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The geosphere is made up of three layers:
* The crust is the Earth’s outer layer. It’s
made up of solid materials.
* The mantle is the Earth’s middle layer.
It is extremely hot. In some parts, there is
a magma (red-hot liquid rock).
* The core is the Earth’s inner layer. It is
also extremely hot. It is divided into the
liquid outer core and the solid inner core.
All the water on Earth makes up the
hydrosphere. Water is usually a liquid, but it
can also be a solid or a gas.
Water in liquid form covers most of the
Earth’s surface. It is found in oceans, seas,
rivers and lakes.
Water in solid form (snow and ice) is
found in the polar regions. It is also found
on mountains.
Water vapour, a gas, is found in the
atmosphere.
The atmosphere
is the air which
surrounds the
Earth. Air is a
mixture of gases.
It is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. There are
also small quantities of carbon dioxide, ozone,
and water vapour.
The atmosphere is essential to life on Earth:
- It has the oxygen which all living things
breath.
- Carbon dioxide and other gases are like a
blanket which retains the Earth’s heat.
- Ozone filters harmful ultraviolet rays.
The troposphere is the lowest layer. Most
gases are in this layer. Plants and animals live in
the troposphere.
The stratosphere is the next layer. There is a
thin layer of ozone in the upper stratosphere.
This is called the ozone layer.
As we travel higher, the gases become less dense.
In outer space there is no atmosphere.

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Earth's layers

  • 1. The geosphere is made up of three layers: * The crust is the Earth’s outer layer. It’s made up of solid materials. * The mantle is the Earth’s middle layer. It is extremely hot. In some parts, there is a magma (red-hot liquid rock). * The core is the Earth’s inner layer. It is also extremely hot. It is divided into the liquid outer core and the solid inner core.
  • 2. All the water on Earth makes up the hydrosphere. Water is usually a liquid, but it can also be a solid or a gas. Water in liquid form covers most of the Earth’s surface. It is found in oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. Water in solid form (snow and ice) is found in the polar regions. It is also found on mountains. Water vapour, a gas, is found in the atmosphere.
  • 3. The atmosphere is the air which surrounds the Earth. Air is a mixture of gases. It is mainly nitrogen and oxygen. There are also small quantities of carbon dioxide, ozone, and water vapour. The atmosphere is essential to life on Earth: - It has the oxygen which all living things breath. - Carbon dioxide and other gases are like a blanket which retains the Earth’s heat. - Ozone filters harmful ultraviolet rays.
  • 4. The troposphere is the lowest layer. Most gases are in this layer. Plants and animals live in the troposphere. The stratosphere is the next layer. There is a thin layer of ozone in the upper stratosphere. This is called the ozone layer. As we travel higher, the gases become less dense. In outer space there is no atmosphere.