Blue Star Engineering & Electronics Ltd provides advanced technology products as well as turnkey engineering solutions that cater to several industries across the country. We manufacture healthcare systems like MRI & CT Scan Machines, Testing machines, NDT and industrial automation systems like AEPS, Metrology, UPI payment and much more.
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree. It describes the design and development of a lower limb exoskeleton aimed at helping paraplegics and spinal cord injury patients. The exoskeleton uses 4 DC motors, 2 at the hip joints and 2 at the knee joints, along with spring-loaded ankle joints. It is attached to the user via straps and is intended to provide actuation of the hip and knee joints through a controlled algorithm to approximate natural walking. Currently it requires the use of 2 crutches for stability but future plans include adding modes for standing, sitting, stair climbing and detecting user intention automatically.
This document discusses cardiac MRI (CMRI) and its clinical applications. CMRI provides anatomical and functional information to assess heart abnormalities through various sequences like ECG-gated bright and dark blood sequences. It is useful for evaluating congenital heart diseases, valvular heart diseases, ventricular function, coronary arteries, myocardial perfusion and viability, cardiac masses, and pericardial diseases. CMRI is more accurate than echocardiography for measuring ejection fraction, volumes, and assessing ventricular function and viability. It is useful for differentiating conditions like arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, restrictive vs constrictive cardiomyopathy, and determining feasibility of revascularization procedures.
Nuclear medicine radiology revision notesTONY SCARIA
Nuclear medicine uses radiopharmaceuticals and imaging techniques like PET and SPECT scans to assess organ function and detect diseases. Some key applications include using F-18 FDG PET scans to identify cancer metastases based on increased glucose metabolism in malignant cells, Tc-99m sestamibi scans to detect myocardial ischemia, Tc-99m DMSA renal scans to assess kidney function, and somatostatin receptor imaging with radiolabeled octreotide to localize neuroendocrine tumors. PET provides superior detection of bone metastases compared to bone scans or whole-body MRI. Important considerations for nuclear medicine exams include selecting the appropriate radiotracer and ensuring normal blood glucose levels for oncology FDG PET scans
The document discusses radiographic imaging of the soft tissue neck. It describes how to position patients for anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral x-ray views of the neck. For AP views, the patient stands facing the cassette with their midline and cervical spine centered, shoulders level, neck extended, and chin tucked. The central ray is directed horizontally at the C4 vertebra level. Lateral views require similar positioning but with the patient's side facing the cassette. Exposure parameters are also provided.
Nuclear imaging techniques such as SPECT and PET can be used for a variety of applications in cardiology including detecting coronary artery disease, assessing left and right ventricular function, diagnosing cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, and evaluating cardiac transplant patients. These techniques involve injecting radioactive tracers that are taken up by viable heart muscle and imaging their distribution to create 3D maps of myocardial perfusion. Stress testing with exercise or pharmacological agents can identify ischemia. Summaries of scans can provide prognostic information and guide management decisions such as revascularization. Assessment of viability is important for determining which patients with left ventricular dysfunction may benefit from revascularization procedures.
History of ICDs (Internal Cardiac Defibrillators)Jose Osorio
ICDs have been available since the 80s for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. The advancements are quite amazing, with a reduction in size from >250cc to less than 40cc, ease of implantation, safety and longevity.
Bone scintigraphy uses radiolabeled phosphonates injected intravenously to evaluate bone formation. It produces whole body images of tracer distribution in the skeleton. Increased uptake indicates elevated osteoblastic activity such as might occur with fractures, tumors, or metastases. The scan has high sensitivity but low specificity for bone abnormalities, so findings must be interpreted in clinical context. It is useful for detecting skeletal involvement by cancer or other bone diseases.
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Engineering degree. It describes the design and development of a lower limb exoskeleton aimed at helping paraplegics and spinal cord injury patients. The exoskeleton uses 4 DC motors, 2 at the hip joints and 2 at the knee joints, along with spring-loaded ankle joints. It is attached to the user via straps and is intended to provide actuation of the hip and knee joints through a controlled algorithm to approximate natural walking. Currently it requires the use of 2 crutches for stability but future plans include adding modes for standing, sitting, stair climbing and detecting user intention automatically.
This document discusses cardiac MRI (CMRI) and its clinical applications. CMRI provides anatomical and functional information to assess heart abnormalities through various sequences like ECG-gated bright and dark blood sequences. It is useful for evaluating congenital heart diseases, valvular heart diseases, ventricular function, coronary arteries, myocardial perfusion and viability, cardiac masses, and pericardial diseases. CMRI is more accurate than echocardiography for measuring ejection fraction, volumes, and assessing ventricular function and viability. It is useful for differentiating conditions like arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, restrictive vs constrictive cardiomyopathy, and determining feasibility of revascularization procedures.
Nuclear medicine radiology revision notesTONY SCARIA
Nuclear medicine uses radiopharmaceuticals and imaging techniques like PET and SPECT scans to assess organ function and detect diseases. Some key applications include using F-18 FDG PET scans to identify cancer metastases based on increased glucose metabolism in malignant cells, Tc-99m sestamibi scans to detect myocardial ischemia, Tc-99m DMSA renal scans to assess kidney function, and somatostatin receptor imaging with radiolabeled octreotide to localize neuroendocrine tumors. PET provides superior detection of bone metastases compared to bone scans or whole-body MRI. Important considerations for nuclear medicine exams include selecting the appropriate radiotracer and ensuring normal blood glucose levels for oncology FDG PET scans
The document discusses radiographic imaging of the soft tissue neck. It describes how to position patients for anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral x-ray views of the neck. For AP views, the patient stands facing the cassette with their midline and cervical spine centered, shoulders level, neck extended, and chin tucked. The central ray is directed horizontally at the C4 vertebra level. Lateral views require similar positioning but with the patient's side facing the cassette. Exposure parameters are also provided.
Nuclear imaging techniques such as SPECT and PET can be used for a variety of applications in cardiology including detecting coronary artery disease, assessing left and right ventricular function, diagnosing cardiomyopathy and myocarditis, and evaluating cardiac transplant patients. These techniques involve injecting radioactive tracers that are taken up by viable heart muscle and imaging their distribution to create 3D maps of myocardial perfusion. Stress testing with exercise or pharmacological agents can identify ischemia. Summaries of scans can provide prognostic information and guide management decisions such as revascularization. Assessment of viability is important for determining which patients with left ventricular dysfunction may benefit from revascularization procedures.
History of ICDs (Internal Cardiac Defibrillators)Jose Osorio
ICDs have been available since the 80s for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. The advancements are quite amazing, with a reduction in size from >250cc to less than 40cc, ease of implantation, safety and longevity.
Bone scintigraphy uses radiolabeled phosphonates injected intravenously to evaluate bone formation. It produces whole body images of tracer distribution in the skeleton. Increased uptake indicates elevated osteoblastic activity such as might occur with fractures, tumors, or metastases. The scan has high sensitivity but low specificity for bone abnormalities, so findings must be interpreted in clinical context. It is useful for detecting skeletal involvement by cancer or other bone diseases.
A novel fast time jamming analysis transmission selection technique for radar...IJECEIAES
The jamming analysis transmission selection (JATS) sub-system is used in radar systems to detect and avoid the jammed frequencies in the available operating bandwidth during signal transmission and reception. The available time to measure the desired frequency spectrum and select the non-jammed frequency for transmission is very limited. A novel fast time (FAT) technique that measures the channel spectrum, detects the jamming sub-band and selects the non-jammed frequency for radar system transmission in real time is proposed. A JATS sub-system has been designed, simulated, fabricated and implemented based on FAT technique to verify the idea. The novel FAT technique utilizes time-domain analysis instead of the wellknown fast Fourier transform (FFT) used in conventional JATS sub-systems. Therefore, the proposed fast time jamming analysis transmission selection (FAT-JATS) sub-system outperforms other reported JATS sub-systems as it uses less FPGA resources, avoids time-delay occurred due to complex FFT calculations and enhances the real time operation. This makes the proposed technique an excellent candidate for JATS sub-systems.
IRJET- FPGA based Processor for Feature Detection in Ultra-Wide Band RadarIRJET Journal
This document describes an FPGA-based processor for feature detection in ultra-wide band radar. It discusses using an FPGA for fast parallel signal processing of UWB radar signals. The system uses a multi-channel ADC and delay method to achieve high resolution. The FPGA implements algorithms like wavelet transforms and FFTs to extract information about targets, including range, velocity, and distinguishing between stationary and moving targets. Hardware components include an amplifier, power divider, delay line, ADC to digitize signals, and an FPGA to process the digital signals and detect features of targets.
This document provides a hardware description and specifications for the EM406GPS-UAV Development Platform Version 2.9. It summarizes that the board replaces an older version and uses upgraded LISY300AL gyros and an EM406 SiRF III GPS receiver. The board features a dsPIC30F4011 microcontroller with capabilities well-suited for controlling a 3-axis UAV, including PWM outputs, analog inputs, and interrupt processing. It also includes 3-axis gyros and accelerometers to measure rotation and acceleration.
This document presents the design of a 4th order continuous-time bandpass sigma-delta modulator operating at 280 MHz for digitizing narrowband signals at 70 MHz. A novel transconductance amplifier was developed with high linearity at high frequencies. Simulation results show the modulator achieves a signal-to-noise ratio of 55 dB over a 5 MHz bandwidth while consuming 25 mW of power. The modulator uses a Gm-C loop filter and was implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process.
This document describes the design and analysis of an implanted low profile antenna for biomedical applications. The antenna is designed to operate at 6 GHz for use in remote health monitoring systems. It has dimensions of 41.5mm by 29mm and is printed on a Rogers substrate. Simulation software was used to analyze the antenna's radiation pattern, return loss, VSWR, gain, and impedance. The results show good performance with a return loss of -44dB at the operating frequency. This compact implantable antenna could be suitable for various biomedical applications like monitoring blood pressure and glucose levels.
IRJET-Proportional Resonant Controller with Resonant Harmonic Compensators fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proportional resonant controller with resonant harmonic compensators for a three-phase seven-level diode-clamped multilevel inverter. The controller aims to produce sinusoidal output voltage with low total harmonic distortion even with nonlinear loads, and provide good transient response to load changes. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. A proportional resonant controller with additional resonant controllers at the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics is designed. Diode-clamped multilevel inverters generate voltage levels through a split DC bus capacitor arrangement.
Advanced lock in amplifier for detection of phase transitions in liquid crystalsIAEME Publication
This document describes an advanced lock-in amplifier designed using a C8051F060 microcontroller. A lock-in amplifier is used to detect small signals buried in noise. The designed system uses the microcontroller's on-chip ADC and DAC to perform signal processing and detection. It can detect signals in the frequency range of 10Hz to 100kHz. The system was tested on a photoacoustic spectrometer to detect phase transitions in a liquid crystal compound. It was able to detect secondary transitions not observed previously with other instruments.
IRJET- Design & Analysis of Microstrip Antenna in Spiral Structure for Me...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a spiral microstrip patch antenna for potential medical applications. Key points:
- The antenna is designed to operate in the 2.4-2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical frequency band for applications like telemedicine.
- Electromagnetic simulations show the antenna resonates at 2.4 GHz with a return loss of -25 dB, bandwidth of 0.83%, and directivity of 1.95 dB.
- The antenna has a compact size of 29mm x 21mm x 1.63mm, omni-directional radiation pattern suitable for on-body and off-body use, and narrow bandwidth required for medical applications.
- Future work involves
anritsu mp1800a Анализатор качества сигнала BERonlinestuden
Тест битовых ошибок BER
детектор ошибок до 10мВ;
измерения BER до 32х каналов;
Функции измерений для PON, усилителей EDFA
4PAM/8PAM генератор 32.4PAM BER;
IRJET-Weather Radar Range Velocity Ambiguity Analysis using Staggered PRTIRJET Journal
The document discusses the staggered pulse repetition time (SPRT) algorithm used to mitigate range and velocity ambiguities in Doppler weather radars. SPRT works by decreasing velocity aliasing while extending radar coverage using alternating longer and shorter pulse repetition times. There were three main issues in implementing SPRT: 1) providing adequate clutter filter suppression, 2) resolving overlaid echoes, and 3) obtaining quality Doppler estimates with low variance. Spectral filtering techniques helped address clutter filtering and estimate quality. Ensuring the shortest PRT unambiguous range encompassed expected weather ranges helped address overlaid echoes. SPRT allows independently selecting the unambiguous velocity and range, equivalent to a uniform PRT, improving weather monitoring with radar.
Low Peak to Average Power Ratio and High Spectral Efficiency Using Selective ...theijes
This document proposes a low complexity peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using selective mapping (SLM). It describes how all pass filters can be used to generate alternative OFDM sequences with different phase rotations, reducing computational complexity compared to the conventional SLM method which uses inverse fast Fourier transforms. Simulation results show the proposed method using all pass filters with length U=2 provides over 4dB of PAPR reduction while maintaining similar bit error rate performance as conventional SLM.
This document summarizes a system for classifying cardiac arrhythmias using an ultra-low-power microcontroller. Key points:
- It implements a complete beat-to-beat arrhythmia classification system on a custom microcontroller, including an analog front-end to acquire ECG signals and a digital back-end to execute an SVM classification algorithm.
- The system achieves 13.1 μW power consumption from a 1.8V supply. It was prototyped on a 28nm FD-SOI chip measuring 3.1mm2.
- The digital back-end uses feature selection and separate SVM classifiers to distinguish between normal heartbeats, supraventricular ectopic beats,
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
1) Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is an advanced function generator that can generate a wide range of frequencies with high precision and low distortion.
2) A DDS uses a fixed clock frequency and phase accumulator to generate waveforms at different output frequencies. It stores waveform points in a lookup table and outputs approximations of the waveform.
3) DDS has advantages over traditional function generators as it can easily change frequency using only digital controls and has applications in signal generation, mixing, and frequency synthesis.
A Two Channel Analog Front end Design AFE Design with Continuous Time ∑-∆ Mod...IJECEIAES
In this context, the AFE with 2-channels is described, which has high impedance for low power application of bio-medical electrical activity. The challenge in obtaining accurate recordings of biomedical signals such as EEG/ECG to study the human body in research work. This paper is to propose Multi-Vt in AFE circuit design cascaded with CT modulator. The new architecture is anticipated with two dissimilar input signals filtered from 2-channel to one modulator. In this methodology, the amplifier is low powered multi-VT Analog Front-End which consumes less power by applying dual threshold voltage. Type -I category 2 channel signals of the first mode: 50 and 150 Hz amplified from AFE are given to 2nd CT sigmadelta ADC. Depict the SNR and SNDR as 63dB and 60dB respectively, consuming the power of 11mW. The design was simulated in a 0.18 um standard UMC CMOS process at 1.8V supply. The AFE measured frequency response from 50 Hz to 360 Hz, depict the SNR and SNDR as 63dB and 60dB respectively, consuming the power of 11mW. The design was simulated in 0.18 m standard UMC CMOS process at 1.8V supply. The AFE measured frequency response from 50 Hz to 360 Hz, programmable gains from 52.6 dB to 72 dB, input referred noise of 3.5 µV in the amplifier bandwidth, NEF of 3.
Short Range Radar System using Arduino UnoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a short range radar system using an Arduino Uno. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor to detect objects within 180 degrees and up to 250cm. The Arduino transmits pulse signals to the ultrasonic sensor and calculates distance based on the echo return time. Distances are sent to MATLAB via UART communication and displayed graphically. The system is able to continuously monitor and detect obstacles in a short range area.
IRJET- Grid Connected Third Harmonic Injection PWM in a Multilevel Invert...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a grid connected system that uses a three phase DC-AC inverter to convert regulated DC power from renewable sources into AC power suitable for connection to the grid. It uses third harmonic injected pulse width modulation (THIPWM) techniques to reduce harmonic distortion and total harmonic distortion (THD). A P+ multi resonant controller is used to compensate voltage harmonics and synchronize the inverter voltage with the grid voltage. Simulation results validate the developed model and show that THIPWM increases the inverter efficiency while the proportional resonant controller reduces harmonic distortion. The document also discusses the design of selective harmonic compensators to compensate the 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonics and reduce THD to below 5% as required by
The document discusses a hybrid phase shift beamforming technique that combines true time delay and phase shift approaches to mitigate beam squint over wide bandwidths. This technique is well-suited for 5G communications and wideband radar applications by improving accuracy and sensitivity. A comparison is made between traditional electronic phase shifters and proposed photonic integrated optical phase shifters, finding advantages in the optical approach such as wider bandwidth, higher resolution, lower power consumption and faster switching. Challenges with conventional electronic beamforming are outlined along with specifications for a proposed hybrid photonic/electronic architecture intended to overcome these limitations and enable applications such as indoor 5G and radar beam steering.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
A novel fast time jamming analysis transmission selection technique for radar...IJECEIAES
The jamming analysis transmission selection (JATS) sub-system is used in radar systems to detect and avoid the jammed frequencies in the available operating bandwidth during signal transmission and reception. The available time to measure the desired frequency spectrum and select the non-jammed frequency for transmission is very limited. A novel fast time (FAT) technique that measures the channel spectrum, detects the jamming sub-band and selects the non-jammed frequency for radar system transmission in real time is proposed. A JATS sub-system has been designed, simulated, fabricated and implemented based on FAT technique to verify the idea. The novel FAT technique utilizes time-domain analysis instead of the wellknown fast Fourier transform (FFT) used in conventional JATS sub-systems. Therefore, the proposed fast time jamming analysis transmission selection (FAT-JATS) sub-system outperforms other reported JATS sub-systems as it uses less FPGA resources, avoids time-delay occurred due to complex FFT calculations and enhances the real time operation. This makes the proposed technique an excellent candidate for JATS sub-systems.
IRJET- FPGA based Processor for Feature Detection in Ultra-Wide Band RadarIRJET Journal
This document describes an FPGA-based processor for feature detection in ultra-wide band radar. It discusses using an FPGA for fast parallel signal processing of UWB radar signals. The system uses a multi-channel ADC and delay method to achieve high resolution. The FPGA implements algorithms like wavelet transforms and FFTs to extract information about targets, including range, velocity, and distinguishing between stationary and moving targets. Hardware components include an amplifier, power divider, delay line, ADC to digitize signals, and an FPGA to process the digital signals and detect features of targets.
This document provides a hardware description and specifications for the EM406GPS-UAV Development Platform Version 2.9. It summarizes that the board replaces an older version and uses upgraded LISY300AL gyros and an EM406 SiRF III GPS receiver. The board features a dsPIC30F4011 microcontroller with capabilities well-suited for controlling a 3-axis UAV, including PWM outputs, analog inputs, and interrupt processing. It also includes 3-axis gyros and accelerometers to measure rotation and acceleration.
This document presents the design of a 4th order continuous-time bandpass sigma-delta modulator operating at 280 MHz for digitizing narrowband signals at 70 MHz. A novel transconductance amplifier was developed with high linearity at high frequencies. Simulation results show the modulator achieves a signal-to-noise ratio of 55 dB over a 5 MHz bandwidth while consuming 25 mW of power. The modulator uses a Gm-C loop filter and was implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS process.
This document describes the design and analysis of an implanted low profile antenna for biomedical applications. The antenna is designed to operate at 6 GHz for use in remote health monitoring systems. It has dimensions of 41.5mm by 29mm and is printed on a Rogers substrate. Simulation software was used to analyze the antenna's radiation pattern, return loss, VSWR, gain, and impedance. The results show good performance with a return loss of -44dB at the operating frequency. This compact implantable antenna could be suitable for various biomedical applications like monitoring blood pressure and glucose levels.
IRJET-Proportional Resonant Controller with Resonant Harmonic Compensators fo...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proportional resonant controller with resonant harmonic compensators for a three-phase seven-level diode-clamped multilevel inverter. The controller aims to produce sinusoidal output voltage with low total harmonic distortion even with nonlinear loads, and provide good transient response to load changes. The system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. A proportional resonant controller with additional resonant controllers at the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics is designed. Diode-clamped multilevel inverters generate voltage levels through a split DC bus capacitor arrangement.
Advanced lock in amplifier for detection of phase transitions in liquid crystalsIAEME Publication
This document describes an advanced lock-in amplifier designed using a C8051F060 microcontroller. A lock-in amplifier is used to detect small signals buried in noise. The designed system uses the microcontroller's on-chip ADC and DAC to perform signal processing and detection. It can detect signals in the frequency range of 10Hz to 100kHz. The system was tested on a photoacoustic spectrometer to detect phase transitions in a liquid crystal compound. It was able to detect secondary transitions not observed previously with other instruments.
IRJET- Design & Analysis of Microstrip Antenna in Spiral Structure for Me...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a spiral microstrip patch antenna for potential medical applications. Key points:
- The antenna is designed to operate in the 2.4-2.45 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical frequency band for applications like telemedicine.
- Electromagnetic simulations show the antenna resonates at 2.4 GHz with a return loss of -25 dB, bandwidth of 0.83%, and directivity of 1.95 dB.
- The antenna has a compact size of 29mm x 21mm x 1.63mm, omni-directional radiation pattern suitable for on-body and off-body use, and narrow bandwidth required for medical applications.
- Future work involves
anritsu mp1800a Анализатор качества сигнала BERonlinestuden
Тест битовых ошибок BER
детектор ошибок до 10мВ;
измерения BER до 32х каналов;
Функции измерений для PON, усилителей EDFA
4PAM/8PAM генератор 32.4PAM BER;
IRJET-Weather Radar Range Velocity Ambiguity Analysis using Staggered PRTIRJET Journal
The document discusses the staggered pulse repetition time (SPRT) algorithm used to mitigate range and velocity ambiguities in Doppler weather radars. SPRT works by decreasing velocity aliasing while extending radar coverage using alternating longer and shorter pulse repetition times. There were three main issues in implementing SPRT: 1) providing adequate clutter filter suppression, 2) resolving overlaid echoes, and 3) obtaining quality Doppler estimates with low variance. Spectral filtering techniques helped address clutter filtering and estimate quality. Ensuring the shortest PRT unambiguous range encompassed expected weather ranges helped address overlaid echoes. SPRT allows independently selecting the unambiguous velocity and range, equivalent to a uniform PRT, improving weather monitoring with radar.
Low Peak to Average Power Ratio and High Spectral Efficiency Using Selective ...theijes
This document proposes a low complexity peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems using selective mapping (SLM). It describes how all pass filters can be used to generate alternative OFDM sequences with different phase rotations, reducing computational complexity compared to the conventional SLM method which uses inverse fast Fourier transforms. Simulation results show the proposed method using all pass filters with length U=2 provides over 4dB of PAPR reduction while maintaining similar bit error rate performance as conventional SLM.
This document summarizes a system for classifying cardiac arrhythmias using an ultra-low-power microcontroller. Key points:
- It implements a complete beat-to-beat arrhythmia classification system on a custom microcontroller, including an analog front-end to acquire ECG signals and a digital back-end to execute an SVM classification algorithm.
- The system achieves 13.1 μW power consumption from a 1.8V supply. It was prototyped on a 28nm FD-SOI chip measuring 3.1mm2.
- The digital back-end uses feature selection and separate SVM classifiers to distinguish between normal heartbeats, supraventricular ectopic beats,
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
1) Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) is an advanced function generator that can generate a wide range of frequencies with high precision and low distortion.
2) A DDS uses a fixed clock frequency and phase accumulator to generate waveforms at different output frequencies. It stores waveform points in a lookup table and outputs approximations of the waveform.
3) DDS has advantages over traditional function generators as it can easily change frequency using only digital controls and has applications in signal generation, mixing, and frequency synthesis.
A Two Channel Analog Front end Design AFE Design with Continuous Time ∑-∆ Mod...IJECEIAES
In this context, the AFE with 2-channels is described, which has high impedance for low power application of bio-medical electrical activity. The challenge in obtaining accurate recordings of biomedical signals such as EEG/ECG to study the human body in research work. This paper is to propose Multi-Vt in AFE circuit design cascaded with CT modulator. The new architecture is anticipated with two dissimilar input signals filtered from 2-channel to one modulator. In this methodology, the amplifier is low powered multi-VT Analog Front-End which consumes less power by applying dual threshold voltage. Type -I category 2 channel signals of the first mode: 50 and 150 Hz amplified from AFE are given to 2nd CT sigmadelta ADC. Depict the SNR and SNDR as 63dB and 60dB respectively, consuming the power of 11mW. The design was simulated in a 0.18 um standard UMC CMOS process at 1.8V supply. The AFE measured frequency response from 50 Hz to 360 Hz, depict the SNR and SNDR as 63dB and 60dB respectively, consuming the power of 11mW. The design was simulated in 0.18 m standard UMC CMOS process at 1.8V supply. The AFE measured frequency response from 50 Hz to 360 Hz, programmable gains from 52.6 dB to 72 dB, input referred noise of 3.5 µV in the amplifier bandwidth, NEF of 3.
Short Range Radar System using Arduino UnoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a short range radar system using an Arduino Uno. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor mounted on a servo motor to detect objects within 180 degrees and up to 250cm. The Arduino transmits pulse signals to the ultrasonic sensor and calculates distance based on the echo return time. Distances are sent to MATLAB via UART communication and displayed graphically. The system is able to continuously monitor and detect obstacles in a short range area.
IRJET- Grid Connected Third Harmonic Injection PWM in a Multilevel Invert...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a grid connected system that uses a three phase DC-AC inverter to convert regulated DC power from renewable sources into AC power suitable for connection to the grid. It uses third harmonic injected pulse width modulation (THIPWM) techniques to reduce harmonic distortion and total harmonic distortion (THD). A P+ multi resonant controller is used to compensate voltage harmonics and synchronize the inverter voltage with the grid voltage. Simulation results validate the developed model and show that THIPWM increases the inverter efficiency while the proportional resonant controller reduces harmonic distortion. The document also discusses the design of selective harmonic compensators to compensate the 3rd, 5th and 7th harmonics and reduce THD to below 5% as required by
The document discusses a hybrid phase shift beamforming technique that combines true time delay and phase shift approaches to mitigate beam squint over wide bandwidths. This technique is well-suited for 5G communications and wideband radar applications by improving accuracy and sensitivity. A comparison is made between traditional electronic phase shifters and proposed photonic integrated optical phase shifters, finding advantages in the optical approach such as wider bandwidth, higher resolution, lower power consumption and faster switching. Challenges with conventional electronic beamforming are outlined along with specifications for a proposed hybrid photonic/electronic architecture intended to overcome these limitations and enable applications such as indoor 5G and radar beam steering.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Supermarket Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
Supermarket management is a stand-alone J2EE using Eclipse Juno program.
This project contains all the necessary required information about maintaining
the supermarket billing system.
The core idea of this project to minimize the paper work and centralize the
data. Here all the communication is taken in secure manner. That is, in this
application the information will be stored in client itself. For further security the
data base is stored in the back-end oracle and so no intruders can access it.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
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OOPS_Lab_Manual - programs using C++ programming language
Echelon-Smart-Brochure
1. FCP-E511 Printed in Japan 2021-03-XK-(D)
ECHELON, ECHELON Smart, Sentinel, Sentinel Analytics and FatSep are registered
trademarks or trademarks of FUJIFILM Healthcare Corporation in Japan and other
countries. Lumada is registered trademarks or trademarks of Hitachi, Ltd. in Japan and
other countries. Pentaho is a registered trademark or trademark of Hitachi Vantara LLC
in Japan and other countries.
●Specifications and physical appearance may change without prior notice. ●Please
refer to the "operation manual" and the related documents for appropriate use of this
product. ●DICOM is the registered trademark or trademark of the National Electrical
Manufacturers Association in the United States for its standards publications relating to
digital communications of medical information. ●The products is a CLASS 2 LASER
PRODUCT.
2-16-1, Higashi-Ueno, Taito-ku, Tokyo, 110-0015, Japan
https: //www.fujifilm.com/fhc/en
2. ECHELON Smart heralds the dawn of
a new standard for 1.5T superconductive MRI.
The ECHELON Smart features a small footprint and limited cost, without
compromising diagnostic quality and speed.
Based on our proprietary technology, this system has opened up the
potential for 1.5T systems, providing superb image quality and superior
install flexibility inherited from permanent-magnet MRI systems.
ECHELON Smart offers new options for superconductive MRI.
1. SmartCOMFORT
2. SmartQUALITY
3. SmartSPEED
4. SmartECO
5. SmartSPACE
ECHELON
1 2
Smart
CONTENTS
3. %
REDUCTION
01 SmartCOMFORT
Patient-friendly
Quiet Examination
Various technologies exist to reduce MRI imaging noise.
However, low-noise MRI systems often compromise
on image quality or extend imaging time, making them
unsuitable for routine use.
Other approaches need special hardware that prevents their
widespread acceptance.
Our SmartCOMFORT noise reduction technology reduces
the acoustic noise by up to 96%†.
† Varies with the imaging conditions.
SmartCOMFORT
OFF
SmartCOMFORT
ON
Principleofimagingnoisereduction
The gradient magnetic field waveform is given by the product of the applied current and
application time. This waveform also changes the sound quality.
Gradient magnetic field pulse forms and frequency components
Gradient
magneticfield
strength
T
rapezoidal
Triangular
0
0
.
5
1
2
1
.
5
0 0
.
5 1 1
.
5 2 2
.
5
Time (ms)
Gradient
magneticfield
strength
T
rapezoidal
Triangular
05
0
0 1
0
0
0 1
5
0
0 2
0
0
0 2
5
0
0
Frequency (Hz)
1
0
.
8
0
.
6
0
.
4
0
.
2
0
3 4
Our noise reduction technology has minimal impact on image
contrast or imagingtime.
With SmartCOMFORT, the gradient magnetic field pulse form has been changed and the
imaging parameters adjusted, keeping a balance between the imaging time, contrast, image
SN ratio, and spatial resolutionto reduce any impact the noise reduction technologymay have.
Changing the waveformof the gradient magnetic field changes
the frequencycharacteristics.
SmartCOMFORT can be used together with the motion
artifactreduction technology,RADAR†
.†RADialAcquisitionRegime
Example of RADAR +SmartCOMFORT image
4. To boost your productivity, ECHELON Smart offers features
that streamline workflow and enhance throughput, such as
AutoPose and Parameter Guidance function for easy and fast
operation. Fast scan capabilities and robust scan techniques
to reduce re-scanning contribute to shorter scan times, and
on-console analysis functions reduce the transfer time of
data to the workstation. With the SmartSPEED feature, your
operational efficiency is improved.
Reduction of
T
otal Examination Time
03 SmartSPEED
02 SmartQUALITY
Superb Image Quality Realized b
y Sophisticated T
ec
hnologies
EnterMRI room ExitMRI room[Smart] ExitMRI room[Conventional]
Time
[Conventional]
5 6
[Smart]
The advanced specification of MRI sub-systems makes the most important impact
on the delivery of image quality without compromise. ECHELON Smart is equipped
with powerful sub-systems which includes the SmartENGINE which supports high
quality imaging and high performance RF system to empower robust imaging
technologies.
5. It is often a matter of concern whether there is sufficient
space in the equipment room for a superconductive MRI
system installation.
ECHELON Smart has an extended cable length between the
main MRI gantry and the power unit in the equipment room.
This enables flexible layouts that can remove some of the
hurdles faced when introducing an MRI system.
7 8
05 SmartSPACE
Small Footprint and
Flexible Layout
04 SmartECO
Ecological with
Economical Running Cost
Superconductive MRI systems generally command high running costs.
This cost is mainly related to the high power consumption of the cooling system
necessary to maintain superconductivity.
ECHELON Smart is equipped with an energy saving function that can stop the
cooling system for a certain length of time during periods of non-use or on non-
consultation days.
This function effectively reduces the power consumption whilst maintaining zero
boiling off of the helium.
Moreover, as the heat emission from the cooling system itself also decreases
during these periods, the power consumption of its heat-dissipating unit is also cut.
1
7
%LESS
6. Smart
APPLICATION
All AroundRADAR
PlaqueImaging
isoFSE
BeamSat T
OF
V
ASC-ASL
BSI
FatSep
H-Sinc
TIGRE
T2*RelaxMap/
R2* RelaxMap
Smart
IMAGE GALLERY
Smart
OPERA
TION
Coil System
AutoPose
User Interface
SuggestionUI
Smart
HARDW
ARE
SmartENGINE
16chReceiverSystem
High
Performance
Gradient System
High
Performance RF
System
ECHELON
9 1
0
Smart
CONTENTS
Attain"high image quality"and"high speed" in
clinical practice with the combination of
our applications, operations, and hardware.
7. isoFSE is a high-speed 3D imaging function for isovoxels. The flip
angles of refocus pulses of FSE are varied to suppress the influence
from signal strength fluctuations of MultiEchoes and enable high-
definition 3D imaging. The optimization of these application patterns
results in high contrasts achieved with T1WI, T2WI, and FLAIR images.
The high spatial resolution volume data acquired in imaging can be
used to reconstruct images of any cross-section in MPR processing.
isoFSE
High-definition 3Dimagingmade possible by
optimizingRF application patterns
Reconstruction available for any cross-section
Appl i c a ti on/ E CHEL ON S ma r t
Addition of hemodynamicinformationto TOF
Pencil-beam type pre-saturation (BeamSat) pulses based on the
application of local excitation are used in TOF imaging to selectively
suppress some of the blood flow signals required for identification of
the hemodynamics.
If imaging is conducted with BeamSat pulses specified for a target
blood vessel, the flow signals of that vessel can be suppressed, and
the dominant region can be identified. BeamSat pulses can be set to
arbitrary positions and angles using a special GUI. The positions of
BeamSat pulses can be set freely with respect to a target vessel.
Subtraction of images with and without BeamSat pulses can be
displayed in a reversed black-and-white image to visualize it as in
MR-DSA.
BeamSatT
O
F†
Greater visibilityof hemodynamic changes,
for example, due tostenosis.
Without BeamSat With BeamSat
RADAR OFF 2:32 RADAR ON 2:42
Effects of RADARinTOF MRAandGrE T2*WI
RADAR has been applied to GrE sequences using a high-precision
signal correction technology. This has enabled the combined use of
RADAR in all sequences required for routine head examinations.
RADAR OFF 4:28 RADAR ON 4:49
TOF MRA
RADAROFF 4:23(withoutsynchronization) RADAR ON 4:53(without synchronization)
TOF MRA
FSE T2WI
RADAR OFF 2:24 RADAR ON 2:39
SE T1WI
RADAR mitigates motion artifacts enhancing ease of use when
imaging with many sequences, all receiver coils, and arbitrary
cross-sections. RADAR can be used in combination with high-
speed imaging. ECHELON Smart supports TOF and GrE sequences
and is compatible with the combined use of RADAR for most of the
sequences required for routine head examinations, thus realizing
"All Around RADAR."
AllAroundRADAR
CombineduseofRADARinsequencesrequiredfor
routineheadexaminations
RADAR
Many coils/oblique
Free sequences
Compatible with
high-speed imaging Compatible with TOF/GE
[Routine head imaging] Newly added
TOF T2*WI
T1W1 T2W1 FLAIR PDI DWI
RADAR
RAPID
All Around
RADAR
High-precision control of pre-saturation
pulses using the spiral-type two-
dimensionalexcitation method
[BeamSat pulse excitation chart
(schematicdiagram)]
RF
Gy
Gx
Time
Beam-formpre-saturationpulse realized
byahighsystemperformance
[BeamSat pulse excitationprofile]
Y
X
FA
Subtraction image
(reversed black-and-white image)
[Special GUIfor BeamSat] BeamSat pulse setting example
Inthe BeamSatdisplay, the continuous line on the left ICA
represents a nearer part and the broken SAGcross-section: Position contacting
line a part farther than the scanogram; nasal root/sella turcica
thehatchedpartis a cross-sectionbetween AX cross-section: Position contacting
a BeamSat and a scanogram. pyramid/clivus
Diagnosis of carotid artery plaque characteristics requires an MR
image with high T1 contrast.
PlaqueImaging†
For diagnosis of plaquecharacteristics
The asynchronous RADAR-SE method By normalizing the ROIsignal strength to
to which Radial Scan has been applied a reference, the SIR Map displays a color
maintains a constant TR without influence map of signal strength ratios. Applying
from pulsation, and can conduct imaging this to Plaque Imaging could facilitate
with a high T1 contrast appropriate for diagnosis of the plaque characteristics.
diagnosisofplaquecharacteristics.
RADAR-SE
TR:500ms,TE:15ms
Asynchronous RADAR-SEmethod
MRIplaque imaging ofthe carotid artery
200
H
e
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
e
150
Lipid
120
Fibrous
100
SIR Map
Color map ofthe carotid artery plaque
ROI
† Optional
1
1 1
2
Reference
Smart
APPLICA
TION
Applicationswhichenhance the usefulness of head and thoraco-abdominal images.
8. Using the difference in resonant frequencies betweenwater and fat protons
due to chemical shifts, both water and fat images can be acquired in one
round of imaging. FatSep acquires data when the MR signals of water and
fat are respectively in-phase and out-of-phase, and adds or subtracts them
togeneratewaterandfatimages.
FatSep can output images according to a degree of change in magnetic
susceptibility. If there is a greater change in magnetic susceptibility, Fine
mode can be selected to give a high-definition phase map and enhance
the image quality. FatSat FatSep Normal FatSep Fine
TIGRE principle diagram
H-sinc
Number of
Dummy segments
Phase encoding
The use of TIGRE enables dynamic imaging in organs such as the
liver. The large fat component in the abdomen and breast regions
require high-precision fat suppression. We have realized uniform fat
suppression effects and dynamic imaging in the abdomen and breast
through combined use of high uniformity of the static magnetic field
and H-Sinc which corrects for RF non-uniformity.
Slice encoding
Out of phase Water image
In phase Fat image
Principle of fat/
water separation
measurement
FatSep
Fat suppression method resistant tochanges in
magneticsusceptibilityusingfrequencydifferences
between water andfat
Wide-range, stable fat suppression with H-Sinc
Uniform RF radiation is one element required to achieve a high fat
suppression effect. In general, achieving uniform RF radiation in a large
FOV is difficult. H-Sinc applies more than one CHESS pulse to realize fat
suppression, minimizing the impact from non-uniform RF radiation. A
stable fatsuppression effect can be achieved even over a large range.
H-Sinc
H-Sinc method
Comparison of
remaining fat signals
Conventional
CHESS method
H-Sinc pulse part This sequence part
GC
RF
H-Sinc
Fatsuppressionmethodresistanttonon-uniformRFradiation
Breast TIGRE image
Abdominal dynamic image (TIGRE)
TIGRE
Acquisitionofclearimagesw
ithhigh-precisionfatsuppression
This function can map the distribution of T2* values to improve the visibility of
iron deposition in liver tissue. A special sequence based on the GRE method
(ADAGE)is availabletoacquireMultiEchoimagesusedtoautomaticallycalculate
T2*values.Whenanalysisis conductedontheconsole, a colormapofthese T2*
values is superimposed on a morphological image to create a T2*RelaxMap.
Youcan also create an R2 (Relaxation rate) map based on 1/T2*values. The
relative color display of an area with shortened T2*values can be used as
a quantitative evaluation of iron deposits.
T2*RelaxMap/R2*RelaxMap
†
Color mapdisplayof T2*values toimprove
the visibilityof iron deposition
Examples of BSI (minP) images
High-speed, high-resolution 3D T2*WI imaging is used to acquire
images that sensitively reflect differences in magnetic susceptibility.
Our BSI offers high-speed imaging due to EPI measurement.
Venous blood and hemorrhage cause loss of signals in T2* images
due to BOLD (blood-oxygen level dependent) effects. BSI performs
minimum intensity projection (minIP) processing and superimposes
phase information to further increase the contrast of images.
Image acquisitionby sensitively reflecting
differences inmagnetic susceptibility
BSI(BloodSensitiveImaging)
†
VASC-ASL is a non-contrast imaging method that can visualize fast
blood flow in the renal artery and portal vein in the abdomen. This
feature visualizes blood flows labelled with IR pulses using the 3D BASG
sequence and does not require ECG/pulse wave synchronization.
Selectively applying IR pulses upstream in the blood vessels to be
visualized and acquiring images when the blood flow is Null enables the
incoming labelled blood flow to be visualized as Black Blood. Therefore,
by capturing images twice with selective IR pulses ON and OFF and
acquiring a subtraction image, blood flows labelled with IR pulses will be
visualized as a high-intensity area.
(a) Portal veins (b) Renal arteries
Examples of VASC-ASL images
IR pulse OFF
IR pulse ON
Subtraction
image
V
ASC-ASL(V
einsandArteries SansContrast-Arterial SpinLabeling)
Visualization of fast blood flow
inrenal arteries and portal veins
Appl i c a ti on/ E CHEL ON S ma r t
Fat Water
T2* RelaxMap
RF
Echo
Anatomical image
Signal
strength
Anatomical +
T2* value image
T2* coefficient
MultiEcho sequence and Echo count
T2* attenuation
Smart
† Optional
1
3 1
4
APPLICA
TION
10. for abdomen for joints
WorkflowCoil System
for head & neck for spine
AutoPose
Ha r d / ECHEL ON S ma r t
Slice line setting can be time-consuming even for experienced operators. AutoPose helps
you to determine the slice line more quickly and accurately. Following the acquisition
of a scanogram, the AutoPose process takes one or two seconds to move the slice line
automatically to the preset cross-section. During the acquisition of a sensitivity map, fine
manual adjustment of the slice line can be performed, ready for imaging to start.
AutoPose
Operationtimereducedwithassistanceforselectingtheimagingcross-section
[Slice line preset window]
This function is available immediately after installation
using registered preset cross-section settings that suit the
needs of your medical institution.
[AutoPose slice line]
The one or two second AutoPose processing sets the slice
line according to the cross-section setting registered for
your medical institution.
Time
Traditional
method
Scanogram T1WI
T2WI
T2WI
T1WI
Scanogram
Sensitivity map
Acquisition sequence
Sensitivity map
Acquisition sequence
Fine
adjustment
AutoPose
Manual positioning
Positioning
time
reduced
An easy-to-use interface is available.
SuggestionUI
Supports change of imagingconditions
This function provides guidance for parameter settings. During protocol change, several
candidates are displayed to allow the operator to select the parameter most appropriate for
that particular scenario.
UserInterface
Streamlines setting and changing of protocols
Smart
OPERA
TION
A comprehensive range of features thatstreamline operation
for greater diagnostic performance
T
o boost your
productivity, ECHELON
Smart offers features
thatstreamline workflow
and enhance throughput,
such as AutoPose and
Parameter Guidance
function for easy and
fast operation.
Workflowcoil system Setting examples
The number of receiver coils that must be set prior to the examination is minimized to
reduce replacement time and effort. With a system designed for ease of use and with
the adoption of special receiver coils for individual regions, significant reduction in
examination time is attained whilst maintaining high image quality.
W
orkflowCoil System
Receiver coils supporteaseofpatientsetting andoffer superbimagequality
[Head and neck examination]
[Spine examination]
- Head and neck coil
[Spine examination]
- Head and neck coil (posterior side) +
WIT spine coil
[Abdomenexamination]
-Head and neck coil [posterior side] +
WIT spine coil +Flex body upper coil
[Extremity examination]
-Head and neck coil [posterior side] +
WIT spine coil +GP flex coil
1
7 1
8
11. The ECHELON Smart is powered by a high-speed A/D converter (Analog to Digital
Converter) which directly digitizes the high frequency signal, suppressing noise to enhance
image quality. It also incorporates an optimum image synthesizing technique allowing the
precise adjustment of the image synthesis ratio taking into account the noise correlation
during composition of signals from the elements to improve the total image SN ratio by
8%† and thus provide excellent clinical images.This technology is particularly effective
for multi-channel receiver coils in which the coil elements are segmented.
† Varies by receiver coil and imaging conditions.
SmartENGINE
Optimizing the image SN ratio on multi-channel receiver coils
The elements of the receiver coils have been downsized to double the number of receiver channels
from 8 to 16. This has improved the receiver sensitivity, achieved a high image SN ratio, and
realized low-noise receiver from multi-channel receiver coils in the abdomen and other regions,
for which independent receiver was not possible using an 8-channel system. When the RAPID
high-speed imaging function is used, the greater the number of receiver coil elements, the more
redundantly the expansion information can be obtained. This ensures stable imaging.
16chReceiverSystem
Doubling the number of receiver coils to improve the reception
sensitivity andstability during high-speed imaging
Shortening the TE (echo time) for signal receiver is essential for achieving high-speed imaging,
excellent MRA images, and high-performance imaging. ECHELON Smart's powerful gradient
magnetic field system with a high slew rate power supply of 130mT/m/s can shorten the gradient
magnetic field stabilization time and consequently can further shorten the minimum TE.
Furthermore, this slew rate is sufficient to support super-high speed sequences such as EPI that
generate echo signals continuously. By reversing the gradient magnetic field, it is effective for
imaging that requires high-speedswitching without influencing the image quality.
ch2
BL1 BL2 BL3 BL4
BL5 BL6 BL7 BL8 ch1
ch3
SL4 SL3 SL2 SL1
ch4
ch5
SL8 SL7 SL6 SL5 ch
6
ch
7
SL12 SL11 SL10 SL9 ch8
SL16 SL15 SL14 SL13
BL1 BL2 BL3 BL4
BL5 BL6 BL7 BL8 ch1 ch9
ch2 ch1
0
ch3 ch1
1
SL4 SL3 SL2 SL1
ch4 ch1
2
ch5 ch1
3
SL8 SL7 SL6 SL5 ch6 ch1
4
ch7 ch1
5
SL12 SL11 SL10 SL9 ch8 ch1
6
SL16 SL15 SL14 SL13
HighPerformanceGradientSystem
Highslew rate compatiblewithhigh-speedandhigh-performance imaging
ECHELON Smart is equipped with an RF power output of 18 kW. This is sufficient to provide
clear images without deterioration of image quality even in the FSE sequence that applies
refocus pulses continuously.
HighPerformanceRFSystem
RFpoweroutputthatensuresstablemaintenanceofradiationwaveforms
Flex body upper coil
8-channel receiver system
ECHELON Smart
16-channel receiver system
WIT spine coil
A total of 24 elements are bundled into
8 channels
A total of 24 elements are bundled into
16 channels
Smart
HARDWARE
Our technologies enhance image quality
Ha r d / ECHEL ON S ma r t
16-channel receiver coil imaging setting
Stabilization time
Sufficient RF power
Insufficient RF power
prolonging radiation
intervals
9
0
°
9
0
°
1
8
0
°
1
8
0
°
RF
RF
Gradient
magneticfield
waveform
Gradient
magneticfield
waveform
Example of super-high speed
sequence (EPI)
High slew rate
・
・
・
・
・
・
Low slew rate
Echo time: TE
Stabilization time
Echo time: TE
ECHELON Smart is
1
9 2
0
equipped with powerful
sub-systems which
includes the SmartENGINE
which supports high
quality imaging and high
performance RF system to
empower robust imaging
technologies.
12. (†1)
Sentinel Analytics
Improving the uptime through failure sign diagnosis
Failure sign diagnostics
Sentinel Analytics
Major features and advantages
Achieving higher uninterrupted system availability and optimizing maintenance costs remain challenges for
conventional remote support services for medical devices. We have accumulated and analyzed Big Data to
develop a new system that utilizes its "Failure Sign Diagnosis Service" to launch "Sentinel Analytics," a failure
sign diagnostic service for superconductive MRI systems.
With the failure sign diagnosis based on IoT (†2), the inspection and parts replacement cycles can be optimized and the system's up time can be improved.
Constantsystemmonitoring
The Sentinel server monitors the system status 24hours a day.
Automaticnotificationfeature
When the Sentinel server detects either a malfunction or a lowered performance of the system,
an alert is automatically reported to our service site. This helps to prevent the occurrence of a
malfunction. Furthermore, a corrective measure is quickly taken in case of malfunction.
Directconnectionfeature
This feature provides service via direct connection of the service site and your system.To track
down the causes of a malfunction, we check artifacts and abnormal images, check image data
before reconstruction (raw data)and run test programs on the system.
Security
Such features as encryption of communication data and communication based on mutual
authentication are available to protect patient information. Furthermore, the specification does not
allow recognition of personal information included in Patient Lists and images (such as an patient's
name, sex,weight, age, and date of birth) on the Sentinel server and the Service Site.
Conceptual diagram of Sentinel Analytics
Collect data from systems
through IoT/M2M(†3)
Highlyaccuratefailure signdiagnostics
Adoption of Lumada (†5)
Sensordata
Predictive
maintenance
Sampled data
Collection
Sentinel
Fire wall
Fire wall
Fire wall
Customer's site
Our service personnel
Automatic notification mail
Server site
Sentinel browser
Monitoring information check, System status screen
operation diagnosis, etc.
Server group
Monitoring information
collection, information control,
communication control
Whenerrorisdetected
Servicesite
BigData Machinelearning
Internet
2
1 2
2
Dataaccumulation
Pentaho(†4)
†1 Service contract is required.
†2 IoT (Internet of Things) : A system in which various devices with communication functions exchange information via the Internet to realize identification, monitoring, and
control of such devices.
†3 M2M (Machine-to-Machine) : A system of direct exchange of information between machines via a network without human intervention.
†4 Pentaho : Big Data analysis software available from Hitachi Vantara LLC.
†5 Lumada : Lumada is Hitachi's IoT Core Platform.