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1. Causes of EarthQuake
By- ananya sarraf

2. Earthquake
 An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth
resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes
can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel
objects and people into the air, and wreak destruction across entire cities. The seismicity, or seismic activity,
of an area is the frequency, type, and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time. The word tremor
is also used for non-earthquake seismic rumbling.

3.  At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground. When the
epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes
can also trigger landslides and occasionally, volcanic activity.
 In its most general sense, the word earthquake is used to describe any seismic event—whether natural or caused by
humans—that generates seismic waves. Earthquakes are caused mostly by rupture of geological faults but also by other
events such as volcanic activity, landslides, mine blasts, and nuclear tests. An earthquake's point of initial rupture is called
its hypocenter or focus. The epicenter is the point at ground level directly above the hypocenter.

4. Causes of earthquake
 Earthquakes are caused by a sudden release of stress along faults in the earth's crust. The continuous motion of tectonic
plates causes a steady build-up of pressure in the rock strata on both sides of a fault until the stress is sufficiently great
that it is released in a sudden, jerky movement.

5. Let’s know about:-
Types of earthquake

6. 1- induced earthquake
Induced quakes are caused by human activity, like tunnel construction, filling
reservoirs and implementing geothermal or fracking projects.

7. 2- Volcanic Earthquakes
Volcanic quakes are associated with active volcanism. They are generally not as
powerful as tectonic quakes and often occur relatively near the surface.
Consequently, they are usually only felt in the vicinity of the hypocentre.

8. 3- Collapse Earthquakes
Collapse quakes can be triggered by such phenomena as cave-ins, mostly in
karst areas or close to mining facilities, as a result of subsidence.

9. Some Safety measures to be follow during earthquake
 Earthquakes are caused by a sudden, rapid shaking of the earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock
beneath the earth’s surface. They can strike suddenly, without warning and occur at any time of the year
and at any time of the day or night. In the U.S., 45 states and territories are at moderate to very high risk of
earthquakes. Fortunately, there are simple steps families can take to be better prepared and keep children
safe when earthquakes strike.

10. Prepare
 Talk about earthquakes. Spend time with your family discussing how and why earthquakes
 occur. Explain that an earthquake is a natural event and not anyone’s fault. Use simple words
 that even young children can understand.
 Find safe spots in your home. Identify and discuss safe spots in each room of your home so
 that you can go there immediately if you feel an earthquake. Safe spots are places where you
 can take cover, such as under a sturdy desk or table, or next to an interior wall.
 Practice earthquake drills. Regularly practice with your family what you would do if an
 earthquake occurred. Practicing earthquake drills will help children understand what to do in

11.  case you are not with them during an earthquake.
 Learn your caregivers’ disaster plans. If your children’s school or child care center is in an area
 at risk from earthquakes, find out how its emergency plan addresses earthquakes. Ask about
 evacuation plans and if you would be required to pick up your children from the site or from
 another location.
 Keep contact information current. Phone numbers, addresses and relationships change. Keep
 your children’s school or child care emergency release information up to date, so that if an
 earthquake strikes, you will know where your child is and who can pick them up.

12. During an earthquake
1- if inside, drop, cover, and hold on – drop to the ground and cover under something study like a desk or a table. With one hand
hold on to the object and with your other arm protect your head and neck. If you don’t have anything study to take cover under,
crouch down next to an interior wall. Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you’re sure it’s safe to exit.
2- if outside, find an open spot- find a clear spot away from buildings, trees, streetlights and power lines. Drop to the ground and
stay there until the shaking stops.
3- if in a vehicle, stop- pull over to a clear location, stop there with your seatbelt fastened until the shaking stops.

13. Following an earthquake
1-Involve children in recovery. After an earthquake, include your children in clean-up activities if it is safe to do so. It is
comforting to children to watch the household begin to return to normal and to have a job to do.
2-Listen to children. Encourage your child to express feelings of fear, anxiety or anger. Listen carefully, show
understanding, and offer reassurance. Tell your child that the situation is not permanent, and provide physical reassurance
through time spent together and displays of affection. Contact local faith-based organizations, voluntary organizations, or
professionals for counseling if extra help is needed.

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