This document compares different types of honeypot systems. It discusses low, medium, and high interaction honeypots. Low interaction honeypots are easiest to install but provide limited information on attackers. High interaction honeypots deploy real operating systems and applications and provide the most detailed attacker information but are also highest risk and hardest to manage. The document analyzes the tradeoffs between honeypot interaction levels in terms of effort, information gathered, and security risks.
Honey pots can be implemented in cloud computing to improve security. There are several components, including a cloud controller, cluster controller, honey controller, and log storage system. Low interaction honey pots like Honeyd emulate services to detect attacks, while high interaction honey pots like Honeynets allow more flexibility for attackers but carefully control outbound traffic. Honey pots can be offered as a service for cloud customers, providing logs and statistics to help secure resources against future attacks.
This document provides definitions and explanations of honeypots and honeynets. It begins by defining a honeypot as a resource that pretends to be a real target in order to gather information about attacks without putting real systems at risk. There are different types of honeypots including research/production honeypots and low/high interaction honeypots. Honeynets are networks of multiple honeypot systems that allow for containment of attackers and capture of all activity. Virtual honeynets deploy entire honeynet architectures virtually on single systems. The document outlines advantages like flexibility and minimal resources, and disadvantages like narrow field of view and risk of fingerprinting.
The document summarizes a review on using honeypots as an intrusion detection system for wireless networks. It discusses how honeypots can be used to detect attackers by emulating vulnerable websites and systems to attract intruders. The proposed system uses different fake websites containing invalid or decoy information. If a user interacts with the honeypot sites suspiciously, their IP address would be blacklisted. The system aims to identify new attack patterns and secure the network for the future by monitoring attacker behavior on the honeypot systems without affecting real systems.
The document describes a proposed integrated honeypot system that aims to detect zero-day attacks, SSH attacks, and keylogger-spyware attacks. The system uses honeypots deployed in virtual machines to log attack behaviors. A separate detection framework then analyzes the honeypot logs to generate new signatures for intrusion detection and prevention systems like Snort. The integrated honeypot includes features for logging details of the targeted attacks. The system is meant to help update defenses against new attack patterns.
This is a Seminar Report on a computer security mechanism named Honeypot. In this I've included Honeypot Basics, Types, Value, Implementation, Merits & Demerits, Legal issues and Future of Honeypots.
A Honey Pot is an intrusion (unwanted) detection technique used to study hacker movement and interested to help better system defences against later attacks usually made up of a virtual machine that sits on a network or single client.
Today internet security is a serious problem. For every consumer and business that is on the Internet,
viruses, worms and crackers are a few security threats. There are the obvious tools that aid information security
professionals against these problems such as anti-virus software, firewalls and intrusion detection systems, but
these systems can only react to or prevent attacks-they cannot give us information about the attacker, the tools
used or even the methods employed. Given all of these security questions honeypots are a novel approach to
network security and security research alike. It is a resource, which is intended to be attacked and compromised to
gain more information about the attacker and the used tools. It can also be deployed to attract and divert an
attacker from their real targets. Honeypots is an additional layer of security. Honeypots have the big advantage that
they do not generate false alerts as each observed traffic is suspicious, because no productive components are
running on the system. The levels of interaction determines the amount of functionality a honeypots provides that
is low and high interactions.
Honey pots can be implemented in cloud computing to improve security. There are several components, including a cloud controller, cluster controller, honey controller, and log storage system. Low interaction honey pots like Honeyd emulate services to detect attacks, while high interaction honey pots like Honeynets allow more flexibility for attackers but carefully control outbound traffic. Honey pots can be offered as a service for cloud customers, providing logs and statistics to help secure resources against future attacks.
This document provides definitions and explanations of honeypots and honeynets. It begins by defining a honeypot as a resource that pretends to be a real target in order to gather information about attacks without putting real systems at risk. There are different types of honeypots including research/production honeypots and low/high interaction honeypots. Honeynets are networks of multiple honeypot systems that allow for containment of attackers and capture of all activity. Virtual honeynets deploy entire honeynet architectures virtually on single systems. The document outlines advantages like flexibility and minimal resources, and disadvantages like narrow field of view and risk of fingerprinting.
The document summarizes a review on using honeypots as an intrusion detection system for wireless networks. It discusses how honeypots can be used to detect attackers by emulating vulnerable websites and systems to attract intruders. The proposed system uses different fake websites containing invalid or decoy information. If a user interacts with the honeypot sites suspiciously, their IP address would be blacklisted. The system aims to identify new attack patterns and secure the network for the future by monitoring attacker behavior on the honeypot systems without affecting real systems.
The document describes a proposed integrated honeypot system that aims to detect zero-day attacks, SSH attacks, and keylogger-spyware attacks. The system uses honeypots deployed in virtual machines to log attack behaviors. A separate detection framework then analyzes the honeypot logs to generate new signatures for intrusion detection and prevention systems like Snort. The integrated honeypot includes features for logging details of the targeted attacks. The system is meant to help update defenses against new attack patterns.
This is a Seminar Report on a computer security mechanism named Honeypot. In this I've included Honeypot Basics, Types, Value, Implementation, Merits & Demerits, Legal issues and Future of Honeypots.
A Honey Pot is an intrusion (unwanted) detection technique used to study hacker movement and interested to help better system defences against later attacks usually made up of a virtual machine that sits on a network or single client.
Today internet security is a serious problem. For every consumer and business that is on the Internet,
viruses, worms and crackers are a few security threats. There are the obvious tools that aid information security
professionals against these problems such as anti-virus software, firewalls and intrusion detection systems, but
these systems can only react to or prevent attacks-they cannot give us information about the attacker, the tools
used or even the methods employed. Given all of these security questions honeypots are a novel approach to
network security and security research alike. It is a resource, which is intended to be attacked and compromised to
gain more information about the attacker and the used tools. It can also be deployed to attract and divert an
attacker from their real targets. Honeypots is an additional layer of security. Honeypots have the big advantage that
they do not generate false alerts as each observed traffic is suspicious, because no productive components are
running on the system. The levels of interaction determines the amount of functionality a honeypots provides that
is low and high interactions.
This document proposes a new approach to designing and developing a portable high interaction honeypot system. The key aspects are:
1) It implements the honeypot system on a USB device to provide easy installation, high portability, and plug-and-play operation.
2) The complete honeypot system runs as a live USB system, meaning the operating system runs entirely in memory rather than installing to the hard disk. This allows the system to be restored to its original state by rebooting.
3) It aims to reduce the difficulties in configuring and maintaining high interaction honeypots by making the system easy to deploy and restore. The portable design also helps boost security awareness for users.
Honeypots are decoy systems used to gather threat intelligence. They allow monitoring of attacks to better understand tactics and improve defenses. There are different types, including low-interaction virtual honeypots for ease of use and high-interaction physical honeypots for more detailed data. Honeypots are placed in various network locations and can operate as production systems to detect threats or research systems to collect information. They provide security benefits but also have limitations like narrow views and fingerprinting risks.
This document discusses honeypots as a solution for internet-based data security. It defines honeypots as fake computer systems designed to collect data on intruders by appearing as legitimate systems. The document outlines different types of honeypots including production honeypots for organizations, research honeypots to study hacker tactics, and database honeypots to capture SQL injections. It also discusses low and high interaction honeypots, with low interaction simulating services and high interaction using whole systems. Finally, it introduces honey nets as networks of monitored high interaction honeypots simulating a production environment.
In the cyber world more and more cyber-attacks are being perpetrated. Hackers have now become the warriors of the internet. They attack and do harmful things to compromised system. This paper will show the methodology use by hackers to gained access to system and the different tools used by them and how they are group based on their skills. It will identify exploits that can be used to attack a system and find mitigation to those exploits. In addition, the paper discusses the actual implementation of the hacking phases with the virtual machines use in the process. The virtual machines specification is also listed. it will also provide means and insights on how to protect one system from being compromised.
In the cyber world more and more cyber-attacks are being perpetrated. Hackers have now become the
warriors of the internet. They attack and do harmful things to compromised system. This paper will show
the methodology use by hackers to gained access to system and the different tools used by them and how
they are group based on their skills. It will identify exploits that can be used to attack a system and find
mitigation to those exploits.
This document discusses hybrid honeypots for network security. A hybrid honeypot combines low-interaction honeypots that act as lightweight proxies with high-interaction honeypots that can be fully compromised. The low-interaction honeypots filter traffic and only forward requests to open ports on the high-interaction honeypots. This reduces the load on the high-interaction honeypots while still allowing them to collect in-depth attack data. Signatures can be generated from the attack data to detect similar future attacks. The hybrid approach achieves benefits like maintaining a small number of high-interaction honeypots and containing infections.
This document discusses honeypots and the honeyd software. Honeypots are decoy servers that are used to detect intruders by appearing as normal servers but containing fake data. Honeyd is a honeypot daemon that can simulate a large network using a single host by creating virtual hosts with different personalities. It is used for distraction, detecting suspicious traffic, and learning about attack techniques. The document describes how to configure honeyd by setting virtual host properties and firewall rules to forward traffic to it.
This document provides an overview of honeypots, which are security resources that are intended to be probed, attacked, or compromised in order to gather information about attackers. Honeypots can be used to learn about past attacks, detect currently occurring attacks, and identify new types of attacks. They work by monitoring any traffic to resources that are not expected to receive data. Honeypots have advantages like reducing false alarms and providing data for analysis, but also have disadvantages like narrow visibility and risks of the attacker using the honeypot to attack other systems. The document discusses different types of honeypots including low and high interaction honeypots, and specific honeypot tools like Honeyd and Honeynets.
Honeypots are systems designed to detect attacks by simulating vulnerable systems and monitoring interactions. There are three main types - low-interaction honeypots like Honeyd that simulate services, and high-interaction Gen I and Gen II Honeynets that provide whole system emulations. Honeypots provide prevention by wasting attackers' time, detection of attacks, and research opportunities to understand attack techniques. While they add complexity, honeypots also help with incident response and protecting real systems from learned attacks. Future work may include easier administration, closer integration with other security tools, and more targeted uses.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Day by day the internet is becoming an essential part of everyone’s life. In India from 2015 – 2020, there is an increase in internet users by 400 million users. As technology and innovation are increasing rapidly. Security is a key point to keep things in order. Security and privacy are the biggest concern in the world let it is in any field or domain. There is no big difference in cyber security the security is the biggest concern worrying about attacks which could happen anytime. So, in this paper, we are going to talk about honeypot comprehensively. The aim is to track hacker to analyze and understand hacker attacker behavior to create a secure system which is sustainable and efficient. Anoop V Kanavi | Feon Jaison "Honeypot Methods and Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38045.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/38045/honeypot-methods-and-applications/anoop-v-kanavi
This document discusses honeypots, which are fake computer systems designed to attract hackers. Honeypots monitor the activity of hackers and collect data on their tactics. They are classified based on their level of interaction (low or high) and implementation environment (research or production). Honeypots provide advantages like detecting new hacking tools and minimizing resources needed. They also have disadvantages like limited visibility and risk of being hijacked. The document discusses practical applications of honeypots for preventing attacks, detecting intrusions, and conducting cyber forensics investigations.
To modify the fake filesystem in Kippo honeypot:
1. Browse to /honeydrive/kippo/data/fs
2. Create a new directory or file (e.g. myfiles)
3. Modify the script create_filesystem.py to include the newly created directory/file in the fake filesystem
4. Re-run the script to rebuild the fake filesystem pickle file with the modifications
5. Restart Kippo using ./start.sh
6. Now when an attacker SSH's in, they should see the new myfiles directory/file
The fake filesystem is built dynamically using Python scripts and stored in a pickle file. Modifying the creation script allows customizing what
The Honeynet Project is a non-profit organization that aims to improve internet security by learning about computer attacks. It deploys honeypots - computers designed to be hacked - to capture data on threats. The organization shares its research findings openly. It also operates a Honeynet Research Alliance of groups around the world collaborating on honeypot technologies and research.
This document discusses honeypots, which are decoy computer systems used to gather intelligence about cyber attacks. Honeypots can be classified based on their level of interaction, implementation, and purpose. Low-interaction honeypots like Honeyd simulate some system aspects with minimal risk, while high-interaction honeypots like Honeynet aim to be fully compromised. Honeynets form a network of honeypots to capture extensive attack information for research. The document outlines the architecture and functionality of Honeyd and Honeynet honeypots. Honeypots provide benefits like reduced false alarms and insights into attacker techniques, but also pose risks if they are detected.
Honeypot is an exciting new technology with enormous potential for the security community.It is resource which is intended to be attacked and compromised to gain more information about the attacker and his attack techniques.
Honeypots are systems designed to be probed, attacked, or compromised by cyber attackers. They serve several purposes including detecting attacks, learning how attackers operate, and providing network security. There are two main types - research honeypots which capture extensive information but are complex to deploy, and production honeypots which are easier to use but capture limited data. Honeypots can be low or high interaction, with high interaction honeypots providing more realistic and detailed insights but posing greater risks if compromised.
This ppt contains all the basics of honeypots like their types, implementation technologies, position in the network etc.
In the end, it contains a screenshot of a live honeypot processing.
This document discusses honeypots, which are decoy systems used to gather information about cyber attacks. Honeypots have no production value and anything accessing them is likely an unauthorized probe or attack. They are used to monitor networks for security threats without disrupting normal operations. Honeypots can be classified based on their level of interaction, implementation (physical or virtual), and purpose (production systems or research). They provide valuable security benefits like detecting intruders and gathering threat intelligence, but also have disadvantages like risks of being compromised.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
The document presents a design for context-aware vertical handoff in heterogeneous wireless networks. It aims to optimize handoff decisions based on context information. The design includes a context management framework to efficiently collect and share context data between network nodes. It also requires a flexible execution platform to adapt handoff policies based on dynamic context. Simulation results show the proposed context-aware approach reduces the number of handoffs and dropping probability compared to other algorithms, with moderate increase in delay.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This paper proposes a two-phase method for intrusion detection called 2PID. In the first phase, the KDD Cup 1999 dataset is clustered using fuzzy c-means clustering. In the second phase, outliers are detected using a distance-based technique and each pattern is assigned a class label. The results show that 2PID achieves a higher detection rate and greater overall accuracy than fuzzy c-means alone for binary classification of normal vs attack connections.
This document proposes a new approach to designing and developing a portable high interaction honeypot system. The key aspects are:
1) It implements the honeypot system on a USB device to provide easy installation, high portability, and plug-and-play operation.
2) The complete honeypot system runs as a live USB system, meaning the operating system runs entirely in memory rather than installing to the hard disk. This allows the system to be restored to its original state by rebooting.
3) It aims to reduce the difficulties in configuring and maintaining high interaction honeypots by making the system easy to deploy and restore. The portable design also helps boost security awareness for users.
Honeypots are decoy systems used to gather threat intelligence. They allow monitoring of attacks to better understand tactics and improve defenses. There are different types, including low-interaction virtual honeypots for ease of use and high-interaction physical honeypots for more detailed data. Honeypots are placed in various network locations and can operate as production systems to detect threats or research systems to collect information. They provide security benefits but also have limitations like narrow views and fingerprinting risks.
This document discusses honeypots as a solution for internet-based data security. It defines honeypots as fake computer systems designed to collect data on intruders by appearing as legitimate systems. The document outlines different types of honeypots including production honeypots for organizations, research honeypots to study hacker tactics, and database honeypots to capture SQL injections. It also discusses low and high interaction honeypots, with low interaction simulating services and high interaction using whole systems. Finally, it introduces honey nets as networks of monitored high interaction honeypots simulating a production environment.
In the cyber world more and more cyber-attacks are being perpetrated. Hackers have now become the warriors of the internet. They attack and do harmful things to compromised system. This paper will show the methodology use by hackers to gained access to system and the different tools used by them and how they are group based on their skills. It will identify exploits that can be used to attack a system and find mitigation to those exploits. In addition, the paper discusses the actual implementation of the hacking phases with the virtual machines use in the process. The virtual machines specification is also listed. it will also provide means and insights on how to protect one system from being compromised.
In the cyber world more and more cyber-attacks are being perpetrated. Hackers have now become the
warriors of the internet. They attack and do harmful things to compromised system. This paper will show
the methodology use by hackers to gained access to system and the different tools used by them and how
they are group based on their skills. It will identify exploits that can be used to attack a system and find
mitigation to those exploits.
This document discusses hybrid honeypots for network security. A hybrid honeypot combines low-interaction honeypots that act as lightweight proxies with high-interaction honeypots that can be fully compromised. The low-interaction honeypots filter traffic and only forward requests to open ports on the high-interaction honeypots. This reduces the load on the high-interaction honeypots while still allowing them to collect in-depth attack data. Signatures can be generated from the attack data to detect similar future attacks. The hybrid approach achieves benefits like maintaining a small number of high-interaction honeypots and containing infections.
This document discusses honeypots and the honeyd software. Honeypots are decoy servers that are used to detect intruders by appearing as normal servers but containing fake data. Honeyd is a honeypot daemon that can simulate a large network using a single host by creating virtual hosts with different personalities. It is used for distraction, detecting suspicious traffic, and learning about attack techniques. The document describes how to configure honeyd by setting virtual host properties and firewall rules to forward traffic to it.
This document provides an overview of honeypots, which are security resources that are intended to be probed, attacked, or compromised in order to gather information about attackers. Honeypots can be used to learn about past attacks, detect currently occurring attacks, and identify new types of attacks. They work by monitoring any traffic to resources that are not expected to receive data. Honeypots have advantages like reducing false alarms and providing data for analysis, but also have disadvantages like narrow visibility and risks of the attacker using the honeypot to attack other systems. The document discusses different types of honeypots including low and high interaction honeypots, and specific honeypot tools like Honeyd and Honeynets.
Honeypots are systems designed to detect attacks by simulating vulnerable systems and monitoring interactions. There are three main types - low-interaction honeypots like Honeyd that simulate services, and high-interaction Gen I and Gen II Honeynets that provide whole system emulations. Honeypots provide prevention by wasting attackers' time, detection of attacks, and research opportunities to understand attack techniques. While they add complexity, honeypots also help with incident response and protecting real systems from learned attacks. Future work may include easier administration, closer integration with other security tools, and more targeted uses.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Day by day the internet is becoming an essential part of everyone’s life. In India from 2015 – 2020, there is an increase in internet users by 400 million users. As technology and innovation are increasing rapidly. Security is a key point to keep things in order. Security and privacy are the biggest concern in the world let it is in any field or domain. There is no big difference in cyber security the security is the biggest concern worrying about attacks which could happen anytime. So, in this paper, we are going to talk about honeypot comprehensively. The aim is to track hacker to analyze and understand hacker attacker behavior to create a secure system which is sustainable and efficient. Anoop V Kanavi | Feon Jaison "Honeypot Methods and Applications" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38045.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/38045/honeypot-methods-and-applications/anoop-v-kanavi
This document discusses honeypots, which are fake computer systems designed to attract hackers. Honeypots monitor the activity of hackers and collect data on their tactics. They are classified based on their level of interaction (low or high) and implementation environment (research or production). Honeypots provide advantages like detecting new hacking tools and minimizing resources needed. They also have disadvantages like limited visibility and risk of being hijacked. The document discusses practical applications of honeypots for preventing attacks, detecting intrusions, and conducting cyber forensics investigations.
To modify the fake filesystem in Kippo honeypot:
1. Browse to /honeydrive/kippo/data/fs
2. Create a new directory or file (e.g. myfiles)
3. Modify the script create_filesystem.py to include the newly created directory/file in the fake filesystem
4. Re-run the script to rebuild the fake filesystem pickle file with the modifications
5. Restart Kippo using ./start.sh
6. Now when an attacker SSH's in, they should see the new myfiles directory/file
The fake filesystem is built dynamically using Python scripts and stored in a pickle file. Modifying the creation script allows customizing what
The Honeynet Project is a non-profit organization that aims to improve internet security by learning about computer attacks. It deploys honeypots - computers designed to be hacked - to capture data on threats. The organization shares its research findings openly. It also operates a Honeynet Research Alliance of groups around the world collaborating on honeypot technologies and research.
This document discusses honeypots, which are decoy computer systems used to gather intelligence about cyber attacks. Honeypots can be classified based on their level of interaction, implementation, and purpose. Low-interaction honeypots like Honeyd simulate some system aspects with minimal risk, while high-interaction honeypots like Honeynet aim to be fully compromised. Honeynets form a network of honeypots to capture extensive attack information for research. The document outlines the architecture and functionality of Honeyd and Honeynet honeypots. Honeypots provide benefits like reduced false alarms and insights into attacker techniques, but also pose risks if they are detected.
Honeypot is an exciting new technology with enormous potential for the security community.It is resource which is intended to be attacked and compromised to gain more information about the attacker and his attack techniques.
Honeypots are systems designed to be probed, attacked, or compromised by cyber attackers. They serve several purposes including detecting attacks, learning how attackers operate, and providing network security. There are two main types - research honeypots which capture extensive information but are complex to deploy, and production honeypots which are easier to use but capture limited data. Honeypots can be low or high interaction, with high interaction honeypots providing more realistic and detailed insights but posing greater risks if compromised.
This ppt contains all the basics of honeypots like their types, implementation technologies, position in the network etc.
In the end, it contains a screenshot of a live honeypot processing.
This document discusses honeypots, which are decoy systems used to gather information about cyber attacks. Honeypots have no production value and anything accessing them is likely an unauthorized probe or attack. They are used to monitor networks for security threats without disrupting normal operations. Honeypots can be classified based on their level of interaction, implementation (physical or virtual), and purpose (production systems or research). They provide valuable security benefits like detecting intruders and gathering threat intelligence, but also have disadvantages like risks of being compromised.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
The document presents a design for context-aware vertical handoff in heterogeneous wireless networks. It aims to optimize handoff decisions based on context information. The design includes a context management framework to efficiently collect and share context data between network nodes. It also requires a flexible execution platform to adapt handoff policies based on dynamic context. Simulation results show the proposed context-aware approach reduces the number of handoffs and dropping probability compared to other algorithms, with moderate increase in delay.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This paper proposes a two-phase method for intrusion detection called 2PID. In the first phase, the KDD Cup 1999 dataset is clustered using fuzzy c-means clustering. In the second phase, outliers are detected using a distance-based technique and each pattern is assigned a class label. The results show that 2PID achieves a higher detection rate and greater overall accuracy than fuzzy c-means alone for binary classification of normal vs attack connections.
A grain of gold will gild a great surface, but not so much as a grain of wisdomRhea Myers
This document contains a collection of short quotes and passages on a variety of topics including technology, humanity, wisdom, family, music, and marketing. It discusses how technology has outpaced humanity, the need for the music industry to sell access not just copies, and how words can travel far despite having no wings. The document also provides attribution for the sources of its texts and images.
1) China's economic growth target has been lowered to 7.5% as global activity has slowed due to the eurozone crisis. Inflation has also declined.
2) A survey of over 12,000 businesses found that Chinese businesses remain optimistic about the economy in the next year, though optimism is lower than in 2010. Shortage of orders is the top business growth constraint.
3) China's economy is forecast to grow around 8% annually through 2016, led by investment and rising consumption. Demographic changes may slow growth later this decade.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study that used finite element analysis to simulate sheet metal crimping processes. The study modeled the crimping of aluminum sheet metal with different angles of inclination. Results showed reducing crimp load requirements and improving contact with increasing inclination angles from 10 to 30 degrees. A three-layer crimp formation was also achieved through adjustments to better enable leak-proof joints. The finite element analysis provided insights into reducing stresses, loads, and material needs for more efficient and higher quality crimping processes.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on the dependency and use of electronic resources by faculty members at Pondicherry University and its affiliated colleges. It finds that the availability of electronic resources through technologies like the internet has significantly changed how information is accessed and used. The study examines the library collections at Pondicherry University, including over 33,000 electronic resources like e-books, e-journals, and databases. It investigates the purposes and frequency of use of electronic resources by faculty, as well as any problems in accessing them. The findings will help recommend improvements to e-reference services.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document analyzes spatial patterns of urbanization in Bangalore, India from 1973 to 2010 using remote sensing data and landscape metrics. Key findings include:
1) The percentage of urban area increased from 1.87% in 1973 to 28.47% in 2010, while vegetation decreased from 62.38% to 36.48% over the same period, indicating rapid urban expansion.
2) Urban growth was compact near the city center but became more dispersed in peripheral regions, showing a gradient of urbanization.
3) Landscape metrics were calculated for concentric zones to understand local spatial dynamics, revealing compact development in the core and sprawl on the outskirts.
4) Metrics like Shannon's entropy
Temporal and geographical variation of geo-hydrological risk to the populatio...Global Risk Forum GRFDavos
The document analyzes the temporal and geographic variation of landslide and flood risk in Italy. It collected data on over 1,200 landslide and flood events from 1850-2011, including the location and number of casualties. The risk analysis found the highest mortality rates were from landslides from 1911-1960. Certain climate classifications had similar trends in higher mortality rates for both landslides and floods. While risk occurs in frequently affected areas, the highest mortality rate in recent decades is from landslides.
Love don't get everything, it's true; what it don't get I can't use.Rhea Myers
The document discusses several topics related to technology and society, including how content can make money online, the impact of browsing history, and considerations around contemporary visuality and media. It notes the importance of combining information with knowledge to achieve a purpose. The conclusion recommends repurposing rich-client podcasts and wikis while remembering that change is happening all around us.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper on applying lean manufacturing concepts to improve productivity in the coal mining industry in India. It first provides background on lean thinking and identifies seven types of waste. It then discusses problems in coal mining, categorizing them based on involvement needed from other departments or management to implement solutions. Specifically, it identifies thin coal seams that are difficult to mine and human energy loss due to working conditions as significant problems. The document proposes applying lean tools like overall equipment effectiveness analysis and 5S to minimize waste and increase productivity.
The document discusses honeypot security. A honeypot is a decoy system designed to attract hackers to gain insight into attack techniques. Honeypots are classified as low-interaction (emulating services) or high-interaction (real systems). They can be deployed individually, alongside real servers, or in honeynets (fake networks). Examples of free and commercial honeypot systems are provided. While honeypots provide security benefits, risks exist if not properly isolated from production networks.
Client Honeypot Based Drive by Download Exploit Detection and their Categoriz...IJERA Editor
Client side attacks are those which exploits the vulnerabilities in client side applications such as browsers, plug-ins etc. The remote attackers execute the malicious code in end user’s system without his knowledge. Here in this research, we propose to detect and measure the drive by download class of malware which infect the end user’s system through HTTP based propagation mechanism. The purpose of this research is to introduce a class of technology known as client honeypot through which we execute the domains in a virtual machine in more optimized manner. Those virtual machines are the controlled environment for the execution of those URLs. During the execution of the websites, the PE files dropped into the system are logged and further analyzed for categorization of malware. Further the critical analysis has been performed by applying some reverse engineering techniques to categories the class of malware and source of infections performed by the malware.
Honeypots are systems designed to attract hackers in order to gather information about attacks and attackers. The document discusses different types of honeypots based on their level of interaction, from low-involvement honeypots that only provide basic services to high-involvement honeypots with a full operating system. It also covers honeypot placement options, information gathering techniques, and making honeypots appear attractive to attract more attackers. The goal is to learn about attack patterns and tools used by hackers to improve network defenses.
The document discusses honeypots, which are decoy computer systems used to detect cyber attacks. It describes two main types of honeypots: low-interaction honeypots, which emulate services and operating systems, and high-interaction honeypots, which use real systems and software. Low-interaction honeypots are easier to deploy but provide limited information, while high-interaction honeypots provide more complete data but also higher risks if not isolated properly. Specific honeypot examples discussed include Honeyd, a low-interaction honeypot, and Honeynets, which use entire decoy networks of high-interaction systems.
This document provides an overview of honeypots, which are decoy computer systems used to detect attacks. It discusses different types of honeypots classified by interaction level (low, medium, high) and purpose (research, production). Low interaction honeypots have limited interaction, while high interaction honeypots provide a realistic experience for attackers but carry more risk. The document also outlines how honeypots work, describing their ability to lure attackers by emulating real systems and then monitoring their activities. Honeypots provide valuable data for analyzing attack techniques while posing minimal risk to organizations' real networks and systems.
IRJET- Data Security using Honeypot SystemIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses honeypot systems, which are decoy computer systems used to detect cyber attacks.
2) Honeypots are classified as low, medium, or high interaction depending on how fully they mimic real systems and services. Low interaction honeypots are easier to deploy but provide limited information, while high interaction honeypots provide more realistic environments to study attackers.
3) Honeypots are used for research purposes to study hacking tools and methods or for production use by organizations to enhance network security. When combined with intrusion detection systems and firewalls, honeypots can improve an organization's ability to detect and respond to cyber threats.
This document provides a review of honeypots, which are specially designed networks that mimic real networks to attract and monitor hackers. It discusses different types of honeypots including based on interaction level (high, medium, low), deployment categories (production, research), and deployment modes (deception, intimidation, reconnaissance). Three open source honeypots - HoneyBOT, KF Sensors, and Valhala Honeypot - are analyzed based on parameters like response time, complexity, and detection/prevention abilities. Honeypots are found to be an effective security measure when combined with firewalls and intrusion detection systems to detect and prevent threats while learning about hacking techniques.
Honeypots are systems designed to capture unauthorized or illicit activity. They come in two main types: low-interaction honeypots emulate services and have limited interaction, while high-interaction honeypots use real systems and applications and can capture more extensive information but have higher risk. Honeyd is an example of a low-interaction honeypot that monitors unused IP space and emulates services like FTP to detect and log unauthorized activity.
The document discusses honeypots, which are computer systems designed to attract hackers in order to study their behavior. Honeypots come in two types - production honeypots, which directly protect networks, and research honeypots, which are used to gather threat intelligence. They also vary in their level of interaction, from low-interaction honeypots that emulate systems to high-interaction honeypots with fully functional operating systems. The goals of honeypots are to learn about new attacks, build attacker profiles, and identify vulnerabilities. They provide security benefits but also carry risks if compromised.
A Mitigation Technique For Internet Security Threat of Toolkits AttackCSCJournals
The development of attack toolkits conforms that cybercrime is driven primarily by financial motivations as noted from the significant profits made by both the developers and buyers. In this paper, an enhanced hybrid attack toolkit mitigation model was designed to tackle the economy of the attack toolkits using different techniques to discredit it. The mitigation looked into Zeus, a common and the most frequently used attack toolkit to discover the hidden information used by the attackers to launch attacks. This information helped in creating honey toolkits, honeybot and honeytokens. Honeybots are used to submit honeytoken to botmasters, who sells to the internet black market. Both the botmasters, his mules and buyers attempts to steal huge amount of money using the stolen credentials which includes both real and honeytokens and will be detected by an attack detector which sends an alert on any transaction involving the honeytokens. A reconfirmation process which is secured using enhanced RC6 cryptosystem is enacted. The reconfirmation message in plain text is securely encrypted into cipher text and transmitted from the bank to the legitimate account owner and vise visa. The result of the crypto analysis carried out on the encrypted text using RC6 encryption algorithm showed that the cipher text is not transparent.
AN ISP BASED NOTIFICATION AND DETECTION SYSTEM TO MAXIMIZE EFFICIENCY OF CLIE...IJNSA Journal
End users are increasingly vulnerable to attacks directed at web browsers which make the most of popularity of today’s web services. While organizations deploy several layers of security to protect their systems and data against unauthorised access, surveys reveal that a large fraction of end users do not utilize and/or are not familiar with any security tools. End users’ hesitation and unfamiliarity with security products contribute vastly to the number of online DDoS attacks, malware and Spam distribution. This work on progress paper proposes a design focused on the notion of increased participation of internet service providers in protecting end users. The proposed design takes advantage of three different detection tools to identify the maliciousness of a website content and alerts users through utilising Internet Content Adaptation Protocol (ICAP) by an In-Browser cross-platform messaging system. The system also incorporates the users’ online behaviour analysis to minimize the scanning intervals of malicious websites database by client honeypots. Findings from our proof of concept design and other research indicate that such a design can provide a reliable hybrid detection mechanism while introducing low delay time into user browsing experience.
IRJET-Detecting Hacker Activities using HoneypotIRJET Journal
This document discusses honeypots, which are decoy computer systems designed to detect hacking activity. It begins by defining honeypots and their purpose in network security. The document then categorizes honeypots based on their level of interaction (low, medium, high) and purpose (production vs research). Popular honeypot examples like Back Officer Friendly and Specter are described. The document concludes by discussing honeynets, advantages of honeypots like capturing new hacking tools, and some disadvantages.
This document discusses honeypots, which are computer systems set up to appear vulnerable in order to attract cyber attacks. It begins by defining honeypots and their purpose of learning about attacks without risking real systems. The document then covers intrusion detection systems (IDS), firewalls, and how honeypots compare to these methods. Honeypots are able to detect both known and unknown attacks, while providing detailed forensic data with fewer false positives than IDS. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of honeypots, and concludes they are useful for understanding attack strategies in order to improve security measures.
The document provides an overview of honeypots and guidelines for setting up and running a research honeynet. It defines honeypots and differentiates between research and production honeypots. It outlines technical requirements for setting up a honeynet, including separating it from other networks, controlling data flow, and capturing data for analysis. It discusses insights that can be gained about attackers' tools and behaviors from observing compromised honeypots. Specifically, it notes the prevalence of script kiddies scanning for vulnerabilities and how they indicate inexperienced attackers may still pose risks if configurations are not secure.
A Study on Honeypots and Deceiving Attacker using Modern Honeypot Networkijtsrd
A honeypot is a widely used security control to capture and analyse malicious network traffic. The main goal of honeypot is to monitor and receive log data, which can later be used to prevent future attacks. It imitates the contact between emulated computer and attacker with the objective of acquiring sufficient data for effective analysis and potential prevention of attacks. A honeypot is used to detect intruders in many fields such as defence, Government sectors, enterprises, higher institutions, Banking sectors, Nuclear reactors and many more. There are two types of honeypots that are deployed for different uses research honeypots and production honeypots. Research honeypots are focused on gathering information about the attack, used specifically for the purpose of learning about hacking methodologies. Production honeypots, on the other hand, are focused primarily on diverting attacks from important systems. This work detects the type of the intruders, analyses their strategy and strength of the attack. The deployment of honeypot detects various kinds of attacks using different sensors. Server is deployed in the cloud environment and sensors can be deployed in either in cloud or in Raspberry pi or machine. Server displays the feeds from sensors which is placed over different locations. Live rendering of attacks is shown in the dashboard and honey map points the exact geographic locations using longitude and latitude values. These logs can be further used to analyses and take essential measures in defence perspectives. Anil Tom | Dr. M N Nachappa "A Study on Honeypots and Deceiving Attacker using Modern Honeypot Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35900.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/35900/a-study-on-honeypots-and-deceiving-attacker-using-modern-honeypot-network/anil-tom
IRJET- A Cloud based Honeynet System for Attack Detection using Machine Learn...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed cloud-based honeynet system using machine learning techniques for attack detection. A honeynet is a collection of honeypots, which are decoy systems meant to be attacked in order to study attacker behavior and detect compromises. The proposed system involves deploying various honeypots (Dionaea, Cowrie, Honeytrap) in a private cloud to capture traffic from machines attempting unauthorized access. The logs generated by the honeynet are then analyzed using machine learning classification algorithms (SVM, Random Forest, Naive Bayes) to determine the most accurate one for distinguishing malicious from benign traffic for each honeypot. The system is intended to help secure a cloud network and detect any
This document provides an overview of techniques for identifying Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs). It discusses 5 styles of techniques: network traffic analysis, network forensics, payload analysis, endpoint behavior analysis, and endpoint forensics. For each style, it provides examples of specific techniques. It emphasizes that effective APT protection requires combining techniques from different styles and approaches. The information is intended to be informative but does not constitute an explicit recommendation of any product or approach.
This document discusses honeypots and honeynets. It begins by explaining that honeypots are fake vulnerable systems used to collect information from attackers without being harmed. There are two main types - low interaction honeypots that emulate services and high interaction honeypots that use real systems. Honeynets are networks of high interaction honeypots used to capture in-depth information on attacks. The document outlines the benefits of honeypots for gathering threat intelligence and tracking attackers. It also discusses some popular honeypot tools and the growing cybersecurity market.
A Review Of Intrusion Detection System In Computer NetworkAudrey Britton
This document provides an overview of intrusion detection systems (IDS) and the techniques used to implement them. It discusses that IDS are used to detect malicious actions on computer networks and protect important files and documents. The document then summarizes that IDS have four main components - sensors to monitor the system, a database to store event information, an analysis module to detect potential threats, and a response module to address detected threats. It also categorizes IDS based on the data source, detection approach, structure, and how intrusions are detected. Finally, the document outlines various techniques used in IDS, including artificial intelligence methods like neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms and machine learning approaches.
Similar to IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (19)
A Novel Method for Prevention of Bandwidth Distributed Denial of Service AttacksIJERD Editor
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks became a massive threat to the Internet. Traditional
Architecture of internet is vulnerable to the attacks like DDoS. Attacker primarily acquire his army of Zombies,
then that army will be instructed by the Attacker that when to start an attack and on whom the attack should be
done. In this paper, different techniques which are used to perform DDoS Attacks, Tools that were used to
perform Attacks and Countermeasures in order to detect the attackers and eliminate the Bandwidth Distributed
Denial of Service attacks (B-DDoS) are reviewed. DDoS Attacks were done by using various Flooding
techniques which are used in DDoS attack.
The main purpose of this paper is to design an architecture which can reduce the Bandwidth
Distributed Denial of service Attack and make the victim site or server available for the normal users by
eliminating the zombie machines. Our Primary focus of this paper is to dispute how normal machines are
turning into zombies (Bots), how attack is been initiated, DDoS attack procedure and how an organization can
save their server from being a DDoS victim. In order to present this we implemented a simulated environment
with Cisco switches, Routers, Firewall, some virtual machines and some Attack tools to display a real DDoS
attack. By using Time scheduling, Resource Limiting, System log, Access Control List and some Modular
policy Framework we stopped the attack and identified the Attacker (Bot) machines
Hearing loss is one of the most common human impairments. It is estimated that by year 2015 more
than 700 million people will suffer mild deafness. Most can be helped by hearing aid devices depending on the
severity of their hearing loss. This paper describes the implementation and characterization details of a dual
channel transmitter front end (TFE) for digital hearing aid (DHA) applications that use novel micro
electromechanical- systems (MEMS) audio transducers and ultra-low power-scalable analog-to-digital
converters (ADCs), which enable a very-low form factor, energy-efficient implementation for next-generation
DHA. The contribution of the design is the implementation of the dual channel MEMS microphones and powerscalable
ADC system.
Influence of tensile behaviour of slab on the structural Behaviour of shear c...IJERD Editor
-A composite beam is composed of a steel beam and a slab connected by means of shear connectors
like studs installed on the top flange of the steel beam to form a structure behaving monolithically. This study
analyzes the effects of the tensile behavior of the slab on the structural behavior of the shear connection like slip
stiffness and maximum shear force in composite beams subjected to hogging moment. The results show that the
shear studs located in the crack-concentration zones due to large hogging moments sustain significantly smaller
shear force and slip stiffness than the other zones. Moreover, the reduction of the slip stiffness in the shear
connection appears also to be closely related to the change in the tensile strain of rebar according to the increase
of the load. Further experimental and analytical studies shall be conducted considering variables such as the
reinforcement ratio and the arrangement of shear connectors to achieve efficient design of the shear connection
in composite beams subjected to hogging moment.
Gold prospecting using Remote Sensing ‘A case study of Sudan’IJERD Editor
Gold has been extracted from northeast Africa for more than 5000 years, and this may be the first
place where the metal was extracted. The Arabian-Nubian Shield (ANS) is an exposure of Precambrian
crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea. The crystalline rocks are mostly Neoproterozoic in age. ANS
includes the nations of Israel, Jordan. Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Somalia.
Arabian Nubian Shield Consists of juvenile continental crest that formed between 900 550 Ma, when intra
oceanic arc welded together along ophiolite decorated arc. Primary Au mineralization probably developed in
association with the growth of intra oceanic arc and evolution of back arc. Multiple episodes of deformation
have obscured the primary metallogenic setting, but at least some of the deposits preserve evidence that they
originate as sea floor massive sulphide deposits.
The Red Sea Hills Region is a vast span of rugged, harsh and inhospitable sector of the Earth with
inimical moon-like terrain, nevertheless since ancient times it is famed to be an abode of gold and was a major
source of wealth for the Pharaohs of ancient Egypt. The Pharaohs old workings have been periodically
rediscovered through time. Recent endeavours by the Geological Research Authority of Sudan led to the
discovery of a score of occurrences with gold and massive sulphide mineralizations. In the nineties of the
previous century the Geological Research Authority of Sudan (GRAS) in cooperation with BRGM utilized
satellite data of Landsat TM using spectral ratio technique to map possible mineralized zones in the Red Sea
Hills of Sudan. The outcome of the study mapped a gossan type gold mineralization. Band ratio technique was
applied to Arbaat area and a signature of alteration zone was detected. The alteration zones are commonly
associated with mineralization. The alteration zones are commonly associated with mineralization. A filed check
confirmed the existence of stock work of gold bearing quartz in the alteration zone. Another type of gold
mineralization that was discovered using remote sensing is the gold associated with metachert in the Atmur
Desert.
Reducing Corrosion Rate by Welding DesignIJERD Editor
This document summarizes a study on reducing corrosion rates in steel through welding design. The researchers tested different welding groove designs (X, V, 1/2X, 1/2V) and preheating temperatures (400°C, 500°C, 600°C) on ferritic malleable iron samples. Testing found that X and V groove designs with 500°C and 600°C preheating had corrosion rates of 0.5-0.69% weight loss after 14 days, compared to 0.57-0.76% for 400°C preheating. Higher preheating reduced residual stresses which decreased corrosion. Residual stresses were 1.7 MPa for optimal X groove and 600°C
Router 1X3 – RTL Design and VerificationIJERD Editor
Routing is the process of moving a packet of data from source to destination and enables messages
to pass from one computer to another and eventually reach the target machine. A router is a networking device
that forwards data packets between computer networks. It is connected to two or more data lines from different
networks (as opposed to a network switch, which connects data lines from one single network). This paper,
mainly emphasizes upon the study of router device, it‟s top level architecture, and how various sub-modules of
router i.e. Register, FIFO, FSM and Synchronizer are synthesized, and simulated and finally connected to its top
module.
Active Power Exchange in Distributed Power-Flow Controller (DPFC) At Third Ha...IJERD Editor
This paper presents a component within the flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family, called
distributed power-flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power-flow controller (UPFC)
with an eliminated common dc link. The DPFC has the same control capabilities as the UPFC, which comprise
the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. The active power exchange
between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the
transmission lines at the third-harmonic frequency. DPFC multiple small-size single-phase converters which
reduces the cost of equipment, no voltage isolation between phases, increases redundancy and there by
reliability increases. The principle and analysis of the DPFC are presented in this paper and the corresponding
simulation results that are carried out on a scaled prototype are also shown.
Mitigation of Voltage Sag/Swell with Fuzzy Control Reduced Rating DVRIJERD Editor
Power quality has been an issue that is becoming increasingly pivotal in industrial electricity
consumers point of view in recent times. Modern industries employ Sensitive power electronic equipments,
control devices and non-linear loads as part of automated processes to increase energy efficiency and
productivity. Voltage disturbances are the most common power quality problem due to this the use of a large
numbers of sophisticated and sensitive electronic equipment in industrial systems is increased. This paper
discusses the design and simulation of dynamic voltage restorer for improvement of power quality and
reduce the harmonics distortion of sensitive loads. Power quality problem is occurring at non-standard
voltage, current and frequency. Electronic devices are very sensitive loads. In power system voltage sag,
swell, flicker and harmonics are some of the problem to the sensitive load. The compensation capability
of a DVR depends primarily on the maximum voltage injection ability and the amount of stored
energy available within the restorer. This device is connected in series with the distribution feeder at
medium voltage. A fuzzy logic control is used to produce the gate pulses for control circuit of DVR and the
circuit is simulated by using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Study on the Fused Deposition Modelling In Additive ManufacturingIJERD Editor
Additive manufacturing process, also popularly known as 3-D printing, is a process where a product
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final shape of a product, 3-D printing develops the product from scratch thus obviating the necessity to cut away
materials. This prevents wastage of raw materials. Commonly used raw materials for the process are ABS
plastic, PLA and nylon. Recently the use of gold, bronze and wood has also been implemented. The complexity
factor of this process is 0% as in any object of any shape and size can be manufactured.
Spyware triggering system by particular string valueIJERD Editor
This computer programme can be used for good and bad purpose in hacking or in any general
purpose. We can say it is next step for hacking techniques such as keylogger and spyware. Once in this system if
user or hacker store particular string as a input after that software continually compare typing activity of user
with that stored string and if it is match then launch spyware programme.
A Blind Steganalysis on JPEG Gray Level Image Based on Statistical Features a...IJERD Editor
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schemes i.e. Jsteg, F5, Outguess and DWT Based. The proposed method exploits the correlations between
block-DCTcoefficients from intra-block and inter-block relation and the statistical moments of characteristic
functions of the test image is selected as features. The features are extracted from the BDCT JPEG 2-array.
Support Vector Machine with cross-validation is implemented for the classification.The proposed scheme gives
improved outcome in attacking.
Secure Image Transmission for Cloud Storage System Using Hybrid SchemeIJERD Editor
- Data over the cloud is transferred or transmitted between servers and users. Privacy of that
data is very important as it belongs to personal information. If data get hacked by the hacker, can be
used to defame a person’s social data. Sometimes delay are held during data transmission. i.e. Mobile
communication, bandwidth is low. Hence compression algorithms are proposed for fast and efficient
transmission, encryption is used for security purposes and blurring is used by providing additional
layers of security. These algorithms are hybridized for having a robust and efficient security and
transmission over cloud storage system.
Application of Buckley-Leverett Equation in Modeling the Radius of Invasion i...IJERD Editor
A thorough review of existing literature indicates that the Buckley-Leverett equation only analyzes
waterflood practices directly without any adjustments on real reservoir scenarios. By doing so, quite a number
of errors are introduced into these analyses. Also, for most waterflood scenarios, a radial investigation is more
appropriate than a simplified linear system. This study investigates the adoption of the Buckley-Leverett
equation to estimate the radius invasion of the displacing fluid during waterflooding. The model is also adopted
for a Microbial flood and a comparative analysis is conducted for both waterflooding and microbial flooding.
Results shown from the analysis doesn’t only records a success in determining the radial distance of the leading
edge of water during the flooding process, but also gives a clearer understanding of the applicability of
microbes to enhance oil production through in-situ production of bio-products like bio surfactans, biogenic
gases, bio acids etc.
Gesture Gaming on the World Wide Web Using an Ordinary Web CameraIJERD Editor
- Gesture gaming is a method by which users having a laptop/pc/x-box play games using natural or
bodily gestures. This paper presents a way of playing free flash games on the internet using an ordinary webcam
with the help of open source technologies. Emphasis in human activity recognition is given on the pose
estimation and the consistency in the pose of the player. These are estimated with the help of an ordinary web
camera having different resolutions from VGA to 20mps. Our work involved giving a 10 second documentary to
the user on how to play a particular game using gestures and what are the various kinds of gestures that can be
performed in front of the system. The initial inputs of the RGB values for the gesture component is obtained by
instructing the user to place his component in a red box in about 10 seconds after the short documentary before
the game is finished. Later the system opens the concerned game on the internet on popular flash game sites like
miniclip, games arcade, GameStop etc and loads the game clicking at various places and brings the state to a
place where the user is to perform only gestures to start playing the game. At any point of time the user can call
off the game by hitting the esc key and the program will release all of the controls and return to the desktop. It
was noted that the results obtained using an ordinary webcam matched that of the Kinect and the users could
relive the gaming experience of the free flash games on the net. Therefore effective in game advertising could
also be achieved thus resulting in a disruptive growth to the advertising firms.
Hardware Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Isolated Circuits And...IJERD Editor
-LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region[5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits.
Simulated Analysis of Resonant Frequency Converter Using Different Tank Circu...IJERD Editor
LLC resonant frequency converter is basically a combo of series as well as parallel resonant ckt. For
LCC resonant converter it is associated with a disadvantage that, though it has two resonant frequencies, the
lower resonant frequency is in ZCS region [5]. For this application, we are not able to design the converter
working at this resonant frequency. LLC resonant converter existed for a very long time but because of
unknown characteristic of this converter it was used as a series resonant converter with basically a passive
(resistive) load. . Here, it was designed to operate in switching frequency higher than resonant frequency of the
series resonant tank of Lr and Cr converter acts very similar to Series Resonant Converter. The benefit of LLC
resonant converter is narrow switching frequency range with light load[6] . Basically, the control ckt plays a
very imp. role and hence 555 Timer used here provides a perfect square wave as the control ckt provides no
slew rate which makes the square wave really strong and impenetrable. The dead band circuit provides the
exclusive dead band in micro seconds so as to avoid the simultaneous firing of two pairs of IGBT’s where one
pair switches off and the other on for a slightest period of time. Hence, the isolator ckt here is associated with
each and every ckt used because it acts as a driver and an isolation to each of the IGBT is provided with one
exclusive transformer supply[3]. The IGBT’s are fired using the appropriate signal using the previous boards
and hence at last a high frequency rectifier ckt with a filtering capacitor is used to get an exact dc
waveform .The basic goal of this particular analysis is to observe the wave forms and characteristics of
converters with differently positioned passive elements in the form of tank circuits. The supported simulation
is done through PSIM 6.0 software tool
Amateurs Radio operator, also known as HAM communicates with other HAMs through Radio
waves. Wireless communication in which Moon is used as natural satellite is called Moon-bounce or EME
(Earth -Moon-Earth) technique. Long distance communication (DXing) using Very High Frequency (VHF)
operated amateur HAM radio was difficult. Even with the modest setup having good transceiver, power
amplifier and high gain antenna with high directivity, VHF DXing is possible. Generally 2X11 YAGI antenna
along with rotor to set horizontal and vertical angle is used. Moon tracking software gives exact location,
visibility of Moon at both the stations and other vital data to acquire real time position of moon.
“MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to Extract Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chrom...IJERD Editor
Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR), also known as Microsatellites, have been extensively used as
molecular markers due to their abundance and high degree of polymorphism. The nucleotide sequences of
polymorphic forms of the same gene should be 99.9% identical. So, Microsatellites extraction from the Gene is
crucial. However, Microsatellites repeat count is compared, if they differ largely, he has some disorder. The Y
chromosome likely contains 50 to 60 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. Because only males
have the Y chromosome, the genes on this chromosome tend to be involved in male sex determination and
development. Several Microsatellite Extractors exist and they fail to extract microsatellites on large data sets of
giga bytes and tera bytes in size. The proposed tool “MS-Extractor: An Innovative Approach to extract
Microsatellites on „Y‟ Chromosome” can extract both Perfect as well as Imperfect Microsatellites from large
data sets of human genome „Y‟. The proposed system uses string matching with sliding window approach to
locate Microsatellites and extracts them.
Importance of Measurements in Smart GridIJERD Editor
- The need to get reliable supply, independence from fossil fuels, and capability to provide clean
energy at a fixed and lower cost, the existing power grid structure is transforming into Smart Grid. The
development of a smart energy distribution grid is a current goal of many nations. A Smart Grid should have
new capabilities such as self-healing, high reliability, energy management, and real-time pricing. This new era
of smart future grid will lead to major changes in existing technologies at generation, transmission and
distribution levels. The incorporation of renewable energy resources and distribution generators in the existing
grid will increase the complexity, optimization problems and instability of the system. This will lead to a
paradigm shift in the instrumentation and control requirements for Smart Grids for high quality, stable and
reliable electricity supply of power. The monitoring of the grid system state and stability relies on the
availability of reliable measurement of data. In this paper the measurement areas that highlight new
measurement challenges, development of the Smart Meters and the critical parameters of electric energy to be
monitored for improving the reliability of power systems has been discussed.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
The document summarizes a study on the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder to replace cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests were conducted on SCC mixes with 0-50% replacement of cement with GGBS and 0-20% replacement with limestone powder. The results showed that replacing 30% of cement with GGBS and 15% with limestone powder produced SCC with the highest compressive strength of 46MPa, meeting fresh property requirements. The study concluded that this ternary blend of cement, GGBS and limestone powder can improve SCC properties while reducing costs.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
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Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
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IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
1. International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 2, Issue 10 (August 2012), PP. 23-27
Comparative Study of Different Honeypots System
Ashish Girdhar1, Sanmeet Kaur2
1
Student (M.Tech), Patiala Thapar University,
2
Assistant Professor, SMCA Patiala, Thapar University,
Abstract––A honeypot is a closely monitored network decoy serving several purposes: it can distract adversaries from
more valuable machines on a network, provide early warning about new attack and exploitation trends and allow in-
depth examination of adversaries during and after exploitation of a honeypot. The concept of honeypots was first
proposed in Clifford Stoll's book “The Cuckoo's Egg", and Bill Cheswick's paper “An Evening with Berferd”. Honeypots
as an easy target for the attackers can simulate many vulnerable hosts in the network and provide us with valuable
information of the attackers. Honeypots are not the solution to the network security but they are tools which are
implemented for discovering unwanted activities on a network. They are not intrusion detectors, but they teach us how to
improve our network security or more importantly, teach us what to look for. Honeypot is a system which is built and set
up in order to be hacked. Except for this, honeypot is also a trap system for the attackers which is deployed to counteract
the resources of the attacker and slow him down, thus he wastes his time on the honeypot instead of attacking the
production systems. This paper discusses honeypots basics, types of honeypots, various honeypots, advantages and
disadvantages of honeypots and the last section presents the comparison between different honeypots systems.
Keywords––Honeypots, Honeyd, Specter, Network Security, Honeynet.
I. INTRODUCTION TO HONEYPOTS
In general the term „honeypot‟ is usually being used for representing “a container (or pot) of honey”. But in the
case of computer security, this term is being used to represent a computer security concept that is solely based on deception
[2]. Honeypot is a resource to trap the attacker‟s tools and activities. Lance Spitzner, the founder of The Honeynet Project
organization, defines a honeypots as: “Honeypot is a security resource whose value lies in being probed, attacked or
compromised” [3].
This definition tells the nature of honeypot. It means that if no one attacks honeypot, it is nothing. But honeypot is
a valuable security tool if it is being attacked by the attacker. Other security tools such as firewall and IDS are completely
passive for that their task is to prevent or detect attacks. Honeypot actively give a way to attacker to gain information about
new intrusions. This nature makes honeypot outstanding to aid other security tools. Honeypot differ according to different
use. It could be an emulated application, a fully functional operating system with default configuration or an actual net
including different OS and applications, even an emulated network on a single machine.
Honeypots are very different, and it is this difference that makes them such a powerful tool. Honeypots do not
solve a specific problem. Instead, they are a highly flexible tool that has many applications to security. They can be used to
slow down or stop automated attacks, capture new exploits to gather intelligence on emerging threats or to give early
warning and prediction. They come in many different shapes and sizes. They can be either a Windows program that
emulates common services, such as the Windows honeypot KFSensor3 or entire networks of real computers to be attacked,
such as Honeynets.
II. TYPES OF HONEYPOTS
In general honeypots can be divided in to two categories:
Production honeypots
Research honeypots[4]
2.1 Production Honeypots
Production honeypots are used to assist an organization in protecting its internal IT infrastructure. They are
valuable to the organization especially commercial, as they help to reduce the risk that a specific organization faces. They
secure the organization by policing its IT environment to identify attacks. These honeypots are useful in catching hackers
with criminal intentions. The implementation and deployment of these honeypots are relatively easier than research
honeypots .One of the reasons is that they have less purpose and require fewer functions. As a result, they also provide less
evidence about hacker‟s attack patterns and motives.
2.2 Research Honeypots
Research honeypots are complex. They are designed to collect as much information as possible about the hackers
and their activities. They are not specifically valuable to an organization. Their primary mission is to research the threats
organization may face, such as who the attackers are, how they are organized, what kind of tools they use to attack other
systems, and where they obtained those tools. While production honeypots are like the police, research honeypots act as their
23
2. Comparative Study of Different Honeypots System
intelligence counterpart and their mission is to collect information about the attacker. The information gathered by research
honeypots will help the organization to better understand the hackers attack patterns, motives and how they function. They
are also an excellent tool to capture automated attacks such as worms.
III. CLASSIFICATION OF HONEYPOTS
According to the level of involvement between the attacker and the honeypots, the honeypots can be divided into three
categories:
Low-interaction honeypots
Medium-interaction honeypots
High-interaction honeypots.
3.1 Low-Interaction Honeypots
Low-interaction honeypots are the easiest to install, configure, deploy, and maintain because of their simple design
and basic functionality. Normally these technologies merely emulate a variety of services. The attacker is limited to
interacting with these pre designated services. For example, a low-interaction honeypot could emulate a standard Unix server
with several running services, such as Telnet and FTP. An attacker could Telnet to the honeypot, get a banner that states the
operating system, and perhaps obtain a login prompt. The attacker can then attempt to login by brute force or by guessing the
passwords. The honeypot would capture and collect these attempts, but there is no real operating system for the attacker to
log on to. The attacker's interaction is limited to login attempts.
Since low-interaction honeypots are simple, they have the lowest level of risk. There is little functionality offered,
there is less to go wrong. There is also no operating system for the attacker to interact with, so the honeypot cannot be used
to attack or monitor other systems. Low-interaction honeypots are easy to deploy and maintain because they have limited
interaction capabilities, which also reduces risk [5].
3.2 Medium-interaction Honeypots
In terms of interaction, medium-interaction honeypots are more advanced than low-interaction honeypots, but less
advanced than high interaction honeypots. Medium-Interaction honeypots also do not have a real operating system, but the
services provided are more sophisticated technically. Here the levels of honeypots get complicated so the risk also increases
especially with regards to vulnerability.
3.3 High-interaction Honeypots
High-interaction honeypots are different; they are a complex solution and involve the deployment of real operating
systems and applications. They capture the extensive amounts of information and allowing attackers to interact with real
systems where the full extent of their behavior can be studied and recorded. Examples of high-interaction honeypots include
Honeynets and Sebek. These kinds of honeypots are really time consuming to design, manage and maintain. Among the
three types of honeypots, these honeypots possess a huge risk. But, the information and evidence gathered for analysis is
very large. With these types of honeypots we can learn what are the kind of tools hackers use, what kind of exploits they
use, what kind of vulnerabilities they normally look for, their knowledge in hacking and surfing their way through operating
systems and how or what the hackers interact about[5].
IV. TRADEOFFS BETWEEN HONEYPOT LEVELS OF INTERACTION
Table 1 summarizes the tradeoffs between different levels of interaction in four categories. The first category is
installation and configuration effort, which defines the time and effort in installing and configuring the honeypot. In general,
if the level of interaction between the user and the honeypot is more then the effort required to install and configure the
honeypot is also significant.
The second category is deployment and maintenance. This category defines the time and effort involved in
deploying and maintaining the honeypot. Once again, the more functionality provided by the honeypot, the more is the effort
required to deploy and maintain the honeypot.
The third category is information gathering which means how much information can the honeypot gain on
attackers and their activities? High-interaction honeypots can gather vast amounts of information, whereas low-interaction
honeypots are highly limited.
Finally, level of interaction impacts the amount of risk introduced. The greater the level of interaction, the more
functionality provided to the attacker and the greater the complexity. Combined, these elements can introduce a great deal of
risk. On the other hand, low-interaction honeypots are very simple and offer a little interaction to attackers and thus a very
little risk is associated with them.
Table 1: Tradeoffs between Honeypot Levels of Interaction [1]
Degree of involvement Low Medium High
Installation and configuration effort Easy Medium Difficult
Deployment and maintenance effort Easy Medium Difficult
Information Gathering Limited Medium Extensive
Level of Risk Low Medium High
24
3. Comparative Study of Different Honeypots System
V. HONEYPOTS SYSTEMS
Five honeypots are discussed in the following section.
ManTrap
Back officer friendly
Specter
Honeyd
Honeynet
5.1 ManTrap
ManTrap is a high-interaction commercial honeypot created, maintained, and sold by Recourse Technologies.
ManTrap creates a highly controlled operating environment that an attacker can interact with. It creates a fully functional
operating system containing virtual cages rather than a limited operating system. The cages are logically controlled
environments from which the attacker is unable to exit and attack the host system. However, instead of creating an empty
cage and filling it with certain functionality ManTrap creates cages that are mirror copies of the master operating system.
Each cage is a fully functional operating system that has the same capabilities as a production installation.
This approach creates a very powerful and flexible solution. Each cage is its own virtual world with few
limitations. An administrator can customize each cage as he would a physically separate system. He can create users, install
applications, run processes, and even compile his own binaries. When an intruder attacks and gains access to a cage, to the
attacker it looks as if the cage is a truly separate physical system. He is not aware that he is in a caged environment where
every action and keystroke is recorded [6].
5.2 BackOfficer Friendly (BOF)
BackOfficer Friendly, or BOF as it is commonly called, is a simple, free honeypot solution developed by Marcus
Ranum. It is extremely simple to install, easy to configure, and low maintenance. However, this simplicity comes at a cost.
Its capabilities are severely limited. It has a small set of services that simply listen on ports, with notably limited emulation
capabilities.
It works by creating port listeners, or open sockets, that bind to a port and detect any connections made to these
ports. When a connection is made to the port, the port listeners establish a full TCP connection (if the service is TCP), log
the attempt, generate an alert, and then close the connection, depending on how the service is configured. Everything BOF
does happen in user space. It does not build or customize any packets when responding to connections. Because of this
simple model, BOF can run on any Windows platform, including Windows 95 and Windows 98[1].
5.3 Specter
Specter is a commercially supported honeypot developed and sold by the folks at NetSec. Like
BOF, Specter is a low-interaction honeypot. However, Specter has far greater functionality and capabilities than
BOF. Not only can Specter emulate more services, it can emulate different operating systems and vulnerabilities. It also has
extensive alerting and logging capabilities. Because Specter only emulates services with limited interaction, it is easy to
deploy, simple to maintain, and is low risk. However, compared to medium- and high-interaction honeypots, it is limited in
the amount of information it can gather. Specter is primarily a production honeypot. Specter shares the same limitations as
BOF. Specifically, it cannot listen on or monitor a port that is already owned by another application. If any service listening
on the FTP port (port 21), then Specter is unable to monitor on that port. Specter can only monitor ports that are not owned
by any other applications. It also has the capability of emulating different operating systems. This is done by changing the
behavior of the services to mimic the selected operating system [6].
5.4 Honeyd
Honeyd is developed and maintained by Niels Provos of the University of Michigan and was first released in April
2002. It is designed as a low-interaction solution; there is no operating system intended for an attacker to gain access to, only
emulated services. Honeyd is designed primarily as a production honeypot, used to detect attacks or unauthorized activity
[1].
Honeyd works on the principle that when it receives a probe or a connection for a system that does not exist, it
assumes that the connection attempt is hostile, most likely a probe, scan, or attack. When Honeyd receives such traffic, it
assumes the IP address of the intended destination (making it the victim). It then starts an emulated service for the port that
the connection is attempting. Once the emulated service is started, it interacts with the attacker and captures all of his
activity. When the attacker is done, the emulated service exits and is no longer running. Honeyd then continues to wait for
any more traffic or connection attempts to systems that do not exist. Honeyd assumes an IP address and runs an emulated
service only when it receives a connection attempted for a system that does not exist, an extremely efficient method. As
Honeyd receives more attacks, it repeats the process of assuming the IP address of the intended victim, starting the
respective emulated service under attack, interacting with the attacker, and capturing the attack, and finally exiting. It can
emulate multiple IP addresses and interact with different attackers all at the same time.
5.5 Honeynets
Honeynets represent the extreme of high-interaction honeypots. Not only does it provide the attacker with a
complete operating system to attack and interact with, it may also provide multiple honeypots. Honeynets are nothing more
than a variety of standard systems deployed within a highly controlled network. By their nature, these systems become
25
4. Comparative Study of Different Honeypots System
honeypots, since their value is in being probed, attacked, or compromised. The controlled network captures all the activity
that happens within the Honeynet and decreases the risk by containing the attacker's activity.
Honeynets are a simple mechanism that works on the same principle as a honeypot. You create a resource that has
little or no production traffic. Anything sent to the Honeynet is suspect, potentially a probe, scan, or even an attack.
Anything sent from a Honeynet implies that it has been compromised— an attacker or tool is launching activity. However,
Honeynets take the concept of honeypots one step further: Instead of a single system, a Honeynet is a physical network of
multiple systems.
Honeynets are not a product you install or an appliance you drop on your network. Instead, Honeynets are an
architecture that builds a highly controlled network, within which you can place any system or application you want [7].
Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages of various honeypots [1]
Name of Honeypot Advantages Disadvantages
ManTrap Provides response mechanism based Need highly skilled expertise to
on frequency analysis and shuts down maintain and deploy these kinds of
machines by monitoring increased honeypots.
hacker activity.
Even with that, the risk involved for
Provides stealth monitoring and thus getting compromised remains and if
live attack analysis. these are connected to the production
servers a thorough risk analysis has to
Detects both host and network based be done.
intrusions
BOF Easy to install, configure and Limited to seven ports on which it can
maintain. detect attacks.
Runs on any windows or Unix based Ports cannot be customized, increasing
platform. the possibility of fingerprinting.
Little risk due to simplicity. No remote logging, alerting or
configuring personality.
Specter Easy to install, configure and deploy. Monitors only 14 ports.
Preprogrammed emulated services are
Extensive service emulation. limited to interacting with known
Monitors twice as many ports as BOF. behavior.
Outstanding notification capabilities. Limitations on information collected,
mainly to transactional information
and the attacker's interaction with the
seven emulated services.
Honeyd Can monitor any TCP or UDP port As a low interaction solution, it cannot
and entire networks. provide real operating system for
attackers to interact with.
As an open source solution, it is free
and will develop quickly with the As an open source solution, it provides
input and development of others in no formal support for maintenance and
security community. troubleshooting.
Resist fingerprinting efforts by No built in mechanism for alerting
emulating operating system at IP stack
level.
Honeynets Flexibility-any system can be placed Complexity of deployment and
in Honeynet environment. resources required to maintain.
Extensive data capture capabilities for High interaction functionality,
both known and unknown tools and introduces the risk of attackers using
tactics. the systems to attack, harm other
system.
Adaptable to many organizations and
environments. New and immature technologies have
a greater risk of breaking and
introducing errors.
VI. COMPARISON OF VARIOUS HONEYPOTS:
In this section five honeypots are compared in the tabular form.
26
5. Comparative Study of Different Honeypots System
The interaction level between the user and the honeypot is high in case of Mantrap, specter and Honeynet and this
level is low in case of BOF and honeyd.
Honeyd and Honeynet are freely available whereas Mantrap, specter and BOF are not freely available.
Honeyd and Honeynet are open source whereas Mantrap, specter and BOF are not open source.
BOF does not support Log file whereas rest of the honeypots support log file.
BOF does not emulate the operating system whereas rest of the four honeypots can emulate operating system.
Unlimited services are supported by the ManTrap, Honeyd and Honeynet whereas limited services are supported
by the BOF and specter.
Table 3: Comparison of various honeypots
ManTrap BOF Specter Honeyd Honeynet
Interaction High Low High Low High
Level
Freely No No No Yes Yes
Available
Open Source No No No Yes Yes
Log file Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Support
OS Yes No Yes Yes Yes
Emulation
Supported Unrestricted 7 13 Unrestricted Unrestricted
Services
VII. CONCLUSION
Honeypots are the security resources that can help in achieving network security. Different honeypots systems
have been discussed in the paper. An effort has also been made to compare the different systems. Each honeypot has its
advantages and disadvantages. Different honeypot system can be deployed under different conditions. An administrator can
choose any of the five honeypots discussed in the paper according to his requirements.
REFERENCES
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