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Structure of the Earth
Mudassar Iqbal
B.Ed (Hons)
Inside the Earth
Chapter 16
What are we walking on?
The Center Of The Earth
Earth Layers
• The Earth is divided into four
main layers.
*Inner Core
*Outer Core
*Mantle
*Crust
The Crust
* The Earth’s crust is
like the skin of an
apple. It is very thin
compared to the
other three layers.
• *The crust makes up
1% of the Earth.
* The crust of the Earth
is broken into many
pieces called plates.
The Crust
The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8
kilometers) thick under the
oceans(oceanic crust) and about 25
miles (32 kilometers) thick under
the continents (continental crust).
The Crust
• Outer layer
• 5-70 km thick
• 2 types of crust
–Oceanic (very
dense, made of
basalt)
–Continental (less
dense, made of
granite)
Oceanic and Continental
Crust
• Granite/older Basalt/Younger
The Mantle
• The mantle is the
layer below the
crust.
• The mantle is the
largest layer of the
Earth.
• The mantle is
divided into two
regions: the upper
and lower sections.
 2890 km thick layer
 Most thickest layer of earth
 Is divided into two layers further
 Outer mantle (Is less viscous and can flow
easily) present next to crust
 Inner mantle( Is more viscous and highly
dense.)
Outer Core
* The core of the
Earth is like a ball
of very hot metals.
* The outer core is
liquid.
* The outer core is
made up of iron and
is very dense.
Inner Core
* The inner core of
the Earth has
temperatures and
pressures so great
that the metals are
squeezed together
and are not able to
move.
* The inner core is a
solid.
Earth’s Layers
• How are the earth’s
layers similar to an
egg?
• Shell=crust
• Egg white=mantle
• Yolk=core
Physical Structure of the Earth
• Lithosphere- rigid outer layer
(crust)
• Asthenosphere- solid rock that
flows slowly (like hot asphalt)
Lithosphere
• The lithosphere (geosphere) is the "solid" part
of Earth. It has two parts, the crust and the
upper mantle
• The lithosphere “ sits on the” asthenosphere.
• The Earths Plates are the lithosphere.
• It is the rocky, solid portion of the crust.
Remember that it is made up of mostly
Silicon( Si) and Oxygen (O).
Asthenosphere
• This is the layer below the lithosphere.
This layer is “ plastic –like”.
• It is somewhat solid/liquid.
• You can say that it is malleable.
• Very important in terms of plate
tectonics.
Tectonic Plates
• Earth’s crust is broken into about 19
pieces
• These plates move on top of the
asthenosphere

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Structure of the Earth

  • 1. Structure of the Earth Mudassar Iqbal B.Ed (Hons)
  • 2. Inside the Earth Chapter 16 What are we walking on?
  • 3. The Center Of The Earth
  • 4. Earth Layers • The Earth is divided into four main layers. *Inner Core *Outer Core *Mantle *Crust
  • 5. The Crust * The Earth’s crust is like the skin of an apple. It is very thin compared to the other three layers. • *The crust makes up 1% of the Earth. * The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates.
  • 6. The Crust The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans(oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust).
  • 7. The Crust • Outer layer • 5-70 km thick • 2 types of crust –Oceanic (very dense, made of basalt) –Continental (less dense, made of granite)
  • 10. The Mantle • The mantle is the layer below the crust. • The mantle is the largest layer of the Earth. • The mantle is divided into two regions: the upper and lower sections.
  • 11.  2890 km thick layer  Most thickest layer of earth  Is divided into two layers further  Outer mantle (Is less viscous and can flow easily) present next to crust  Inner mantle( Is more viscous and highly dense.)
  • 12. Outer Core * The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. * The outer core is liquid. * The outer core is made up of iron and is very dense.
  • 13. Inner Core * The inner core of the Earth has temperatures and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and are not able to move. * The inner core is a solid.
  • 14. Earth’s Layers • How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg? • Shell=crust • Egg white=mantle • Yolk=core
  • 15. Physical Structure of the Earth • Lithosphere- rigid outer layer (crust) • Asthenosphere- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt)
  • 16. Lithosphere • The lithosphere (geosphere) is the "solid" part of Earth. It has two parts, the crust and the upper mantle • The lithosphere “ sits on the” asthenosphere. • The Earths Plates are the lithosphere. • It is the rocky, solid portion of the crust. Remember that it is made up of mostly Silicon( Si) and Oxygen (O).
  • 17. Asthenosphere • This is the layer below the lithosphere. This layer is “ plastic –like”. • It is somewhat solid/liquid. • You can say that it is malleable. • Very important in terms of plate tectonics.
  • 18.
  • 19. Tectonic Plates • Earth’s crust is broken into about 19 pieces • These plates move on top of the asthenosphere