecosystem Examples: LICHEN (combo of algae and fungus), GRASSES
- 17. After a pioneer community is established nutrients increase along with other favorable abiotic and biotic factors that allow the ecosystem to continue to change into other developmental stages.
- 18. The various stages are called… SERAL STAGES Eventually the ecosystem will reach a steady state which is called a CLIMAX COMMUNITY
- 19. Examples of seral stages of succession:
- 21. Index Species
- 25. Try the B.I. Problems in your packet.
- 28. In this unit we are going to spend some time considering the primary succession of Sand dunes of Lake Michigan .
- 29. Illinois Beach State Park, a field trip through time!
- 31. Pictures of the Dead River
- 32. Looking west from the mouth of the river
- 33. Mr. Piskel jumps the mouth of the Dead River.
- 36. If succession of the ecosystem is taking place it should be reflected by the type of plants, the biodiversity and the biomass of the plants as we move away form the lakeshore (back in time)
- 38. Pictures of some of the different plants and animals we find.
- 39. Sand sunflower
- 40. Prickly Pear Cactus? Say what?
- 41. Beach Worm Wood
- 42. Kill Deer: Nest on ground, can you see the egg?
- 43. Rare Lake Michigan Monster washed up on beach
- 44. At first we were scared but it was very friendly
- 45. Creeping Juniper
- 46. Plantain
- 47. Bear berry
- 48. Sand Cress
- 49. Wild Rose
- 50. Cottonwood tree
- 51. Deer Feces, not raisins!