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EAP11_12_Unit 1_Lesson 1_Structure of Academic Texts (1).pptx
- 1. English for Academic and Professional Purposes Senior High School Applied - Academic Unit 1: The Nature of Academic Texts Lesson 1 Structure of Academic Texts
- 2. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT What do building blocks signify in writing? 2
- 3. Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT 3 ● Identify the structures of paragraphs, essays, and research papers. ● Construct short paragraphs and essays.
- 4. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Why should a reader know the essential parts of an academic text? Essential Question 4
- 5. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structures of Paragraphs Paragraphs are a collection of sentences that deal mostly with one topic or idea at a time. 5
- 6. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structures of Paragraphs Parts of a paragraph: ● Topic sentence ● Supporting sentences ● Concluding and/or transitional sentences 6
- 7. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structures of Paragraphs Topic sentence: presents the main point of the paragraph Supporting sentences: support the main idea of the paragraph 7
- 8. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structures of Paragraphs Transitional sentences pave the way to the next idea in the next paragraph. Concluding sentences close out the main idea by summing up the main idea. 8
- 9. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structure of a Three-Part Essay A three-part essay is composed of three basic parts: 1. Introduction 2. Body 3. Conclusion 9
- 10. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Introduction The introduction starts off the essay with ideas that will be discussed in the body. The thesis statement is usually found at the end of the introduction, and it can act as a transitional sentence for the body. 10
- 11. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Introduction ● Introduces the topic ● Places the topic into context ● Provides background information ● Points out the aim of the text ● Describes how the aim will be fulfilled 11
- 12. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Introduction ● Provides a thesis statement for the text ● Suggests what the findings are ● Explains why the topic could be considered interesting ● Catches the readers’ interest 12
- 13. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Body The body is the main and most substantial part of the entire essay which: ● Presents evidence to support the thesis statement ● Can be broken down into parts 13
- 14. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Body The body should do the following: ● Present research and data ● Analyze data ● Discuss data thoroughly 14
- 15. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Conclusion ● Restates the thesis statement ● Wraps up the essay ● Gives opportunity to evaluate the topic ● Should not present new material 15
- 16. Remember 16 The conclusion should not have the exact same thesis statement as the one in the introduction. It is best to reword it in the conclusion.
- 17. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structuring IMRaD ● IMRaD stands for Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion, with a Conclusion. ● IMRaD aims to discuss research topics, explaining the topic and its intended purpose. 17
- 18. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structuring IMRaD: Introduction ● Contains the context of the study and addresses what the study will entail ● Can include the background of the study rather than an introduction ● Should include the aim(s) of the study 18
- 19. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structuring IMRaD: Methods The methods part includes the following: ● explanation of how aims and research questions were fulfilled and answered ● methods used to collect data and ways to analyze the said data ● the research design for the entire study 19
- 20. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structuring IMRaD: Results ● Objectively presents results from the data collected and analyzed ● Presents data using charts, figures, and/or tables 20
- 21. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Structuring IMRaD: Discussion ● Reminds readers of the topic of the study ● Analyzes and discusses presented results ● Contains recommendations 21
- 22. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Compose a paragraph 22 Compose a short paragraph about one research topic you might want to pursue this academic year. In the paragraph, rationalize the need to explore the research area.
- 23. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Why is it recommended to use transitional sentences in between paragraphs for the 3-part essay? Question 23
- 24. ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUAT Why should an introduction in IMRaD give a background of the study? Question 24
- 25. Wrap Up Knowing the structure of an essay can help a reader comprehend the text. Paragraph development and the three-part essay are broken into the following parts: introduction, body, and conclusion. 25
- 26. Wrap Up The IMRaD structure is broken into the following parts: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. 26
- 27. Wrap Up 27
- 28. Bibliography 28 “The IMRaD Format.” Search Write, December 19, 2017. https://sokogskriv.no/en/writing/structure-and-argumentation/the-imrad-format/. “The Structure of Academic Texts.” Lnu.se. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://lnu.se/en/library/Writing-and-referencing/the-structure-of-academic-texts/. “The Structure of Academic Texts .” Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://kib.ki.se/en/write-cite/academic-writing/structure-academic- texts. “Traditional Academic Essays in Three Parts.” Penn State Abington. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://abington.psu.edu/traditional-academic-essays-three-parts. “Writing a Scientific Research Report (IMRaD).” The Writing Center. Accessed February 25, 2020. https://writingcenter.gmu.edu/guides/writing-an-imrad-report.
Editor's Notes
- When you first open a box of building blocks, you can’t immediately see the result of what you’re supposed to build. There are only limited plastic building blocks, but each piece is vital to the entire figure. Each part will make up the whole. That same idea can be used in writing paragraphs, essays, and even research papers. These written outputs are composed of parts, and these parts are the structures essential to the text.
- One of the essential features of academic writing is text structure. In academic writing, if you know how to identify the structure of the text, you can better understand and follow the flow of ideas. The first kind of structure used in academic texts is the paragraph.
- The paragraph should begin with the topic sentence, whose function is to present the main idea of the paragraph's theme. On the other hand, the supporting sentences develop the main idea in the topic sentence.
- The concluding sentence closes out the main idea by summing up the entire concept and ensuring that the paragraph ends with a complete idea. In some cases, a transitional sentence is used to close out the paragraph and pave the way for the introduction of the next concept in the succeeding paragraph.
- Thesis Statement - is the sentence that states the main idea of a writing assignment and helps control the ideas within the paper. (It’s different from a topic)
- The introduction usually contains the context of the study and addresses what the study will entail. It starts with a much more general topic than the indicated research questions. It is necessary to introduce the topic by connecting it to something relatable to the readers in a context that they understand, then gradually zoom into the topic backed up with research. You may opt to write a background of the study instead of an introduction. An introduction aims to raise readers’ interests on the topic and gives insight into the field of study, while a background provides more extensive knowledge about the topic.
- The methods part of this particular structure describes how the research was conducted. In short, it explains how the aim and research questions were fulfilled and answered. In this part, focus on the significant parts and facts of the methods used to collect data and forgo the small details. Mention the study design used in the research and connect it to the way the data was collected. This is imperative for the readers to understand how the study progressed from idea to application.
- The results section objectively presents the results and how they were collected in the methods part of the research. If multiple research questions were presented, their corresponding results should be reported in the same order. It is recommended to use graphs and charts to present data for a better understanding. The kind of data presented in figures should be significant to the study’s topic statement and show readers what needs to be observed. The data in the graphs or figures should not be repeated in the text. Captions are also essential in presenting figures because the readers may not read their entire commentary.
- The discussion section is where the writer presents the analysis of the results. The writer should ● remind readers of the aim of the study, and ● analyze and discuss the results, especially if they were significant in nature. End the text with a conclusion, which fulfills the aim of the entire study. The conclusion helps connect all the sections of the research coherently and helps find its primary focus. Instead of reiterating the results, the conclusion can give implications for the study itself and future research. In the IMRaD structure, be precise and concise with the words and language used to present information. Being straightforward is a characteristic of academic writing.
- Answer: Transitional sentences help introduce a new idea in the next paragraph.
- Answer: This allows readers to have more information about the topic and variables in the context of the study.