2. Planet Earth is considered habitable because of the
following reasons:
(1) it has the right distance from the sun;
(2) it is protected from harmful solar radiation by its
magnetic field;
(3) it is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere; and
(4) it has the right amount of ingredients for life,
including water and carbon.
3. • Earth is different from other planets in a way that it is
the only planet with liquid water on the surface.
• a. Earth, Venus, and Mars may have similarities:
• (1) They all are terrestrial planets, made of solid rocks
and silicates;
• (2) They all have an atmosphere;
• (3) They all almost have the same time to rotate on their
axes;
• (4) Earth and Mars both have water;
• (5) They all have carbon dioxide; and
• (6) All have landforms.
4. b. Earth, Venus, and Mars have differences:
(1) Venus has no water;
(2)Venus and Mars don’t have oxygen; and
(3) Earth has life forms.
5. •Earth is a complex system made up of many
smaller systems through which matte and
energy are continuously cycled
6. • The solar system is composed of sun and the
objects that orbit the Sun directly are the eight
planets
• The four smaller inner planets are Mercury,
Venus, Earth and Mars which are called the
TERRESTRIAL or INNER PLANETS.
• The four outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune which are called Giant or
Outer Planets.
7. •Terrestrial planets are made up of rock
and metal. Two of the giant planets,
Jupiter and Saturn, are composed mainly
of hydrogen and helium while Uranus and
Neptune are composed of ice.
•The solar system also contains smaller
objects such as dwarf planets, asteroids,
moons, and comets.
8. Sun – Is the star at the
center of the solar system
which is composed mainly
of hydrogen and helium. It
also contains oxygen,
carbon neon and iron in
small quantity.
9. • Asteroids – are small objects made of
rocks that revolve around the sun and
are too small to be called planets.
• - These are also known as
‘’planetoids’’ or ‘’minor planets’’.
• - They are mainly made of materials
left over from the formation of the
inner solar system.
10. Asteroid Belt – occupies
the orbit between Mars
and Jupiter which made
of rock and stone.
11. 4 Largest asteroids in the belt – CERES, VESTA, PALLAS
and HYGIEA. They contain half mass of the entire belt.
Ceres is the largest
object in the asteroid
belt between Mars
and Jupiter, and it's
the only dwarf planet
located in the inner
solar system.
12. Vesta is the second most
massive body in the main
asteroid belt, accounting for
almost nine percent of the
total mass of all asteroids.
13. Pallas, third largest
asteroid in the asteroid
belt and the second such
object to be discovered, by
the German astronomer and
physician Wilhelm Olbers on
March 28, 1802
14. Hygiea is a dwarf planet
orbiting between Mars
and Jupiter in the main
portion of the asteroid belt
15. Meteoroids – are
small particles from a
comet or asteroid
orbiting the sun.
3 main classifications
of meteoroids: irons,
stones and stony-
irons.
16. •Kuiper belt – a disc-
shaped region of icy
bodies (including
dwarf planets such a
Pluto ) and comets
beyond the orbit of
Neptune.
17. •It is similar to the asteroid belt but it is
larger and more massive.
•Most of Kuiper belt objects have orbits
that take them outside the planet of
the ecliptic.
18. • Comets – Relatively
small objects whose
ices can vaporize in
sunlight forming an
atmosphere (coma) of
dust and gas and,
sometimes, a tail of
dust and/or gas.
19. • The presence of coma and
tail distinguished comet
from asteroids,
• Coma is the central part
surrounding the nucleus.
• Tail of the comet is made
up of dust or gas blown
from coma due to the heat
of the sun.
20. The 4 Four Subsystems of the Earth
•Earth's atmosphere is composed of about
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and one percent
other gases.
21. 1. Atmosphere – layer of
gases that surround the
earth.
-It protects the earth from
radiation and cosmic rays
coming from the outer
space.
22. Layers of the atmosphere:
• Troposphere – lowest layer of
the atmosphere.
-Contains about 80% of the total
mass of the atmosphere
This is where most of the water
vapor is found
All weather-associated cloud
types are found in this layer
23. • Stratosphere – second lowest
layer of the earth’s atmosphere
The ozone layer in stratosphere
protects life on earth by
absorbing ultraviolet radiation
It lacks the weather-producing air
turbulence and is almost
completely free of clouds and
other forms of weather.
24. • Mesosphere – third
highest layer of the
earth’s atmosphere.
The coldest region in the
atmosphere is the
upper mesosphere
This layer protects earth
from meteoroids.
25. • Thermosphere – this
layer reflects
ordinary waves back
to Earth over and
over,
The thermosphere has
extremely high
temperature
26. • Exosphere –
Outer most layer of the Earth’s
atmosphere
Most of the orbiting satellites,
as well as low-density
elements, such as hydrogen
and helium, are fond in this
layer
The air is extremely thin in this
layer.
27. 2. Biosphere – the
region or space
occupied by living
and non-living
organisms in the
earth.
28. 3. Hydrosphere –
includes all water on
and near the Earth’s
surface
It covers 70% of the
surface of the Earth
which includes all
oceans, rivers, lakes
and glaciers.
30. The Layers of the Earth
• The Crust – the outermost layer of the Earth
Is made of solid rocks and minerals.
Types of Crust:
Continental Crust – granitic in nature, thicker and is
less dense.
Oceanic Crust – basaltic in nature, thinner and denser,
can be sub ducted and is constantly being destroyed
and replaced at plate boundaries.
31. • The Mantle – The mantle lies between Earth's dense,
super-heated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. It
makes up a whopping 84% of Earth's total volume.
• The outer core – is a fluid thick layer that composed of
most iron and nickel that lies below the mantle.
• The inner core – is a hot solid, dense ball of mostly iron
and is also a source of the Earth’s magnetic field that
protects the planet from the radioactive solar winds.
32.
33.
34. • Activity 1. (Short Essay)
• 1. Briefly discuss in your own knowledge the
importance of the 4 subsystems of the Earth.
• Subsystem:Atmosphere,Biosphere,Hydrosphere
and Lithosphere
• 2. Among the four subsystems, which is the
most essential? Cite at least 2 evidences to
support your claim.
35. Activity 2 APPLICATION
Procedure: Analyze the interactions of the spheres after the
onslaught of Taal Volcano. Answer the questions that follow.
Subsystems: Atmosphere,Biosphere,Hydrosphere &
Lithosphere
• 1. What sphere caused the event?
• 2. What are the effects of the event on one or more spheres?
Cite 3 effects.
• 3. What is the global implication of the event? Cite 2
implications.
Editor's Notes
The asteroid belt probably contains millions of asteroids.
