hi in this presentation i will tell you about introduction,properties,prevention,treatment as well as lab workup of corona virus

1. Corona virus
Dr Zainab

2. Overview
• Introduction to Corona virus
• Structure of virus
• Important properties
• Pathogenesis
• Clinical features
• Lab workup

3. Introduction
• Corona viruses are a large family of viruses
that causes mild upper respiratory illnesses
• Virus spread like common flu via coughing,
sneezing and shortness of breath

4. • Symptoms are presented 2 to 14 days after
exposure to virus
• People are most contagious when they are
symptomatic

5. Contd
• The lipid bilayer envelope, membrane
proteins, and nucleo capsid protect the virus
when it is outside the host cell
• The viral envelope is made up of a lipid
bilayer in which the membrane (M), envelope
(E) and spike (S) structural proteins are
anchored.
• The ratio of E:S:M in the lipid bilayer is
approximately 1:20:300.

6. Lab diagnosis

7. Structure of Corona Virus
• They are large, roughly spherical particles
with unique surface projections.
• their size is highly variable with average
diameters of 80 to 120 nm.
• They are enclosed in an envelope embedded
with a number of protein molecules.

8. • The E and M protein are the structural
proteins that combined with the lipid bilayer
to shape the viral envelope and maintain its
size.
• S proteins are needed for interaction with the
host cells
• The M protein is the main structural protein of
the envelope that provides the overall shape
and is a type III membrane protein.

9. • The E proteins are minor structural proteins
and highly variable in different species.
• The spikes are the most distinguishing feature
of corona viruses and are responsible for the
corona- or halo-like surface.
• On average a corona virus particle has 74
surface spikes.

19. Types of Tests
• There are two different types of tests
1) diagnostic tests
2) antibody tests.

20. • Molecular tests, for evidence of active
infection
o Serology tests, for previous infection by
detecting antibodies to MERS-CoV.
o Serology tests are for surveillance or
investigational purposes and not for
diagnostic purposes.

21. Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19
• Reverse Transcription Polymérase Chain
Réaction (RT-PCR).
• Rapid Antigen Tests
• Blood Test for Antibodies (Total, IgG, IgM) to
SARS-CoV-2 (Serology)

22. Rapid Antigen Tests
• These tests detect the viral proteins of SARS-
CoV-2 in respiratory samples
• main advantages of antigen tests are:
1) provide results in minutes
2) simpler than RT-PCR tests to perform
 However, they are not as sensitive as RT-PCR
tests, so negative results do not rule out
infection

23. Blood Test for Antibodies
(Total, IgG, IgM) to SARS-CoV-2
(Serology)
• Detect antibodies produced by the body's
immune system in response to SARS-CoV-2.
COVID-19 serology tests can tell whether or
not you have had the viral infection in the
past. However, antibody tests are not the
preferred tests to diagnose current infections.

24. How is the sample collected for
testing?

25. For RT-PCR or Antigen Testing
• The preferred sample is a swab from the back
of your nose. This is called a nasopharyngeal
swab, or NP swab.
• It is left in place for several seconds, then
rotated several times and withdrawn..

26. CONTD
• CDC guidance says that other samples from
the respiratory tract may be collected when it
is not possible to collect an NP swab. These
include a swab from the back of the throat
(oropharyngeal swab) or a swab from the
front of your nose (nostril). Sometimes a saliva
sample may be collected by having the patient
spit into a container

29. For Antibody Testing
• A blood sample is obtained by inserting a
needle into a vein in the arm or by pricking a
fingertip and collecting a few drops of blood.

34. Case Definitions
• Suspect case (must satisfy epidemiological and clinical criteria)
• International travel in the 14 days before illness onset
OR
• Close or casual contact in 14 days before illness onset with a
confirmed case of COVID-19
• Fever
OR
• Acute respiratory infection (e.g. shortness of breath, sore throat,
cough) with or without fever

35. Confirmed case
• A person who tests positive to a validated
specific SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test or has
the virus identified by electron microscopy or
viral culture.

36. Droplet and Airborne Precautions
• Droplet Precautions
Surgical masks provide a barrier and protect
staff and inmates from respiratory exposure to
large particle microorganisms that are
transmitted via the droplet route.

37. Airborne Precautions
• P2 / N95 masks provide a barrier and protect
staff and inmates from respiratory exposure to
small particle microorganisms that are
transmitted via the airborne route.

38. Masks
• Perform hand hygiene before putting on a
mask and after discarding a used mask.
• Masks should be changed between inmates
and when they become soiled or wet.
• Never reapply a mask after removal.
• Masks should not be left dangling around a
person’s neck.
• Avoid touching the front of the mask while
wearing it.

39. PPE