Cite as: F. Questier, Open learning, Experiences from the MarMOOC project, Presented at University of Hasselt, Belgium, August 2018, VLIR-UOS international workshop interoperability between information platforms.

1. Open learning
Experiences from the MarMOOC project
Prof. dr. Frederik Questier
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Presented at University of Hasselt, Belgium, August 2018
VLIR-UOS international workshop interoperability between information platforms
Project No. 573583-EPP-1-2016-1-ES-EPPKA2-CBHE-SP (2016-2558/001-001)

2. MarMOOC partners
➢ .ma edu ministry
➢ 6 .ma universities
➢ 6 .eu universities
www.MarMOOC.net

3. Teachers and technologists
working together

4. SPOC = Small Private Online Courses
MOOC = Massive Open Online Course
SPOC = MOOC – M – O = OC

5. Yuan, Li, and Stephen Powell. MOOCs and Open Education: Implications for Higher Education White Paper.
University of Bolton: CETIS, 2013. CC-BY 3.0 Update:http://blogs.cetis.org.uk/cetisli/2015/05/11/moocs-and-open-education-timeline-updated/
MOOC history

6. The range of “opens”, from e-InfraNet: ‘Open’ as the default modus operandi for research and higher education, CC-BY-SA 3.0

7. Openness in MOOC?
➢ Open access
➢ Open process
➢ Open educational resources
➢ Open licenses
➢ Open standards
➢ Open source software
➢ Open pedagogy

8. 9
Free & Open Source Software

9. 10

11. 12

12. Adaptive Bitrate Streaming

16. Open pedagogy?
cMOOC
➢ Connectivisme – Constructivisme
➢ Knowledge creation by
participants
➢ Group work
➢ Distributed interactions, blogs
➢ Interdisciplinarity
➢ Self-evaluation
xMOOC
➢ Instructionism
➢ Knowledge transfer by teacher
➢ Videos
➢ Forum
➢ Disciplinarity
➢ Online tests

17. 18
Content must be
searchable
accessible
interoperable
durable
reusable

18. 19
How?

19. 20
How?
Interoperability through standards
Searchable through metadata
Stored in
Learning Object Repositories (LOR)
Reusable by licence

20. OER
OER Global Logo by Jonathas Mello, licensed under CC BY 3.0

21. Open educational resources
(OER)
digitised materials
offered freely and openly
for educators, students and self-learners
to use and reuse
for teaching, learning and research

22. Believing that OER can
widen access to quality education,
particularly when shared by many countries
and higher education institutions,
UNESCO champions OER
as a means of promoting access, equity and quality
in the spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

23. Good teachers know how
to create learning materials
Great teachers know how
to mix and reuse

25. Reusable by license
www.creativecommons.org
➢ 6 combinations of
➢ Commercial – no commercial use allowed
➢ Modifications – no modifications allowed
➢ Sharealike – not sharealike

28. 3 “layers” of CC licences

31. 38

32. 39

33. 40

34. 41

35. 42

36. 43

37. 45

38. 51
154265 (Flemish primary and secondary
school) teachers on sharing site

39. 52
S. Ternier et al., Interoperability for Searching Learning Object
Repositories: The ProLearn Query Language, D-Lib Magazine,
2008, Volume 14 Number 1/2, doi:10.1045/january2008-ceri

40. User and data management for LMS?

41. 55
Learning Management System
prerequisite
Educational database
Students
Teachers
Courses
Unique stable codes!

42. 56
Facilitate communication
between students and staff
Firstname.familyname@xxx.edu.cu
yearcode@xxx.edu.cu
coursecode@xxx.edu.cu
(+ variants for 'ad valvas' and 'work students')
Software: GNU mailman : www.lists.org

43. ➢
Single sign on
➢
Federated identity
➢
Authentication options

44. Who needs access
to your (e-learning) server?

45. Who needs access
to your (e-learning) server?

46. Who do you need to
authenticate / identify?
➢ Authentication: could be self-registration
➢ Identification: real name

49. Open edX
➢ Supported Identity Providers
➢ OAuth2, OAuth1
➢ Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Microsoft Azure AD (365),…
➢ SAML 2 / Shibboleth
➢ Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI)
➢ Provisionally Supported Identity Providers
➢ OpenID
➢ Apache-hosted Shibboleth
➢ SSL client certificates
➢ Central Authentication Service (CAS)

50. Open standards
Development history
2005 2007 2012 2014
OpenID OpenID2 OpenID Connect
Oauth OAuth2

51. is an authentication layer on top of

53. Use cases designed for?
➢ OpenID
➢ Federated authentication
➢ Login at site B with your credentials from site A (identity
provider) without giving B your password.
➢ E.g. login at edX by verifying at Google.
➢ Oauth
➢ Delegated authorization
➢ Authorize app/site B to access your data at site A without
giving B your password.
➢ E.g. allow mobile edX app access to your edX server data

54. In practice,
also by Open edX, ...
➢ OAuth is often abused for pseudo-authentication
➢ Possible
➢ But requires custom code for each authorization provider.
➢ Well known for the famous ones like Google and Facebook
➢ Provided by Open edX

55. Here is the Here you
go
Google –
The Identity Provider
Here is the Here you
go
Google –
The Identity Provider
OpenID Authentication
vs.
Pseudo-Authentication using OAuth
adapted from a drawing by @_nat_en
*valet key = limited scope
OAuth Token
& the API Provider
Who are YOU? Send me a
notarized referral letter.
Give me the valet key* to
your house (account) so
that I know you are the
owner of the house
Please issue me a
valet key* for the core APIs
valet key*
certificate
Please write a referral
stating that I'm user@gmail
name: Real Name
email: user@gmail
notary: Google
name: Real Name
email: user@gmail
notary: Google

56. OpenID = user-centric :)
➢ Dream: login everywhere with your preferred identity
provider or with your own URL
➢ e.g. login by writing “http://questier.com“
➢ = my server that runs openid identity server
➢ or that has rel-link to http://questier.myopenid.com

57. The user-centric dream killed :(
➢ 2014 MyOpenID shuts down
➢ Facebook OpenID connect → Facebook Connect
➢ 2018 Stackexchange OpenID support shuts down

60. Recommendation 1
Check which of these Open edX solutions
fit your institutional identity provider
➢ Supported Identity Providers
➢ OAuth2, OAuth1
➢ Google, Facebook, LinkedIn, Microsoft Azure AD (365),…
➢ SAML 2 / Shibboleth
➢ Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI)
➢ Provisionally Supported Identity Providers
➢ OpenID
➢ Apache-hosted Shibboleth
➢ SSL client certificates
➢ Central Authentication Service (CAS)

61. Recommendation 2
If you don’t have yet
an identity provider
➢ consider this Free Open Source software:
➢ Shibboleth
➢ SAML2
➢ Apereo CAS
➢ SAML1/2, CAS1/2/3, Oauth, OpenID /Connect, LDAP,
Radius, ...

62. Recommendation 3
Check Open edX manual

63. Recommendation 4
Consider if you want to identify
MarMOOC members or others

64. Additional copyright credits
➢ MarMOOC logo and photos of meetings and training sessions
➢ Opencast by Sally CC-BY-NC-SA
➢ OER Global Logo by Jonathas Mello, licensed under CC BY 3.0
➢ CC_License_Freedom_Scale_Chart by Romain CC-BY-SA
➢
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OpenIDvs.Pseudo-AuthenticationusingOAuth.svg CC0
➢ Social Icons by Iconshock http://www.iconshock.com/social-icons/

65. This presentation was made with 100% Free Software
No animals were harmed
Questier.com
Frederik AT Questier.com
www.linkedin.com/in/fquestie
www.diigo.com/user/frederikquestier
www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier
Q
uestions?
Gracias
A
m
eseginalehu!