This document discusses three-phase power systems. It explains that three-phase systems transmit power using three circuit conductors with currents that reach peak values 120 degrees out of phase. This allows for constant power transfer over each cycle. Common three-phase voltages used include 120/208V, 240V, and 277/480V. The document provides an example showing how a 10kW heater would require a smaller breaker and wire size if powered by three-phase 208V or 480V rather than single-phase 120V.
Electric circuits are systems that allow the flow of electric current, enabling the transmission and control of electrical energy. They are fundamental to the functioning of various electrical and electronic devices, ranging from simple household appliances to complex industrial machinery.
Electric circuits are systems that allow the flow of electric current, enabling the transmission and control of electrical energy. They are fundamental to the functioning of various electrical and electronic devices, ranging from simple household appliances to complex industrial machinery.
Building services engineering, technical building services, architectural engineering, building engineering, or facilities and services planning engineering refers to the implementation of the engineering for the internal environment and environmental impact of a building.
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Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
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Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
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www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
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"๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ผ๐ต ๐พ๐ฐ๐ป๐ฏ ๐ป๐ฑ ๐ฐ๐บ ๐ฏ๐จ๐ณ๐ญ ๐ซ๐ถ๐ต๐ฌ"
๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฌ (๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฎ๐ง๐ข๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ) is a professional event agency that includes experts in the event-organizing market in Vietnam, Korea, and ASEAN countries. We provide unlimited types of events from Music concerts, Fan meetings, and Culture festivals to Corporate events, Internal company events, Golf tournaments, MICE events, and Exhibitions.
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"๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐๐ฏ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฒ, ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ฃ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐๐ฒ. ๐๐ ๐๐ฅ๐ฐ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐๐ญ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐๐ ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ญ ๐จ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฌ."
2. Determining Amperage
Determining Amperage on a circuit:
Power (Watts) = V (volts) x A(amps)
Example: What is the amperage of 10
receptacles on a branch circuit?
Per NEC a receptacle = 180 watts per device.
Therefore (10) 180 watts = 120 volts x
amperage.
Amperage = 1800 watts/120 volts = 15 amps
๏จ Size circuit for a 20A/1 pole circuit
breaker.
๏จ
3. Determining Amperage
Example: What is the amperage of 10 Kw
electric heater โ 120 volts single phase?
Assume small fan and heating coil = 10500
watts total watts.
Therefore 10500 watts = 120 volts x
amperage.
Amperage = 10500 watts/120 volts = 87.5
amps
๏จ Size circuit for a 90A/1 pole circuit
breaker. Would need #3 AWG, copper
conductors.
๏จ Very large branch circuit is there a better
way?
4. Three-phase power
a.
Three-phase electric power is a common method of electric
power transmission. A three-phase system uses less conductor material
to transmit electric power than equivalent single-phase, two-phase, or
direct-current systems at the same voltage.
b.
In a three-phase system, three circuit conductors carry three
currents (of the same frequency) which reach their instantaneous peak
values at different times. Taking one conductor as the reference, the
other two currents are delayed in time by one-third and two-thirds of one
cycle of the electrical current. This delay between "phases" has the
effect of giving constant power transfer over each cycle of the current.
5. Three-phase power
c.
Three phase systems may or may not have a neutral
wire. A neutral wire allows the three phase system to use a
higher voltage while still supporting lower voltage single
phase appliances. In high voltage distribution situations it is
common not to have a neutral wire as the loads can simply
be connected between phases (phase-phase connection).
6. Power Generation
a.
At the power station, an electrical
generator converts mechanical power into
a set of alternating electric current, one
from each electromagnetic coil or winding
of the generator. The currents are
sinusoidal functions of time, all at the
same frequency but offset in time to give
different phases. In a three-phase system
the phases are spaced equally, giving a
phase separation of one-third one cycle.
7. Voltage
a.
The line-to-line voltage of a three-phase
system is โ3 times the line to neutral
voltage. Where the line-to-neutral voltage
is a standard utilization voltage, individual
single-phase utility customers or loads may
each be connected to a different phase of
the supply. Where the line-to-neutral
voltage is not a common utilization voltage,
for example in a 277/480 V system, singlephase loads must be supplied by individual
step-down transformers.
8. Why three phases
a.
The power plant produces three
different phases of AC power
simultaneously, and the three phases
are offset 120 degrees from each
other. There are four wires coming
out of every power plant: the three
phases plus a neutral or ground
common to all three. If you were to
look at the three phases on a graph,
they would look like this relative to
ground:
9. Three Phases
๏จ
In 3-phase power, at any given
moment one of the three phases is
nearing a peak. High-power 3phase motors (used in industrial
applications) and things like 3phase welding equipment
therefore have even power output.
Four phases would not
significantly improve things but
would add a fourth wire, so 3phase is the natural settling point.
11. Common Voltages
๏ฎ
๏ฎ
๏ฎ
๏ฎ
120/240 volt โ 1 phase โ 3 wire.
Standard residential voltage
240 volt โ 3 phase โ 3 wire.
Industrial voltage
120/208 Volt โ 3 phase โ 4 wire.
Commercial voltage
277/480 volt โ 3 phase โ 4 wire.
Commercial voltage
12. Back to our 10 KW heater. Benefits
of three phase:
Example: What is the amperage of 10 Kw electric
heater โ 120 volts โ single phase?
๏จ Assume small fan and heating coil = 10500 watts
total watts.
๏จ Therefore 10500 watts = 120 volts x amperage.
๏จ Amperage = 10500 watts/120 volts = 87.5 amps
๏จ Size circuit for a 90A/1 pole circuit breaker. Would
need (2) #3 AWG, copper conductors.
13. Back to our 10 KW heater.
Benefits of three phase:
๏จ
๏จ
๏จ
๏จ
Example: What is the amperage of 10 Kw electric
heater โ 208 volts โ three phase?
Assume small fan and heating coil = 10500 watts
total watts.
Therefore 10500 watts = 208(1.73) volts x
amperage.
Amperage = 10500 watts/360 volts = 29.1 amps
Size circuit for a 30A/3 pole circuit breaker. Would
need (3) #10 AWG, copper conductors.
14. Back to our 10 KW heater.
Benefits of three phase:
๏ฎ
๏ฎ
๏ฎ
๏ฎ
Example: What is the amperage of 10 Kw electric
heater โ 480 volts โ three phase?
Assume small fan and heating coil = 10500 watts
total watts.
Therefore 10500 watts = 480(1.73) volts x
amperage.
Amperage = 10500 watts/831 volts = 12.6 amps
Size circuit for a 15A/3 pole circuit breaker.
Would need (3) #12 AWG, copper conductors.