This document provides an overview of the Ebola virus, including its epidemiology, virology, transmission, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, current situation, prevention and conclusion. It discusses how Ebola was first discovered in 1976 and the current 2014 outbreak in West Africa. It describes the virus taxonomy and species. It explains the virus damages blood vessels leading to bleeding, affects organs like the liver and causes circulatory failure. Current research is evaluating vaccines to prevent and treat Ebola virus disease.

1. A LOOMING THREAT ON HUMANITY……

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EPIDEMIOLOGY
3. ABOUT VIRUS
4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
6. SYMPTOMS
7. DIAGNOSIS
8. CURRENT SCENARIO
9. PREVENTION AND CURE
10.CONCLUSION
11. REFERENCES
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4.  Ebola virus disease (EVD) formerly known Ebola Hemorrhagic
Fever (EHF) is a Zoonotic disease caused by ebola virus
named after a river in the Congo where it was first found
often fatal disease in humans & non human
primates(monkeys,gorillas & chimpanzees)
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5. EPIDEMIOLOGY
First appeared in 1976 in 2 simultaneous outbreak
1.Nzara, Sudan
2.Democratic Republic Of Congo
Current outbreak in West Africa (March 2014)
most severely affected countries Guinea , Sierra
Leone & Liberia
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6. Cont… 6

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8. ABOUT VIRUS
 Order: Mononegavirales
Family: Filoviridae
Filum in Latin =thread like
Genus : Ebola virus
Species: 5 species identified
I. Zaire virus
II. Sudan virus
III.Tai forest ebola virus
IV.Bundibugyo virus
V. Reston virus
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10. Mode of Transmission 10

11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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Ebola Virus
Immune
System
Vascular
System
Infects
Dendritic
Cells
Macrophages
Endothelial
cells
Disables IFN System
Triggers Coagulation
Inflammatory Proteins
Nitric oxide
Leakage of blood
Hypotension
Shock
Damage lining of Blood
vessels
Leaky
1O
3O
2O

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Affects organs
Liver (Destroy production of
coagulation proteins)
Adrenal gland
(Destroy cells that
makes steroids)
GI tract (Diarrhoea)
Circulation
failure
Disables regulation
of BP

14. Evasion from Immune System
Ebola Virus
Down regulation of type 1 IFN
Epitope masking due to
glycosylation of the viral envelope
Down regulation of co-stimulatory
molecules CD40 CD80
MHC class-2 dysregulated immune
responsesUncontrolled viral
replication
aaaa
Acquired immunity
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16. Acute stage: 1.virus isolation using vero E6 cell lines
2. RT-PCR
3. ELISA
Later stage: 1. IgM & IgG ELISA using authentic viral antigens
2. in case of death autopsy tissue can be used using
(a) antigen detection using immunostaining technique
(b) immunohistochemical technique for detection of viral RNA
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DIAGNOSIS

17. CURRENT SCENARIO
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18.  Evaluation of vaccines is taking place in many countries like Europe
,Canada, Kenya, Gabon & Mali
expected testing in west Africa will be started in January 2015
2 vaccines are in the pipeline of drug discovery process
(a) Chimpanzee adenovirus serotype 3 (ChAD3-ZEBOV)
(b) Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV_ZEBOV)
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PREVENTION
AND
CURE

20. CONCLUSION
The Ebola virus has become an
unwelcome reminder that, for all its
advances, modern medicine has yet to
win the war against infectious diseases.
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21. REFERENCES
Ansari, Aftab A. "Clinical features and pathobiology of Ebolavirus
infection."Journal of autoimmunity (2014).
Mahanty, Siddhartha, and Mike Bray. "Pathogenesis of filoviral
haemorrhagic fevers." The Lancet infectious diseases 4.8 (2004): 487-
498.
Ramanan, Parameshwaran, et al. "Filoviral immune evasion
mechanisms."Viruses 3.9 (2011): 1634-1649.
Bausch, Daniel G., et al. "Treatment of Marburg and Ebola
hemorrhagic fevers: a strategy for testing new drugs and vaccines
under outbreak conditions."Antiviral research 78.1 (2008): 150-161.
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