This document provides an overview of e-learning and open educational resources (OER) for libraries. It discusses how e-learning and OER can be useful for libraries and how libraries can help their organizations with e-learning and OER needs. It also covers challenges with textbooks costs, evolving models of e-learning, the role of standards in interoperability, and recommendations for libraries to promote openness through infrastructure, repositories, and integrating library resources with virtual learning environments.

1. E-learning
and OER
primer for libraries
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Prof. dr. Frederik Questier
Workshop for Lib@web 2015
VLIR International Training Program
November 2015 @ University of Antwerp
Management of Electronic Information and Digital Libraries

3. This presentation can be found at
http://questier.com
http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

4. During this workshop:
reflect about
➢ How can e-learning and OER be useful for
libraries?
➢ How can libraries help their organisation or
members with e-learning and OER needs?

5. Student PIRGs
(Public Interest Research Groups)
➢ “(US) students spend an average of $900 a
year on textbooks and course materials”
➢ “Textbook prices have increased four times the
rate of inflation since 1994!”

6. Student PIRGs
(Public Interest Research Groups)
➢ “Why are textbooks so expensive?
➢ Publishers undermine the used book market.
➢ Publishers “bundle” textbooks with extra CDs, passcodes
and workbooks.
➢ More expensive
➢ Supplements expire at end of semester
➢ Publishers keep faculty in the dark about prices.
➢ textbooks market is broken”

8. 8
?

9. 9
?

10. 10
“Schools we have today
were designed around commonsense assumptions
that had never been scientifically tested”
R. Keith Sawyer

11. 11
Our knowledge about learning
has evolved
Behaviourism Learning = change of behaviour
Stimulus → response
Learner is passive receiver of knowledge
Mind = black box
Cognitivism Focuses on how the brain works
Metacognition, learning strategies
Motivation
Constructivism Knowledge is actively constructed by the learner
New knowledge is linked to prior knowledge
Learners discover themselves facts and relationships
Social Constructivism Social interaction plays a fundamental role
Discussions lead to deeper understanding and increased motivation
Constructionism Constructing an artifact or something that can be shared leads to better
learning
Connectivism Learning is a process of connecting nodes or information sources
Knowledge and learning may reside in non-human appliances
Try to see connections between fields, ideas, and concepts
Know-what & Know-how → Know-where

12. 12
information scarcity → information abundance !
Total information is now doubling in less than a year !

13. 13
Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is in your own head?
>75% | 75-50% | 50-25% | <25%

14. 14
Surveys
How much of the knowledge
you need for your job
is in your own head?
1986 75% → 2010 10%

15. 15
The longer one studies,
the more one comes to realize
how much one does not know

16. 16
% tested genius in Divergent Thinking
(used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions)
Source: Breakpoint and Beyond by George Land and Beth Jaman

17. 17
One Laptop Per Child

18. 18
Virtual Learning Environment VLE
Learning Management System LMS
Learning Content Management System LCMS
Personal Learning Environment PLE
Virtual classroom VC
Integrated tools

19. 19
Face to face learning F2F
Blended learning b-learning
Online learning e-learning
Distance learning
Mobile learning m-learning
Formal learning
Informal learning
Modes of learning

20. 20

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25. 25
https://campus.chamilo.org/

26. 26
http://demo.lcmsconnect.org

27. 27

28. 28
http://demo.moodle.net/

29. Class conferencing software

31. 31
Evolution in E-learning?
e-learning 1.0 e-learning 2.0
open source software
content management
tools
personal learning environment
closed source software
solitary platform integrated in ICT-environment
closed to outer world open where useful,closed where necessary
only own institution connected with other institutions
focus on technology focus on pedagogy
consumption interaction
courses communities
teacher oriented student centered
knowledge management
upload of materials authoring environment
intelligent assistant
institutional learning environment

33. 33

34. 34

35. 35

38. Open educational resources
(OER)
digitised materials
offered freely and openly
for educators, students and self-learners
to use and reuse
for teaching, learning and research

39. Believing that OER can
widen access to quality education,
particularly when shared by many countries
and higher education institutions,
UNESCO champions OER
as a means of promoting access, equity and quality
in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

40. Creative Commons
➢ www.creativecommons.org
➢ 6 combinations of
➢ Commercial – no commercial use allowed
➢ Modifications – no modifications allowed
➢ Sharealike – not sharealike
Share what you
want,
keep what you want

44. 44

45. 45

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63. 63

66. 66
These generic repositories in
Chamilo 2.0 are nice

67. 67
Specialized learning object
repositories are nicer!
S. Ternier et al., Interoperability for Searching Learning Object
Repositories: The ProLearn Query Language, D-Lib Magazine,

68. 68
Let's avoid the
empty box
feeling!

69. 69
Content is King ?

70. 70
How can we
make the best
of our content?

71. 71
Content must be
Searchable
Accessible
Interoperable
Durable
Reusable

72. 72
How?

73. 73
How?
Interoperability through standards
Searchable through metadata
Stored in
Learning Object Repositories (LOR)

74. 74
The path towards standards

75. 75
SCORM
Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)
collection of standards and specifications for web-based e-learning
Origin: US Department of Defense
packaged into a transferable ZIP file
SCORM 2004: Sequencing
set of rules that specifies the
order in which a learner may experience content objects.

76. 76

77. 77
AICC
Aviation Industry
Computer-Based Training Committee

78. 78
IMS Global Learning Consortium
Question and Test Interoperability specification
(QTI)
Content Packaging Specification

79. 79
IEEE Learning Object Metadata

80. 80
Simple Dublin Core Metadata
Element Set
1. Title
2. Creator
3. Subject
4. Description
5. Publisher
6. Contributor
7. Date
8. Type
9. Format
10. Identifier
11. Source
12. Language
13. Relation
14. Coverage
15. Rights

81. 81
Common Cartridge Alliance
Includes:
Content Packaging v1.2
Question & Test Interoperability v1.2
IMS Tools Interoperability Guidelines v1.0
IEEE Learning Object Metadata v1.0
SCORM v1.2 & 2004

82. 82

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Tin Cap API

84. 84
A Learning Record Store (LRS) =
a place to store learning records.

86. 86
Learning Analytics
Gephi export,
learning interactions,
R. Carlos, F.
Questier

87. 87
We all can learn from
Learning Analytics!
➢ The Learning Analytics Cycle, by Doug Clow,
http://dougclow.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/the-learning-analytics-cycle/

88. Is this ICT supported
learning paradigm shift
possible without
teacher learning/training?

89. 89
Research studies show that
how much and how effectively
teachers integrate ICT
in their teaching process
depends mainly on their educational vision
(not age, gender, ...)

90. OER Barriers?
➢ Barriers for usage
➢ Lack of awareness
➢ Bandwith in developing countries
➢ Not enough OER yet
➢ Bandwith
➢ Hard to localize
➢ Barriers for production
➢ Teachers attitude
➢ Skills
➢ Copyright
➢ Limitations of LMS? (licenses, access control)
➢ Funding
➢ Institutional policy

91. 91
Recommendations for opennessRecommendations for openness
infrastructureinfrastructure
➢
Implement national or institutional portals and repositories for:Implement national or institutional portals and repositories for:
➢
Free Open Source SoftwareFree Open Source Software
➢
E-learning materialsE-learning materials
➢
Scientific publicationsScientific publications
➢
Research dataResearch data
➢
Open up and connect your Virtual Learning EnvironmentsOpen up and connect your Virtual Learning Environments
➢
OERsOERs
➢
Roaming for students and staffRoaming for students and staff

92. 92
Exercise
What can libraries do
related to e-learning & OER?

93. 93
One extra idea:
Integrate library and
virtual learning environment
OpenURL

94. 94
DARE
TO SHARE

95. Questions? Thanks!
Questier.com
Frederik AT Questier.com
www.linkedin.com/in/fquestie
www.diigo.com/user/frederikquestier
www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier

96. This presentation was made
with 100% Free Software
No animals were harmed
@fquestie – http://questier.com

97. Copyright acknowledgements
➢ Question! CC-by by Stefan Baudy
➢ http://cogdogblog.com/2012/07/17/mooc-hysertia/
➢ http://www.onlinecollege.org/2012/08/21/25-tips-make-most-mooc/
➢ GNU Head Joseph W. Reiss Free Art License or the GNU GPLv2
➢ Share matches CC-by-nc-nd by Josh Harper
➢ Screenshot http://www.chamilo.org/
➢ Edupunk: http://blogs.pstcc.edu/drbrown/files/2009/11/Picture-4.png
➢ Flipped-Classroom-CC-BY-NC-SA-2-by-ransomtech
➢ OPEN, CC-by-nc-sa by Tom Magliery
➢ Empty box, CC by-nc-nd by Mike Bitzenhofer
➢ Share matches CC by-nc-nd by Josh Harper