This document discusses writing a research statement for quantitative research. It explains that a research statement includes a concise problem statement and research questions. It describes the characteristics of good research questions, such as being relevant, specific, clear and measurable. The document provides guidelines for constructing a research statement, including finalizing the research topic, drafting questions, and writing the general problem and a refined problem statement. It also differentiates between descriptive, comparative, evaluative and explanatory research questions.

1. Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
Unit 2: Developing a Research Problem
Lesson 4
Writing a Research Statement for
Quantitative Research

2. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Why is it
necessary to
formulate good
research
questions?
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3. Learning
Objectives
At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT 3
● Identify the problem statements
and research questions.
● Determine the characteristics of
good research questions.
● Demonstrate the process of
constructing the statement of
the problem.
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4. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
You were given the
opportunity to interview
the President of the
Philippines about any
problem of the country
today.
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EVALUAT
1. What kind of problem will you ask?
2. What are the specific questions that you will
ask to target this problem?
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EVALUAT
A statement of the problem is an integrative
but brief discussion of the research problem,
its context, and the questions of the study.
Statement of the Problem
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EVALUAT
It is written as part of the introduction and
provides a concise overview of the topic in
relation to the research questions.
Statement of the Problem
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EVALUAT
A research question identifies the specific
aspects of the topic that the current study
seeks to investigate and may vary depending
on the extent of their focus.
Research Questions
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9. Remember
A statement of the problem
usually begins with introducing your
general problem statement
followed by the specific research
questions that aim to address the
research problem.
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10. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Categories of Research Questions
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Descriptive research questions
● Descriptive research question are used to
describe certain patterns and focus on
single and noncomplex variables.
● It may also be used to quantify or categorize
variables in the study.

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EVALUAT
Examples
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● How frequent is the production of essential
oils for herbal medicines?
● What criteria are considered by customers
in choosing a store?

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EVALUAT
Comparative research questions are mainly
used for comparing and contrasting similarities
and differences between groups and variables.
Categories of Research Questions
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EVALUAT
Examples
● What is the difference between the quality of
natural and synthetic ink?
● How do Gen Z and millennials differ in terms
of dating attitudes?
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14. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Categories of Research Questions
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Evaluative research questions
● Evaluative research questions are formed to
assess a particular observation or
phenomenon based on an established model
or theory.
● They are usually observed in organizations,
workplace, programs, and effectivity of
projects.

15. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Examples
● How satisfied are you with the
implementation of the K-12 curriculum?
● Did the art therapy program work for the
patients with post-traumatic stress disorder?
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EVALUAT
Explanatory research questions are formed
to explain, predict change or outcomes on
observed relationships between variables, and
determine how one variable may have an
effect on another.
Categories of Research Questions
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17. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Examples
● How does nurse intervention affect a
patient’s presurgery stress level?
● How does employment tenure contribute to
productivity of workers?
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18. How are research questions
related to the research problem?
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EVALUAT
Relevant
All research questions must be relevant to the
research problem.
Specific
It must not be too broad or too detailed.
Characteristics of Good Research Questions
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20. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Clear
Research questions should use simple language
to be comprehensible.
Analytical
It does not simply ask “yes or no” questions but
needs complex analysis.
Characteristics of Good Research Questions
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EVALUAT
Measurable
The measurability of research questions
indicate their feasibility and is measured
through standardized tests or experiments.
Characteristics of Good Research Questions
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EVALUAT
Writing the
Research
Statement
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The following guidelines
may be observed in
creating a well-
structured research
statement.

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EVALUAT
Writing the Research Statement
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1. Finalize the research topic.
This will allow you to draft a coherent
statement of the problem and give you guided
starting point and inquiry.

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EVALUAT
Example
Topic: Effects of Facebook photo “likes” on the
self-esteem of teenagers
Independent variable
Facebook photo ‘likes’
Dependent variable
Self-esteem of teenagers
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EVALUAT
2. Draft the research questions.
Based on the finalized research topics, the draft
of the research questions will reflect the
aspects that the research is focused on.
Writing the Research Statement
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EVALUAT
Explanatory
How do Facebook photo ‘likes’ affect the self-
esteem of female adolescents?
Descriptive
What are the factors that affect the number of
Facebook photo ‘likes’?
Examples
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EVALUAT
Writing the Research Statement
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3. Write the general problem statement.
● The general problem statement establishes
the overall goal and direction of the
research.
● It should contain the research topic, the
main objective of the study, and the
variables.

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EVALUAT
Example
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This study aims to find out the effect of
Facebook photo ‘likes’ on the level of self-
esteem of female senior high school students
in XYZ School.

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EVALUAT
Writing the Research Statement
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4. Refine the statement of the problem.
● A refined statement of the problem includes
the research questions and the potential
benefits of the current study.
● The research questions should be written in
declarative sentences.

30. Tip
Keep the statement of the problem
short and simple. Make sure that
the statement of the problem
reflects the research problem,
research questions, and the aims
of the study.
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31. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Practice
31
Provide one example per type of research
question.
● Descriptive
● Comparative
● Evaluative
● Explanatory

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EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
Quick Check
It is the type of research question that looks
into the similarities and differences between
groups or variables.
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33. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
It is the part of the research study where
the statement of the problem is commonly
located.
Quick Check
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34. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
EVALUAT
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND
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It is the characteristic of good research
questions that avoids being too broad or being
too detailed.
Quick Check
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35. Wrap Up
The statement of the problem provides
context to the research problem. It is
usually included in the introductory part of
a research study.
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36. Wrap Up
The research questions are the basis of
the statement of the problem. There are
four main categories of research
questions, namely: descriptive,
comparative, evaluative, and
explanatory research questions.
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37. Wrap Up
37
Quantitative research questions must be
relevant, specific, clear, analytical, and
measurable.

38. Wrap Up
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39. Bibliography
Business & IP Centre. “What are Typical Quantitative Research Questions?” British Library. Accessed
May 7, 2020. https://www.bl.uk/business-and-ip-centre/articles/what-are-typical-quantitative-
research-questions.
Johnston, Deirdre, and Scott W. Vanderstoep. Research Methods for Everyday Life Blending
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. California: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009.
Royal Roads University. “Thesis Statements/Research Questions/Problem Statements.” Royal Roads
University Library. Accessed May 7, 2020. https://library.royalroads.ca/writing-
centre/writing/structure/thesis-statements.
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40. Bibliography
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Singh, Kultar. Quantitative Social Research Methods. New Delhi: Sage Publications India, 2007.
University of Southern California. “Organizing your Social Sciences Research Paper.” USC Libraries. Last
modified April 20, 2020. https://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/researchproblem.
Waters, Donald. Quantitative Methods for Business. 4th ed. England: Pearson Education Limited, 2008.