EAP11_12_Unit 1_Lesson 1_Structure of Academic Texts.pptx
1. English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts
Lesson 1
Structure of Academic Texts
3. Learning
Objectives
At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:
ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT 3
● Identify the structures of
paragraphs, essays, and
research papers.
● Construct short paragraphs and
essays.
4. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Write a scenario
about the photo
with two other
students. Each
student should
write only one
part:
introduction,
middle, or
ending.
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10. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Transitional sentences pave the way to the next
idea in the next paragraph.
Concluding sentences close out the main idea
by summing up the main idea.
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12. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Example 1
Empathy is being able to understand and share
feelings and requires a connection between two
humans. Establishing that connection means that
people should put down their phones, face each
other and build rapport with one another. Taking
those steps can make a difference.
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13. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Example 2
Modern-day heroes are not the ones seen in the movies;
these are just actors who pretend to be larger-than-life
characters. The true modern-day heroes are the people
who dedicate their lives to serve others.
These people can be doctors, nurses, engineers,
teachers, and the police. They help others to make the
world a better place.
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14. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structures of Paragraphs
Example 3
Online marketing is the effort to disseminate information about a
business or product using the Internet. This may be considered
as an effective strategy, as almost everyone uses the Internet for
interaction.
Engaging with potential consumers online may help the business
in profits, as the channels between parties have more potential
to continue, even after transactions.
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17. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Introduction
The introduction starts off the essay with ideas
that will be discussed in the body. The thesis
statement is usually found at the end of the
introduction, and it can act as a transitional
sentence for the body.
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18. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Introduction
● Introduces the topic
● Places the topic into context
● Provides background information
● Points out the aim of the text
● Describes how the aim will be fulfilled
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19. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Introduction
● Provides a thesis statement for the text
● Suggests what the findings are
● Explains why the topic could be considered
interesting
● Catches the readers’ interest
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20. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Body
The body is the main and most substantial part of
the entire essay which:
● Presents evidence to support the thesis
statement
● Can be broken down into parts
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23. Remember
23
The conclusion should not have the
exact same thesis statement as the
one in the introduction. It is best to
reword it in the conclusion.
24. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
Example 1
Benedicto Cabrera, also known more famously as
BenCab, is a Filipino painter. He was deemed as a
Filipino National Artist for painting in 2006, and is
considered as one of the best-selling painters of
his time. BenCab has a museum in Baguio, a place
that inspired many of his works.
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25. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
The BenCab museum has many of Cabrera’s
artwork in addition to his personal collection of
the works of other Filipino artists. The museum
has exhibits that display the culture of the
Cordilleras. The many displays manifest
BenCab’s talents and his appreciation for local
art.
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26. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
With the BenCab museum situated in the
Cordilleras, it has become a site that people can
visit and experience when they visit Baguio. The
opportunity to see BenCab's collection and work
can inspire others to appreciate Filipino art.
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28. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
Example 2
Though almost everyone recognizes
dreamcatchers, few know the origin and its
significance in local culture. The dreamcatcher is
more than just a decorative piece. It is an
interesting object with an even more interesting
history.
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29. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
The dreamcatcher originated from Native North
America, most specifically the Ojibwe. There is
no exact date of its invention, but it became
mainstream in the 1980s. Traditionally, they were
thought to be objects of protection for babies and
were hung over their cradles.
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30. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
As many people know today, it was often
believed that they could protect the dreams of
infants, as the spiderweb-like design would
"catch" the evil spirits and keep them stuck on the
dreamcatchers.
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31. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
The dreamcatcher’s history and original purpose
are fascinating and give more value to the object.
The dreamcatcher is a decorative piece for many
people, but its origins make it all the more
impressive.
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33. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
Example 3
Everyone has an opportunity to be an app developer,
or one who develops apps for smartphones. Though
it may seem too “techie” for some, the possibility for
app development has become endless. There is no
need to go through it alone, as many companies are
willing to help dreamers achieve their goals.
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34. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
App development is a profitable business, as
manifested through the various companies willing to
help out those who are interested. In the Philippines,
the names Adroit Apps, Ltd. and Arcanys are top
companies that develop apps. These kinds of
companies have specific aims for business but share
the common goal of developing apps for people.
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35. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring the Three-Part Essay
If developing apps and serving people while
making money is one goal, it is best to get in
contact and apply to app development
companies. In this day and age, this kind of job
may be beneficial for all, and the process is an
essential learning experience for professional
development.
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37. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
● IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods,
Results, and Discussion, with a Conclusion.
● IMRaD aims to discuss research topics,
explaining the topic and its intended
purpose.
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38. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD: Introduction
● Contains the context of the study and
addresses what the study will entail
● Can include the background of the study
rather than an introduction
● Should include the aim(s) of the study
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39. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD: Methods
The methods part includes the following:
● explanation of how aims and research
questions were fulfilled and answered
● methods used to collect data and ways to
analyze the said data
● the research design for the entire study
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42. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Example 1
Listening to music may be a positive experience
for many junior high school students while they
study for major subjects.
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43. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Though there have not been many studies that
show a relationship between the two variables,
this particular study aimed to determine how
junior high school students feel while they listen
to particular genres of music while studying for
major exams.
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44. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
The methods for the research consisted of
interviewing JHS students about their
experiences, opinions of music, and their study
habits. The researchers also utilized a
questionnaire given to 20 JHS students.
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45. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Results showed that JHS students felt that
listening to music, no matter the genre, was
helpful, and there are perceived effects that it
helped them do better on the tests academically.
Further studies may help confirm a true
relationship between listening to music and better
study habits.
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46. 46
Why is it important to include visual
representations of data in the results
of the IMRaD?
47. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Example 2
In the Philippines, there has been a noticeable
shift from the use of plastic shopping bags to
more environmentally-friendly bags. Eco-bags
are bags that can be reused and can include, but
are not limited to, canvas bags, paper bags,
bayong, and mesh-cloth bags.
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48. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
In the study conducted, a survey of 138 college
students answered that because the province of
Cavite has encouraged the use of eco-bags, a
large number of the sample population
maximizes the utilization of eco-bags while
shopping.
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49. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Significant factors that influenced the
respondents include the implementation of the
laws and awareness of the harmfulness of
plastics to the environment.
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50. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Further studies should explore why other factors,
such as promotion of private corporations in the
Philippines, are not significant in the utilization of
eco-bags for shopping.
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51. 51
Why is the background of the study
an imperative part of the
introduction?
52. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Example 3
Stereotyping in senior high school may be a more
common phenomenon nowadays than ever, as
students are clustered into different strands.
Students may have certain perceptions and
opinions about others who are in the same and
different strands.
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54. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Three focus group discussions were conducted,
along with five in-depth interviews about the grade
12 students’ own experiences about stereotyping.
The researchers were able to utilize open and axial
coding to extract prevalent themes.
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56. ENGAG EXPLOR
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EVALUAT
Structuring IMRaD
Further studies should be conducted to find out
the factors which influence students to use
stereotypes for the different strands and if this
type of stereotyping affects academic studies and
social situations in high school.
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57. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Compose a
paragraph
57
Compose a short paragraph about
one research topic you might want
to pursue this academic year. In the
paragraph, rationalize the need to
explore the research area.
59. ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
ENGAG EXPLOR
EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Why is it recommended to use transitional
sentences in between paragraphs for the 3-part
essay?
Question
59
62. Wrap Up
Knowing the structure of an essay can
help a reader comprehend the text.
Paragraph development and the three-
part essay are broken into the following
parts: introduction, body, and conclusion.
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63. Wrap Up
The IMRaD structure is broken into the
following parts: Introduction, Methods,
Results, Discussion, and Conclusion.
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65. Bibliography
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“The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017. https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-
and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/.
“The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/.
“The Structure of Academic Texts .” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket. Accessed February
25, 2020. https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic-texts.
“Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts.
“Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed February 25, 2020.
https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report.
Editor's Notes
Answer:
Transitional sentences help introduce a new idea in the next paragraph.
Answer:
This allows readers to have more information about the topic and variables in the context of the study.
