Open Educational Resources Overview (NAGPS LAD, 09/27/15)

@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
educational
resources
Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org)
Director of Open Education, SPARC
Except where otherwise
noted...

@txtbks
www.slideshare.com/txtbks

higher ed is
important

higher ed is
expensive

Source: CNN Money

$1,000
$3,000
$5,000
$7,000
$9,000
1988199019921994199619982000200220042006200820102012
State Funding
Tuition Revenue
US Public Higher Education
Funding - $/Undergrad FTE
Data source: State Higher Education Officers Association
Slide source: @dernst, adapted under CCBY

Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and
Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012
prices grew by 28 percent.

Cost Factors:
Tuition and Fees
Room and Board
Transportation
Books and Supplies
Other Expenses

Average Estimated Undergraduate
Budgets, 2014-15
Source: College Board
Books & Supplies = $1,225

“the straw that broke the
camel’s back”

Source: Student PIRGs

Physics: Principles With Applications, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Giancoli

@txtbks | sparc.arl.orgImage © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/

Market Failure

Market Failure
5 major
publishers hold
nearly 90% of
the market
Source: Turning the Page by James Koch

“less than one third of students
believed that using e-textbooks
significantly improved their
learning or engagement in a
course”
Market Failure
Source: EDUCAUSE

Market Failure
Source: NACS.org

students are
captives, not
consumers

2 in 3
Students say they decided against
buying a textbook because the cost is
too high
Source: Student PIRGs

1 in 2
Students say they have at some point
taken fewer courses due to the cost of
textbooks
Source: Florida Virtual Campus

<1 in 2
Students purchase a current
edition of their textbook
Source: Book Industry Study Group

Students don’t learn
from materials
they can’t afford

We can do better.

OPEN
EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES

Hewlett Foundation Definition:
“OER are teaching, learning, and
research resources that reside in the
public domain or are released under an
intellectual property license that permits
their free use and repurposing by
others”

Free + 5R Permissions

Free + 5R Permissions
• Retain
• Reuse
• Revise
• Remix
• Redistribute

open licensing system
www.creativecommons.org

use © to enable
free
& open use

most
open
least
open
OER
OA

how is OER
created?

ocw.mit.edu

oercommons.org

openstaxcollege.org

oli.cmu.edu

skillscommons.org

how is OER
being used?

Open Textbook (Example)
• Free online
• Free PDF
• Free ePub
• Print $49.73
• Instructor can adapt
and distribute

open.umn.edu

phet.colorado.edu

pm4id.org

what are the
impacts?

using OER in 1 course
per year could save
$1.42
billion

$1M student savings, and counting

Supporting Adoption
Developmental Math Results"
Percentage passing with C or better
48.40%
60.18%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Spring 2011
No OER
Spring 2013
All OER
n=2,842
About Lumen Lear
Open Educational Resources represent a
and learners, while at the same time imp
unsure what to do to help their institution
This is where Lumen enters the picture.
Co-founded by open education visionary
Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad,
After years of pioneering work in open ed
Generation Learning Challenges grant-fu
textbooks with OER in community colleg
50% and improving student success rate
resulted in moving the cost of required te
10% compared to student performance in
You can read more about the Kaleidosco
Adding this concrete proof to the body of
help more educational institutions and st
Lumen helps institutional leaders and fac
! Finding quality content and mapp
around the country to review and agg
into Open Courses that match gener
course frameworks online. This proc
individual or institution to download a
! Incorporating OER into academic
consulting services to help institution
sense to introduce OER into courses
Source: Lumen Learning

The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more
than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and
college tuition.
More and more, college students are unable to afford their
textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported
avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not
surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically.
As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks
required for a business administration degree, that student would
spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower
this price, their availability is, at best, uneven.
But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers
in other ways as well.
Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning
support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content
and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching
efficiency and effectiveness.
Fortunately a solution to both problems exists.
Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree
based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After
Tidewater CommunityCollege
ismakingcollegemoreaffordable.

impact.lumenlearning.com

“open educational resources
can help react to a new
situation very quickly in a way
traditional textbooks cannot”

advocating for
OER policy

advocating for
OER policy
State Policy Initiatives

• Grants for campus pilot programs
for the creation, use,
improvement of OER
• Sponsored by Sen. Durbin, Rep.
Hinojosa
• Scheduled for reintroduction

• Call for White House to adopt
policy to make federally funded
educational resources openly
licensed
• 100 orgs including NAGPS!
• Builds on existing open policies

• Ask: Co-sponsor Affordable College
Textbook Act when introduced
• Ask: Support OER in Higher Education
Act Reauthorization
• Ask: Make sure that federally funded
resources are openly licensed

• Textbook costs/limitations are a real problem
(your personal story)
• The market is broken and not working for
students
• Time to harness technology to reduce costs
and make materials better
• Open Educational Resources
• Free to read online
• Flexible to adapt and share
• Students learn as well or better

• Affordable College Textbook Act would create
a federally funded grant program to support
OER pilot programs
• Accelerates adoption and creation of OER
• Reduces cost of education
• Creates opportunities to improve teaching

advancing OER
back at home

pass a resolution

Open textbook reviews

z.umn.edu/opentextbooks

OER adoption programs

use create
adapt share

Nicole Allen
nicole@sparc.arl.org
http://sparc.arl.org
slideshare.com/txtbks

Open Educational Resources Overview (NAGPS LAD, 09/27/15)

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