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OER & Copyrights
The document examines the historical evolution of copyright laws, emphasizing the impact on educational resources and textbook pricing. It highlights the benefits of Open Educational Resources (OER) and the need for free access to educational materials, along with recommendations for using open standards and free software. The text also discusses the challenges faced by authors and educators regarding copyright restrictions and the significance of sharing resources under open licenses.
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OER & Copyrights
- 1. Ressources éducatives libres &droits d’auteurs Prof. dr. Frederik Questier Vrije Universiteit Brussel July 1st 2020 Project No. 573583-EPP-1-2016-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-SP (2016-2558/001-001)
- 2. Cette présentation setrouve à http://questier.com http://www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier
- 3. A bit ofcopyright history…
- 4. Before the printingpress...
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- 6. Law France 1535 Bookshopsforbidden Death penalty for using printing press
- 8. Index librorum prohibitorum =list of books forbidden by pope 1559 -1966
- 9. Licensing of thePress Act 1662 England “Right to copy”, monopoly and censorship rights granted to printers: The Stationers' Company No author rights
- 10. First author rights ➢ UK1710 ➢ "for the encouragement of learning" ➢ 1 copy for royal and each academic library ➢ Reproduction monopoly on request ➢ 14 year, optional + 14 year ➢ Afterwards public domain ➢ US 1790 ➢ "to promote the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries."
- 11. Nowadays the lawallows “the pirate publishers” to ”take” the copyrights from the authors
- 12. Student PIRGs (Public InterestResearch Groups) ➢ 2013: “(US) students spend an average of $900 a year on textbooks & course materials” ➢ “Textbook prices have increased four times the rate of inflation since 1994!”
- 13. Student PIRGs (Public InterestResearch Groups) ➢ “Why are textbooks so expensive? ➢ Publishers undermine the used book market. ➢ Publishers “bundle” textbooks with extra CDs, passcodes and workbooks. ➢ More expensive ➢ Supplements expire at end of semester ➢ Publishers keep faculty in the dark about prices. ➢ textbooks market is broken”
- 14. Maroc Droits d'auteur etdroits voisins Version consolidée en date du 9 juin 2014 http://adala.justice.gov.ma/production/legislation/fr/Nouveautes/Droits%20d'auteur%20et%20droits%20voisins.pdf
- 15. © All rightsreserved Authors get without asking for it a monopoly on their creations until 70 years after their death
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- 17. Article 15: Libreutilisation pour l’enseignement ➢ il est permis ➢ sans l’autorisation de l’auteur ➢ et sans le paiement d’une rémunération, ➢ a) d’utiliser une oeuvre licitement publiée en tant qu’illustration dans des publications, des émissions de radiodiffusion ou des enregistrements sonores ou visuels destinés à l'enseignement; ➢ b) de reproduire par des moyens reprographiques pour l’enseignement ou pour des examens au sein d’établissements d'enseignement dont les activités ne visent pas directement ou indirectement un profit commercial, et dans la mesure justifiée par le but à atteindre, des articles isolés licitement publiés dans un journal ou périodique, de courts extraits d’une oeuvre licitement publiée ou une oeuvre courte licitement publiée. ➢ indiquer la source et le nom de l’auteur
- 18. Article 23: Librereprésentation ou exécution publique ➢ il est permis, ➢ sans l'autorisation de l'auteur ➢ et sans paiement d'une rémunération, ➢ de représenter ou d'exécuter une œuvre publiquement. ➢ b. dans le cadre des activités d'un établissement d'enseignement, ➢ pour le personnel et les étudiants d'un tel établissement ➢ si le public est composé exclusivement du personnel et des étudiants de l'établissement ou des parents et des surveillants ou d'autres personnes directement liées aux activités de l'établissement.
- 19. Missing rights? ➢ Larger works,like a complete book or movie ➢ Modify ➢ Translate ➢ Show on public websites
- 20. Solution? Article 40 L'auteur d'uneœuvre peut accorder des licences à d'autres personnes
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- 22. OER = REL OERGlobal Logo by Jonathas Mello, licensed under CC BY 3.0
- 23. Les ressources éducativeslibres (REL) sont des matériels d'enseignement, d'apprentissage et de recherche sur tout support, numérique ou autre, existant dans le domaine public ou publiés sous une licence ouverte permettant l'accès, l'utilisation, l’adaptation et la redistribution gratuits par d'autres, sans restrictions ou avec des restrictions limitées.
- 24. 5R CC-BY Frédéric Duriez,https://didac2b.wordpress.com/2014/03/15/gilbert-paquette/ The 5R permissions of OER
- 25. Requirements for 5ROER ➢ No legal limitations ➢ Public Domain or Open Free License ➢ No technical limations ➢ No DRM (Digital Rights Restrictions Management) ➢ Open Standard data file formats ➢ Usable with Free Open Software
- 26. The range of“opens”, from e-InfraNet: ‘Open’ as the default modus operandi for research and higher education, CC-BY-SA 3.0
- 27. 27 "The most fundamental wayof helping other people, is to teach people how to do things better or how to better their lives. For people who use computers, this means sharing the recipes you use on your computer, in other words the programs you run."
- 28. 28 1980s Logiciels libres etouverts La liberté ➢ d’executer ➢ d’étudier ➢ de distribuer ➢ de modifier le programme
- 29. 1998: “Open Source”sounds better than “Free Software”?
- 30. 30 The software Freedoms requireaccess to the source code → “Open Source Software” (OSS) Free Open Source Software (FOSS) Free Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) Logiciels Libres et Ouverts Software Libre
- 31. 31 Logiciels libres etouverts
- 32. FLOSS is huge! ➢ Linuxoperating system kernel ➢ >13000 developpers, including Google, Facebook, IBM, Intel, AMD, Microsoft, … ➢ 100% of the Top 500 supercomputers run GNU/Linux ➢ Most of world’s computing devices run Linux kernel (mainly in Android) ➢ >300 GNU/Linux distributions ➢ >89000 software packages in Debian GNU/Linux ➢ Millions of FLOSS software projects
- 33. Good reasons to useFLOSS ➢ Stay in control ➢ Stay secure ➢ Avoid data lock in ➢ Avoid vendor lock in ➢ Interoperability ➢ Modularity ➢ Easy localization (including translation) and customization ➢ Most often cross platform ➢ Easier troubleshooting ➢ Sometimes better support ➢ Avoid license management and compliance issues ➢ Reduce costs ➢ Demanded when public funds are given
- 34. Good reasons to developFLOSS ➢ No need to start from scratch ➢ Network effects ➢ Get contributions from others ➢ Steer future developments ➢ Possibility to involve students ➢ Business opportunities
- 35. File format recommendations ➢ Avoidrestricted formats ➢ Don’t annoy other people with restricted formats ➢ If others don’t need to edit your files, consider PDF ➢ Be aware of macro-viruses in MS Office files ➢ Don’t use raster based graphical editors when you need vector based graphical editors
- 37. File formats General preferences ➢ Standard> specification > secret ➢ Openly published > copyrighted & paywalled ➢ Open license > proprietary license ➢ Public domain > patented ➢ Usable with FLOSS software > propietary software ➢ Usable on multiple platforms ➢ Readable in browsers ➢ High quality, high efficiency
- 39. •www.CreativeCommons.org ➢ Attribution – noattribution ➢ Commercial – non commercial ➢ Modifiable – non modifiable ➢ Partager selon la même licence – choix libre
- 43. 3 “couches” delicences
- 46. Since 1971: publicdomain books
- 47. 47 2001 MIT OpenCourseWare- CC license
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- 53. 53MOOC poster April4, 2013, CC BY by Mathieu Plourde
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- 57. 57 Summary of recommendations ➢ SearchOER with google/advanced, CC search Merlot, … ➢ Share your learning materials under a Free (CC) licence ➢ Use Open standards for file formats ➢ Use / recommend students Free Open Software
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- 59. Additional credits ➢ Joseph FerdinandKeppler - The Pirate Publisher - Puck Magazine - Restoration by Adam Cuerden, CC0, public domain ➢ “Sorry. We're closed” CC-BY-NC by Tommaso Galli ➢ Ouvert CC-BY Frédéric Bisson ➢ OER Global Logo by Jonathas Mello, licensed under CC BY 3.0 ➢ Open arrow, CC-by-nd by ChuckCoker ➢ Share matches CC-by-nc-nd by Josh Harper ➢ Question mark CC-by by Stefan Baudy ➢ Social Icons by Iconshock http://www.iconshock.com/social-icons/
- 60. This presentation wasmade with 100% Free Software No animals were harmed Questier.com Frederik AT Questier.com www.linkedin.com/in/fquestie www.slideshare.net/Frederik_QuestierQ uestions? Merci!