1. The document discusses earthquakes and faults, explaining that the Philippines is prone to earthquakes due to its location along the Ring of Fire. 2. It defines a fault as a break in the earth's crust where significant movement has occurred, and explains how faults produce earthquakes through the buildup and sudden release of energy from inside the earth. 3. The document provides information on earthquake waves, intensity scales, and safety tips for both indoors and outdoors during and after an earthquake.

1. GRADE 8 SCIENCE UNIT 2:
EARTH AND SPACE
At home before an earthquake:
MODULE 1:
EARTHQUAKES AND
FAULTS
krisannmaeyapbonilla Subic National High
School

2. Grade 7
Discover that our country’s
location near the equator and
along the Ring of Fire
influences what makes up the
Philippine environment (e.g.
natural resources, climate).

3. Grade 8
Being located along the Ring of Fire,
the Philippines is prone to earthquakes.
Using models, explain how
earthquakes are generated by faults.
Try to identify faults in the
community and differentiate active
faults from inactive ones.

4. Why do we need to learn
about earthquakes?

5. Where do earthquakes occur?

7. DAMAGED ROAD

8. WHAT IS A FAULT?
A BREAK in the
Earth’s crust, and along
the break, significant
movement has taken
place.

9. HOW DO
FAULTS
PRODUCE

13. Energy from inside the Earth make
the ground move (pulling the
rubber band).
There is no movement friction right
away because of the FRICTION (
connecting tape). Friction held the
rocks together.
Once the friction is overcome, the
ground will move and the
earthquake will occur.

16. Where does an earthquake
start?

17. Widescreen Test Pattern (16:9)
Aspect Ratio
Test
(Should appear
circular)
16x9
4x3

18. FOCUS/ HYPOCENTER
- start (origin) of the earthquake
- region where rocks break
EPICENTER
- The point on Earth’s surface, above
the focus
- the most violent shaking of the ground
occurs

19. Use your model to show different types
of movement along a fault. How would
the surroundings be affected?

22. Waves of energy caused by sudden
breaking of rock within the Earth or an
explosion.

25. P wave (PRIMARY WAVE)
- Fastest seismic wave
S wave ( SECONDARY WAVE)
- Slower than P wave.
- Do not travel thru liquid
L wave ( SURFACE WAVES)
- Travel from focus up to the epicenter
-Causes MOST of the damage during an
earthquake

26. 1.When an earthquakes occurs, where
would shaking be greater? Near the
epicenter or away the epicenter?
2.Where would damage be more?
Near the epicenter or away from the
epicenter?
3.Where would be the intensity
higher? Near the epicenter or away
from the epicenter?

30. Roman
Numerals
( I – X)
Hindu –Arabic
Numerals
1- 9

31. PHIVOLCS Earthquake Intensity
Scale
How strong is the earthquake?
I. Scarcely Perceptible - Can be felt under favorable
circumstances. Delicately balanced objects are
disturbed slightly. Still water in containers oscillates
slowly.
X. Completely Devastating - Nearly all man-made structures
are destroyed. Massive landslides and liquefaction, large
scale subsidence, uplift of landforms, many ground
fissures are observed. Changes in river courses and
destructive seiches in large lakes occur. Many trees are
toppled, broken, and uprooted.

32. DO YOU
LIVE
NEAR AN
ACTIVE
FAULT?

35. At home before an
earthquake:
Prepare an earthquake
emergency kit with non- perishable
food, bottled water, flashlights, first
aid materials, blankets, spare
glasses and other essential items
and store it where it will be easily
accessible in case of earthquake.

36. Emergency
Kit

39. At home before an
earthquake:
Turn off the electricity and
water supply.
Anchor heavy furniture
down to the floor.

42. Indoors during an
earthquake:
Go to a safe such as under the table or
desk, or wall away from windows or
hazardous objects.
Cover the back of your head and eyes.
Beware of any falling objects or
electrical wires.
If cooking, turn off heating elements
ASAP.

44. Triangle of Life
(Indoors)

45. outdoors during an
earthquake:
Stay in open areas away
from buildings, power lines,
trees, and other potential
hazards.
If driving, stop quickly.

46. outdoors during an earthquake:

49. After an earthquake:

50. After an earthquake:

51. After an earthquake: