This document discusses sustainable agricultural production and agroecology. It begins by outlining the intensification discourse around needing to double food production by 2050 to feed a growing population. However, it argues this narrative is false and advocates for local solutions to the global food security problem. The document then discusses various agroecological practices and systems that can support sustainable intensification, including crop-livestock integration, agroforestry, and landscape-level approaches to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem service provision. It emphasizes co-creating knowledge with farmers and a transition towards more sustainable food systems.
Keynote speech by Mark Shepard on november 24, 2015 in Wageningen University, The Netherlands and on the Van Akker naar Bos (from Field to Forest) conference on november 28 2015
Regenerative Agriculture for small scale farmers in the sub-humid tropicsFMNR Hub
Tools and techniques to maximize profits and build resilient farming systems and improve natural resources management in Zambia
By Sebastian Scott – Grassroots Trust
Field Visit Observation Prepared and presented by
Meaza Melkamu (grouped with Birehanu and Sileshi)
ACT, Policy and Strategy Adviser
February 28, 2020
Hawassa, Ethiopia
Keynote speech by Mark Shepard on november 24, 2015 in Wageningen University, The Netherlands and on the Van Akker naar Bos (from Field to Forest) conference on november 28 2015
Regenerative Agriculture for small scale farmers in the sub-humid tropicsFMNR Hub
Tools and techniques to maximize profits and build resilient farming systems and improve natural resources management in Zambia
By Sebastian Scott – Grassroots Trust
Field Visit Observation Prepared and presented by
Meaza Melkamu (grouped with Birehanu and Sileshi)
ACT, Policy and Strategy Adviser
February 28, 2020
Hawassa, Ethiopia
Enhancing ecosystem services and indicatorsExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agroecology-symposium-china/en/
Presentation of Etienne Hainzelin, from CIRAD, on enhancing ecosystem services and indicators to measure ecosystem services. Examples are given from Brazil and the Sahel. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology in China, held in Kunming, China on 29-31 August 2016.
Small-Scale Cricket Farming in Ban Hathviangkham, LaosThomas Weigel
The End-of-Project Report describes and assesses outcomes and impacts of a small-scale cricket farming project with 16 women in Central Laos, and provides recommendations for the further development of cricket farming for improving livelihoods and food/nutrition security. The report concludes that small-scale cricket farming can be a sustainable livelihoods option in Laos and other countries, where edible insects are part of traditional diets.
The potential of regenerative agriculture for global climate regulation. Farming approaches, market potential, local carbon markets. Read more at www.regenerativedesigns.wordpress.com
This Project is all about agriculture techniques and ideas in which they can be sustained for future. Its main objective is to communicate about the methods and benefits of Sustainable Agriculture.
Thinking about the distant future allows us to go out of the box and to create room for social creativity and empathy. The technology survey, the social developments, the archetypal scenarios and the visions of the future in this study aim to boost the debate on the Dutch agro & food sector, especially in the domains where technological developments may have an impact. Taken together, these instruments form an important inspiration for further study, policy studies, innovation and a public debate.
An overview of the certified organic horticulture plots at the Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture near Poteau, Oklahoma. Organic practices such as cover crops, biochar, compost and compost teas, as well as variety trials., habitat for pollinators and no-till and biointensive beds.
Learn about Kerr Center programs, history and groundbreaking work defining sustainable agriculture and reaching out to farmers, ranchers, policymakers and consumers.
Cereals and pulses sustainable agri food systems under climate changeICARDA
Parallel oral thematic sessions II Cereals and pulses sustainable agri food systems under climate change (ICARDA session)
Organiser: Charles Kleinerman, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Contact: C.kleinermann(at)cgiar.org
Date: Thursday, 19.09.2019, 14:00 – 15:30 h
Main purpose of the Parallel oral thematic session:
Presentations in this session will show how current research conducted by ICARDA and its partners in the CWANA region can support a transition towards nutrition-sensitive and climate smart cereal-based agri-food systems under irrigated and rainfed conditions. We will show in particular how plant breeding, agronomy, livestock feeding and systems analysis can be combined to support this diversification and sustainable intensification of cereal-based agri-food systems.
Enhancing ecosystem services and indicatorsExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/agroecology-symposium-china/en/
Presentation of Etienne Hainzelin, from CIRAD, on enhancing ecosystem services and indicators to measure ecosystem services. Examples are given from Brazil and the Sahel. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology in China, held in Kunming, China on 29-31 August 2016.
Small-Scale Cricket Farming in Ban Hathviangkham, LaosThomas Weigel
The End-of-Project Report describes and assesses outcomes and impacts of a small-scale cricket farming project with 16 women in Central Laos, and provides recommendations for the further development of cricket farming for improving livelihoods and food/nutrition security. The report concludes that small-scale cricket farming can be a sustainable livelihoods option in Laos and other countries, where edible insects are part of traditional diets.
The potential of regenerative agriculture for global climate regulation. Farming approaches, market potential, local carbon markets. Read more at www.regenerativedesigns.wordpress.com
This Project is all about agriculture techniques and ideas in which they can be sustained for future. Its main objective is to communicate about the methods and benefits of Sustainable Agriculture.
Thinking about the distant future allows us to go out of the box and to create room for social creativity and empathy. The technology survey, the social developments, the archetypal scenarios and the visions of the future in this study aim to boost the debate on the Dutch agro & food sector, especially in the domains where technological developments may have an impact. Taken together, these instruments form an important inspiration for further study, policy studies, innovation and a public debate.
An overview of the certified organic horticulture plots at the Kerr Center for Sustainable Agriculture near Poteau, Oklahoma. Organic practices such as cover crops, biochar, compost and compost teas, as well as variety trials., habitat for pollinators and no-till and biointensive beds.
Learn about Kerr Center programs, history and groundbreaking work defining sustainable agriculture and reaching out to farmers, ranchers, policymakers and consumers.
Cereals and pulses sustainable agri food systems under climate changeICARDA
Parallel oral thematic sessions II Cereals and pulses sustainable agri food systems under climate change (ICARDA session)
Organiser: Charles Kleinerman, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)
Contact: C.kleinermann(at)cgiar.org
Date: Thursday, 19.09.2019, 14:00 – 15:30 h
Main purpose of the Parallel oral thematic session:
Presentations in this session will show how current research conducted by ICARDA and its partners in the CWANA region can support a transition towards nutrition-sensitive and climate smart cereal-based agri-food systems under irrigated and rainfed conditions. We will show in particular how plant breeding, agronomy, livestock feeding and systems analysis can be combined to support this diversification and sustainable intensification of cereal-based agri-food systems.
Short and comprehensive manual to extend your local matlab with a high performance computing cluster of NVidia tesla's 2070 graphical processing units.
Agroecology - the need for stakeholder collaborationSIANI
Presented by Pablo Tittonell at the seminar How to Feed Nine Billion within the Planet’s Boundaries - Agroecology for Food Security & Nutrition organised by the SIANI Expert group on Agriculture Transformation. Read more here: http://www.siani.se/expert-groups/agriculture-transformation-low-income-countries-under-environmental-change
David George of STC - Profiting from Sustainability Feedback Session April 2015Stevencann1
Presentation by David George of Stockbridge Technology Center at the Profiting from Sustainability Feedback Session in York organised by Future Food Solutions Ltd
Author: Sara J. Scherr, Ecoagriculture Partners. Part of the keynote address at the 2nd World Congress of Agroforestry in Nairobi, Kenya. 24 August 2009.
Is there anything wrong with genetically modified crops?BHU,Varanasi
As per United Nation’s projection the global population expected to become between 8.3 and 10.9 billion by 2050. While food production has increased accordingly, some 800 million people, primarily in the developing world, still do not have access to sufficient food. Forty thousand people die every day from malnutrition, over half being children under the age of 5. In addition to lack of food, deficiencies in micronutrients, such as vitamins and iron, leading to illness and death are widespread. To meet this challenge over the next 50 years, we must double-to-triple the production of food on, essentially, the same area of land in the face of decreasing water supplies and with respect to the environment. This will be made more difficult by the consequences of global warming, such as increased climatic variability, changing patterns of rainfall and new pests and diseases. At the same time there must be a cessation of wilderness erosion to protect biodiversity and maintain ecosystems. Since the 1970s, the world has also seen a revolution in our understanding of how organisms function at the molecular, biochemical and physiological level. An integral part of this revolution has been the development of technologies that allow the transfer of genes from one species to another using biotechnological tools and which has become an important field in the global market. Genetically modified (GM) crops involves the deliberate modification of plants and animals' genetic material using innovative recombinant DNA technology.It is believed that the application of biotechnology to agriculture—together with plant breeding and improved agricultural practice—may provide solutions to some of the challenges outlined above without jeopardizing the environment, cliamte, biodiversity and human well being . Feeding the increasing world population in a sustainable and nutritious manner is definite and commited role and at the same time assuming responsibility for fully evaluating any technology for future generations is another important task.As with many new technologies, people are keen to embrace the benefits but reluctant to accept potential risks. The manner of introduction of GM crops onto the market has led to widespread loss of public confidence, which has been exploited by non-representative groups and activists for their own political ends. Some hypothesised threats of GM crops to the environment are elevated as being more important than the security of mankind. And the future that the critics offer is bleak: hard-won knowledge is rejected in favour of ideology. They require an absolute safety guarantee for GM crops, but such a warranty cannot be given everything cannot be known about anything. There are mixed views, confusions and confidence about GM crops and their probable effect on soil-water-plant animal continuum system. Thus, a standard of absolute certainty will effectively stop the attainment of the benefits of this or any other technology.
Transforming Agri-food Systems to Achieve Healthy Diets for AllCGIAR
Challenges: Why Agri-Food Systems Need to Be Transformed
Opportunities: What Science Can Offer to Address these Challenges
The CGIAR partnership: Our Contribution to achieving the UN’s Sustainable Development Targets
Innovation, research, learning processes and transitions towards agroecologyExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/europe/events/detail-events/en/c/429132/
Presentation of Jean-François Soussana, from the Institute National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), outlining Innovation, research and learning processes and transitions towards agroecology. The presentation was prepared and delivered in occasion of the Regional Symposium on Agroecology in Europe and Central Asia, held in Budapest, Hungary on 23-25 November 2016.
Presenter: K. N. Bhatt
Title: Finger Millet for Nutrition, Health and Ecological Security: SFMI
Date: June 5, 2015
Venue: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
Sponsor: SRI-Rice
Presentation from Andre Leu, President of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). The presentation gives an overview of the organic alternatives to external inputs used for agricultural production, and was prepared and delivered in occasion of the International Symposium on Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, held at FAO in Rome on 18-19 September 2014.
What will it take to establish a climate smart agricultural world? Presentation on the problems, solutions and key challenges in Climate Smart Agriculture. Presentation made in the Wayamba Conference in Sri Lanka, August 2014.
Similar to Ecologisch ontwerpen voor onze toekomst (20)
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Predicting property prices with machine learning algorithms.pdf
Ecologisch ontwerpen voor onze toekomst
1. Former Chair Professor - Farming Systems Ecology Group
Wageningen University, The Netherlands
Sustainable agricultural production
and agroecology
Pablo Tittonell
National Coordinator Natural Resources and the Environment,
INTA, Argentina
Ecological intensification of
agricultural landscapes
Akker Naar Bos Congres – Bemmel, 9 December 2016
2. The intensification discourse
The world’s population will grow to 9 billion by
mid-century, putting substantial demands on the
planet’s food supply. To meet these growing
demands, we will need to grow almost twice as
much food by 2050 as we do today. And that
means we’ll need to use genetically modified
crops and other advanced technologies to
produce this additional food. It’s a race to feed
the world, and we had better get started.
By 2050:
• Population is expected to grow by 28%, from 7 to 9 billon
• Most of the growth expected in poorest regions (diets below average)
• About 3 to 4 billon people to eat better diets (mainly China and India)
• Food habits: plant based diet, less waste
• We have choices!
Where does the ‘doubling production’ discourse come from?
4. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Oman
NL BE
Contribution to world
production (%)
Average yield per country (t ha-1)
50
100
75
25
Kuwait
NZ
USA
China
Western
Europe
S Korea
Egypt
Sub-Saharan Africa,
South Asia &
Central America
Vietnam
India
12.5%
Turkey
Australia
Argentina
3.1
Brazil
Ukraine
Mexico
0.2%
Source: FAOSTAT 2014
15%
1.3 t/ha
Low yield
countries
High yield
countries
178 Mha
86 Mha
Land available
5. Food security requires local solutions to a global problem
American
corn belt
Rural Malawi
Biofuels
Food security
Availability
Access
Stability
Utilisation
Increasing homogeneity in global food supply (Khoury et al., 2014)
6. Red Meat
Fish
Milk
Fruit
Nuts and Seeds
Vegetables
Whole grains
Globally available food
(% of what we need)
568%
100%
154%
Murray (2014) Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
89%
42%
66%
51%
148%
Agroforestry
Photo credits: Project SAFE (INRA 2005) and P. Tittonell
Crop-livestock integration
Intensive smallholder dairy in Kenya (P. Tittonell 2005)
Nutrition-sensitive landscapes
Bulozi, Zambia
8. Sustainability
Hard targets vs. soft targets
How do we make such a soft concept operational?
Dimensions (Brundtland): social, environmental, economic
Indices: semi-quantitative assessments, scores, rankings
Indicators: principles, reference values, thresholds
The planetary
boundaries
Any form of agricultural intensification that contributes to trespassing
these boundaries, and/or that jeopardizes the ability of future
generations to feed themselves can be considered unsustainable
Axiom
11. African bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera)
The Bt treadmill
Figure 1. Frequencies of cry2Ab resistance alleles in H.
punctigera from cropping populations.
Recognizing that protoxins can be more potent than activated toxins against resistant
insects may help to enhance and sustain the efficacy of transgenic Bt crops.
12. Herbicide use increases
and resistance is widespread
Return to older, more problematic herbicides
Stacked traits and new recommendations will increase total herbicide use
Facilitates resistance by increasing selection pressure
Critical juncture for
sustainable weed mgmt.
Integrated
weed
management
Replace more-toxic herbicides
Reduce total amount of herbicide use
Simplify and improve weed management
Unlikely weeds would develop resistance
Herbicide-resistant weeds
Dave Mortensen
Ecology Inter College Graduate Degree Program and
Department of Plant Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, dmortensen@psu.edu
Moving forward
- or -
backward?
Trans-gene
facilitated
pes cide
treadmill
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Year
FarmerAdoption(%)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Glyphosate Resistant Soybean Adoption
Glyphosate Usage
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Year
FarmerAdoption(%)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Glyphosate Resistant Soybean Adoption
Glyphosate Usage
90 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Year
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
HerbicideActiveIngredient(tons)
te Resistant Soybean Adoption
te Usage
90 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Year
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
HerbicideActiveIngredient(tons)
te Resistant Soybean Adoption
te Usage
18. Ecological infrastructure in agricultural landscapes
Effect of habitat loss is more important than the effect of pesticide use
Before
pesticide
application
Crop
After
pesticide
application
Border BorderCrop
Predatorabundance(#)
Predator abundance (Varni et al., 2007)
Granivore foliage
gleaners
Ground nesting Granivore
foliage gleaners
Insectivore foliage
gleaners
Insectivore aerial foragers
and salliers
Occupancy
Goijman, 2014
Estructura del borde vs. diversidad de artrópodos consumidos
Counts
How to design an ideal landscape? (Zaccagnini et al., 2014)
19. Landscape-level innovation
Ecosystem services from linear landscape elements
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity
Greater species diversity (Zacagnnini et al., 2013)
Homogeneous
HeterogeneousMammals
Amphibians
Birds
Arthropods
Richness
21. Ekoland
Innovatieprijs
2013
High yielding organic cereal production in The Netherlands
Practice Planting
density
Weight 1000
seeds
Plants/m2
at tillering
Ears/m2 Grain yield
(t/ha)
Current 200 52 111 277 6.7
Adapted 60 60 84 317 7.7
Adapting management practices for organic wheat
29. Rice-ducks-fish-azolla - Indonesia
Khumairoh et al., 2012
Building upon local agroecological knowledge
Rice yield (t ha-1) at increasing levels of complexity
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Rice Rice +
ducks
Rice +
compost
Rice +
ducks +
fis
h
Rice +
compost
+ azolla
Rice +
ducks +
compost
Rice +
ducks +
fish +
compost
Rice +
ducks +
compost
+ azolla
Rice +
ducks +
fish +
compost
+ azolla
Assessing greenhouse gas emissions
(T. del Rio, 2014)
Air ammonia concentration at 3 sampling dates
Nutritional ‘carrying capacity’ of each system
(G. Garnacho Alemany, 2014)
30. Large scale rice-fish polycultures (Argentina)
• 900 ha rice-fish system (and growing)
• Use of a local fish species (Pacú)
• Water and nutrient recycling
• Agrochemical-free rice (9 t/ha)
• Native grasses to outcompete weeds (Echinocloa)
• Processing and cooling facilities
• Challenge: reduce dependence on sojabean
31. A conventional farmer
purchasing pesticides
An agroecological farmer
inspecting his intercrop
Comunicación e imágen
Photo: Steve Sherwood Photo: Clarin Rural
Estancia Laguna Blanca, Entre Rios, Argentina
Ecological farming on 3000 ha
Agroecology can also be high-tech!
e.g. nanotechnology solutions
32. Tools
Four action areas to support transitions
DialogueEvidence
Practice
change Guidance
Policies
Regulations
Standards
Financing
Inclusiveness
Joint action
Homologate metrics
Negotiate tradeoffs
Awareness raising
Innovation networks
Efficient/solidary markets
Capacity building
Institutions
Co-creation of knowledge
Impact assessment
Foresight/monitoring
Options and Indicators
Capacity building
Virtuous
circle
33. Thanks for your attention
www.concienciaambiental.org
www.pablotittonell.net
Pablo Tittonell
Coordinador Programa Nacional Recursos Naturales,
Gestión Ambiental y Ecorregiones
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)
EEA Bariloche
Modesta Vitoria 4450, CC 277
8400 San Carlos de Bariloche
Río Negro, Argentina
Tittonell.pablo@inta.gob.ar
www.agroecologycourses.org
36. Philip Morris vs. Uruguay
Switzerland-based tobacco giant is suing Uruguay over
cigarette packaging restrictions
(limits on space for branding unfairly infringes on intellectual property rights)
37. Before After
Minas Gerais, Brazil
Extreme poverty (%) in Brazil, 1990-2008
FAO, 2010
Zero hunger program
Targeted actions
A national policy on agroecology
38. “People in China, who with brain and brawn,
have successfully and continuously sustained
large families on small areas without
impoverishing their soil. ”
580
600
620
640
214
305
407
505 431
531
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1961 1969 1977 1985 1993 2001 2009 2017 2025
Grain(millionton)
Year
Grain demand
Grain production
Population
The challenge of feeding an increasingly urban population
张强
黑龙江农科院
中国农大
吉林农科院
吉林农大
中国农大
中国农大
中国农大 河北农科院
河北农大山东农大
青岛农大南京农大
安徽科技学院 安徽农科院浙大
华中农大
南亚所
中国农大
海南大学
四川农科院
西南大学
山西农科院内蒙古农大
西北农林大学
甘肃农科院
石河子大学
河南农大
云南农大
已建小院 23
在建小院 13
四川农大
广西大学
Stepwise approach: productivity, efficiency, incomes, diversification
Fu-Suo Zhang
Images were taken in March 27, 2004
0.1 to 0.3 ha per family
Credits: F. Zhang
The case of China
39. Ecosystem services in the Norrström
basin
39
Mapping bundles of ecosystem services
in the Norrström basin, Sweden
Queiroz et al., 2015
42. Ecosystem services
The ´cascade´ model (Haines-Young and Potschin, 2009)
Intermediate and final services (Fisher and Turner, 2009)
Biophysical
structures or
processes Ecological
functions
Ecosystem
services
Benefits
(Value)Intermediate products
Final products
Intermediate services Final services Benefits
e.g.
Water regulation
Pollination
Soil formation
e.g.
Clean water provision
Constant flow
Storm regulation
e.g.
Drinking water
Recreation
Property protection
Ecosystem services and their spatial
characteristics (Costanza, 2008)
43. A tipping point?
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Argentina Brazil
Lha-1yr-1
Use of agrochemicals (FAO Stat)
Agrochemical use in Argentina (1997-2013) CASAFE
Editor's Notes
Add potato mixtures yield
We found 5 different types of municipalities. These types are characterized by a certain set of ecosystem services.
There are 2 kinds of municipalities with cropland but one has more livestock and one with a higher concentration of horses. There are 2 types of municipalities with a lot of forest and forest products, but one of them has more moose hunting and higher nutrient retention. And the urban municipalities have a high concentration of recreational activities.
Now how closely municipalities fit the category they are in can reveal opportunities for the potential of the kinds of services they can produce.