An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth's surface caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere. This social science project discusses earthquakes, including what they are, their causes, effects, and protection against them. Some key points made are that earthquakes result from the movement of tectonic plates and built-up pressure being released. Their effects include ground shaking, ground ruptures, landslides, tsunamis, and fires. Protection involves earthquake-resistant building construction and safety precautions during shaking. Some of the deadliest earthquakes mentioned caused thousands of deaths, such as in Nepal in 2015 and Japan in 2011.
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52nd Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
Earthquake is a violent tremor in the earth’s crust, sending out a series of shock waves in all directions from its place of origin or epicenter.
On the morning of January 26, 2001, the Nation’s 52nd Republic Day, a devastating earthquake occurred in the Kutch district of the state of Gujarat.
This presentation gives detailed information about earthquake , its types , waves , faults , especially in asian countries .A detailed case study of earthquake In NEPAL in 2015 is also covered in this with pictures . Also how it is measured and its warning system , vulnerability, deployment and future aspects has been covered .
HOPE YOU LIKE IT AND GET FULL INFORMATION!!!!!
This is a PowerPoint Presentation based strictly on Tsunami.
Here one can find the following details about Tsunami:
Definition of Tsunami
Major Causes of Tsunami
Pictures Related to Tsunami
Analytical and Statistical information
And other more useful details .
So Hope you like it
Thankyou
A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
About causes and consequences of earthquake.
what is an earthquake?
Types of earthquake
Anatomy of earthquakes
Causes of Earthquake
Waves of Earthquakes
Seismograph
Distribution of Earthquake
Wold dead lists Earthquake
Earthquake in Pakistan
Effects of Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to the people around and destroy whole cities.
This is a PowerPoint Presentation based strictly on Tsunami.
Here one can find the following details about Tsunami:
Definition of Tsunami
Major Causes of Tsunami
Pictures Related to Tsunami
Analytical and Statistical information
And other more useful details .
So Hope you like it
Thankyou
A natural vibration of the ground or the earth crust produced by forces is called earthquake or seismic forces.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another.
About causes and consequences of earthquake.
what is an earthquake?
Types of earthquake
Anatomy of earthquakes
Causes of Earthquake
Waves of Earthquakes
Seismograph
Distribution of Earthquake
Wold dead lists Earthquake
Earthquake in Pakistan
Effects of Earthquake
An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is is the shaking of the surface of the Earth, resulting from the sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they cannot be felt to those violent enough to the people around and destroy whole cities.
An earthquake is a violent and abrupt shaking of the ground, caused by movement between tectonic plates along a fault line in the earth's crust. Earthquakes can result in the ground shaking, soil liquefaction, landslides, fissures, avalanches, fires and tsunamis.
How do you describe an earthquake?
A large earthquake far away will feel like a gentle bump followed several seconds later by stronger rolling shaking that may feel like sharp shaking for a little while. A small earthquake nearby will feel like a small sharp jolt followed by a few stronger sharp shakes that pass quickly.
Civil Engineering
Earth Quake Data
Earth Layers
Plate Tectonics
Seismic Waves
Effects of Earthquake
Epicenter of Earthquake
Damages by Earthquake
IN THIS TOPIC I HAVE MENTIONED WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE AND ITS EFFECTS , CAUSES.
SOME PRECAUTIONS FOR THE PEOPLE.AND SOME MAJOR EARTHQUAKES IN INDIA.
HOPE ALL OF U LIKE IT
Earthquakes are natural phenomena caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust, resulting in seismic waves that propagate through the ground. These seismic waves can cause the ground to shake, leading to potentially destructive consequences. Here's a breakdown of key elements related to earthquakes:
this paper tells about reasons for earthquakes, how the earthquakes happen,earthquake effects on buildings,how the buildings are respond to the earthquakes and design methods to be fallowed while designing a structure to resist earthquakes
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
3. INDEX
o Introduction
o What is an earthquake?
o Terms related to earthquake
o Causes
o Effects of earthquake
o Protection against earthquakes
o Deadliest earthquakes
o bibliography
4. INTRODUCTION
Earthquake constitutes one of the worst natural hazards which
often turn into disaster causing widespread destruction and loss to
human life.
The effects of earthquake vary upon the magnitude and intensity.
Earthquakes occur every now and then all around the world,
except in some places where earthquakes occur rarely. The
devastation of cities and towns is one of the effects of earthquake.
5. WHAT IS AN EARTHQUAKE?
An Earthquake (a.k.a. quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the
surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the
Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.
Earthquakes can range in size from those that are so weak that they
cannot be felt to those violent enough to propel objects and people into
the air, and wreak destruction across entire cities.
The seismicity, or seismic activity, of an area is the frequency, type,
and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.
6. The other destructive natural phenomena like
cyclones and lightning can be predicted in advance to
some extent. This is not so in the case of earthquakes.
Earthquake is a destructive natural phenomena which
can not be predicted in advance. Nobody can tell when
and where an earthquake will occur.
This unpridictable nature of earthquakes makes them
even more dangerous.
7. TERMS
RELATED TO
EARTHQUAKE
FOCUS: The point within the
earth where an earthquake
rupture starts.
EPICENTER: The point on the
Earth's surface that is directly
above the focus, the point where
earthquake or undergriund
explosion originates.
8. AFTERSHOCKS: Smaller
earthquakes that occur after the main
earthquake in the same place as the
mainshock. Aftershocks are linked to
the size of the mainshock and if this is
large can continue for many weeks,
months or years.
FAULT: A crack in the Earth's crust
along which the rocks slide. Faults are
found at the edges of the plates where
the crust is moving in different
directions.
FAULT PLANE: The planar (flat)
surface along which two blocks of the
earth's crust suddenly slip past one
another during an earthquake.
9. MAGNITUDE: A number that categorizes the
amount of energy released during an earthquake.
MAINSHOCK: The largest, main earthquake.
SEISMICITY : The intensity, frequency, and
distribution of earthquakes in a specific area.
SEISMOGRAPH: A very sensitive instrument that
can detect, measure and record ground vibrations
and their intensities during an earthquake.
10. CAUSES
The plates of earth's crust are made of huge rocks having rough edges. Due to
their highly rough edges, movement of two crust plates relative t one another
is not smooth. When the two huge plates of earth's crust slide past one
another, they rub against one another ferociously and the rocks on the edges
get entangled. This builds up the pressure between the two plates of crust.
When sufficient pressure has been built up between the two crushed plates,
the entangled rocks of the two crust plates break open suddenly with a big
jolt. This sudden release of tremendous amount of energy produces shock
waves which makes the earth shake.
When the two plates of the earths crust moving in opposite directions collide
with each other, then the ends of these crust plates buckle and fold forming
new mountains and causing earthquakes.
11. A separate type of earthquake is
associated with volcanic activity
and is called a volcanic
earthquake.
Yet it is likely that even in such
cases the disturbance is the
result of a sudden slip of rock
masses adjacent to
the volcano and the consequent
release of elastic strain energy.
12. STRENGTH OF
EARTHQUAKE
The intensity and strength of an earthquake is measured on Richter
scale, the scale invented by Charles Richter in 1935.
An earthquake of magnitude 1.5 on Richter scale is the smallest
earthquake that can be felt by us. An earthquake of magnitude 4.5
causes some damage but not much damage.
The earthquakes having magnitudes higher than 7 on Richter scale
are really destructive earthquakes causing great loss of life and
property.
13. o The Ring of Fire (a.k.a. the Pacific
Ring of Fire, the Rim of Fire
or the Circum-Pacific belt) is a region
around much of the rim of the Pacific
Ocean where many volcanic
eruptions and earthquake occur.
o About 76% of the Earth's seismic energy is
released as earthquakes in the Ring of
Fire.
o About 90% of the Earth's earthquakes and
about 81% of the world's largest
earthquakes occur along the Ring of Fire
14. EFFECTS OF
EARTHQUAKE
GROUND SHAKING
o Ground shaking is the most
familiar effect of earthquakes. It
is a result of the passage of
seismic waves through the
ground, and ranges from quite
gentle in small earthquakes to
incredibly violent in large
earthquakes.
o Buildings can be damaged or
destroyed, people and animals
have trouble standing up or
moving around, and objects can
be tossed around due to strong
ground shaking in earthquakes.
15. Ground Rupture
o Ground rupture is another important effect of
earthquakes which occurs when the earthquake
movement along a fault actually breaks the Earth's
surface
o Landslides
o Landslides are caused by earthquakes both by
direct rupture and by sustained shaking of
unstable slopes. They can easily destroy
buildings in their path, or block roads and
railroad lines, or take hilltop homes with them
as they tumble. They even can dam rivers on
occasion, like in the 17 August 1959 Hebgen
Lake earthquake (magnitude 7.1) in Montana.
16. Tsunami
o Tsunamis are a series of
water waves caused when
the seafloor moves vertically
in an earthquake and which
can travel vast distances in a
short period of time.
Tsunami speeds in the deep
ocean have been measured at
more than 700 km/hr,
comparable to some jet
planes, and when tsunamis
reach shallow water near the
coast, they can reach heights
of more than 27 meters
17. Fires
o Fires are a major source of damage after earthquakes. Ground
rupture and liquefaction can easily rupture natural gas mains and
water mains, both contributing to the ignition of fires and
hindering the efforts to control them.
o In the 1923 Kanto earthquake in Japan nearly 100,000 people died
over 70,000 of them due to fires which swept the area after the
earthquake.
Other Effects of earthquakes include:
o Loss of life and property
o Damage to infrastructure
o Damage to transport system
o Economic activities like agriculture, trade etc are severely affected.
18. PROTECTION
AGAINST EARTHQUAKES
Earthquakes are highly destructive and cannot be predicted. So it is
necessary that we take precautions.
o All the houses and other buildings in seismic zones should be
designed and constructed in such a way that they can withstand
major earthquake tremors.
19. o All buildings should have fire-fighting Equipements in
working.
o Objects such as heavy mirrors, photo frames, water heaters, glass
wares, glass bottles etc should be mounted securely on the walls at such
places in the house that they do not fall on people during an earthquake.
IF WE ARE AT HOME WHEN AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS,
THEN...
o We should take shelter under a sturdy table or a kitchen
counter and stay there till the shaking stops. We should cover
our heads with our hands.
o We should stay away from glass windows that may shatter
dues to tremors.
o We should stay away from tall and heavy objects, so that if
they topple, they may not fall on us.
20. oDo not re-enter badly damaged buildings. Turn off the water, gas
and electricity.
oKeep calm. Don’t panick. Turn on the transistor radio and listen to
the instructions carefully.
oKeep away from electric poles, beaches and low banks of rivers.
oIf you are aware of people buried in the debris, tell the rescue
team.
Do not rush and try to worsen the situation.
oDo not drink water from open containors.
IF YOU ARE OUTDOORS WHEN AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS...
o If we are in a car (or a bus) we shoul not come out of it. The car
should be driven slowly to a clear and safe place away from
buildings or trees.
21. SOME DEADLIEST EARTHQUAKES...
This Photo by Unknown author is
licensed under CC BY-SA.
The April 2015 Nepal earthquake killed nearly 9,000 people and
injured nearly 22,000. It occurred at 11:56 Nepal Standard Time
on 25 April 2015, with a magnitude of 7.8M or 8.1M.
22. .
On October 30 2020, the western province of İzmir,
Turkey was hit by a 6.6-7.0 earthquake that damaged
Izmir city. The earthquake was followed by a tsunami
which damaged coastal areas and towns of the
province. It was followed by over 1,400 aftershocks
with 43 of them being over a magnitude of 4.0 .
23. This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under
CC BY-NC.
A magnitude 9.0 earthquake
struck in the Pacific Ocean off the
northeast coast of the Tōhoku
region of Japan’s Honshu island
on March 11, 2011.
It Triggered a massive tsunami
that flooded more than 200
square miles of coastal land.
Waves were estimated to be as
high as 38 meters, the height of a
12-story building.