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Plagiarism prevention and detection
This document summarizes a presentation on plagiarism prevention and detection. It defines plagiarism as using another's work without attribution. While not a legal crime, plagiarism is considered an academic offense. Both prevention through education and detection methods have limitations. Detection tools can be fooled and incorrectly flag original work. The best prevention strategies involve thorough education of students about proper citation and encouraging writing practices that promote original thought. Overall the presentation argues for focusing on prevention over problematic detection approaches.
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Plagiarism prevention and detection
- 1. Plagiarism prevention & detection Prof.dr. Frederik Questier - Vrije Universiteit Brussel Presented at: Arba Minch University, Ethiopia, 03/2020
- 3. Werken met portfolio's 04/10/05| pag. 3
- 4. IUC (Institutional UniversityCooperation) Project 1 = Transversal project Improvement of education & research at AMU by enhancing ICT & library services
- 6. "Plagiarism is theuse of another’s work, words, or ideas without attribution." Yale Poorvu Center for Teaching and Learning https://poorvucenter.yale.edu/writing/using-sources/understanding-and-avoiding-plagiarism/what-plagiarism
- 7. Plagiarism is nota crime in most countries Not all plagiarism is a copyright violation. Plagiarism is an academic offense
- 8. Factors contributing toplagiarism Husain, F. M., Al-Shaibani, G. K. S., & Mahfoodh, O. H. A. (2017). Perceptions of and Attitudes toward Plagiarism and Factors Contributing to Plagiarism: a Review of Studies. Journal of Academic Ethics, 15(2), 167–195. doi:10.1007/s10805-017-9274-1
- 9. plagiarism prevention is betterthan plagiarism detection My vision and core message
- 10. plagiarism detection approaches ➢ extrinsicplagiarism detection ➢ similarity with other content ➢ Internet publications ➢ other student works ➢ intrinsic plagiarism detection ➢ style breach detection Tomáš Foltýnek, Norman Meuschke, and Bela Gipp. 2019. Academic Plagiarism Detection: A Systematic Literature Review. ACM Comput. Surv. 52, 6, Article 112 (October 2019), 42 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3345317
- 11. Unicheck Plagiarism CheckerPlugin for Moodle https://moodle.org/plugins/plagiarism_unicheck
- 12. Why detection toolsdo not work well ➢ Once students know how the tools work, they can easily avoid detection. ➢ Not (easily) detected ➢ Copying of offline sources ➢ Paraphrases ➢ Translations ➢ Appropriation of ideas or concepts ➢ Ghostwriting
- 13. MrScrip, 2011, CC-By-SA3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PD_Methods_Detection_Performance.png
- 14. "There is consensusin the literature that the inability of plagiarism detection systems to identify obfuscated plagiarism is currently their most severe limitation" Tomáš Foltýnek, Norman Meuschke, and Bela Gipp. 2019. Academic Plagiarism Detection: A Systematic Literature Review. ACM Comput. Surv. 52, 6, Article 112 (October 2019), 42 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3345317
- 15. "students can use onlineparaphrasing tools or article spinners in ways that avoid detection by originality checking software such as Turnitin" Rogerson, A.M., McCarthy, G. Using Internet based paraphrasing tools: Original work, patchwriting or facilitated plagiarism? International Journal for Educational Integrity 13, 2 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40979-016-0013-y
- 16. Not only falsenegatives, but also false positives! High similarities with (draft) publications of same student
- 17. Presumption of innocence? Presumptionof guilt? relationship / communication between teachers and students Promote students' ownership of their own learning and their own education Avoid the sense that this belongs to a teacher who’s going to grade it Sean Michael Morris, in Nick Roll, New Salvo Against Turnitin, Inside Higher Ed, June 19, 2017, https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/06/19/anti-turnitin-manifesto-calls-resistance-some-technology-digital-age
- 18. Fundamental issues ➢ Plagiarism detectionservices ➢ “undermine students’ authority” over their own work ➢ place students in a role of needing to be “policed” ➢ “create a hostile environment” ➢ supplant good teaching with the use of inferior technology ➢ violate student privacy CCCC Intellectual Property Caucus - Recommendations regarding Academic Integrity and the use of plagiarism detection systems As summarized in Sean Michael Morris and Jesse Stommel, 2017, A Guide for Resisting Edtech: the Case against Turnitin, Hybrid Pedagogy, https://hybridpedagogy.org/resisting-edtech/
- 19. Fundamental issues “While studentswho use Turnitin are discouraged from copying other work, the company itself can strip mine and sell student work for profit.” Sean Michael Morris and Jesse Stommel, 2017, A Guide for Resisting Edtech: the Case against Turnitin, Hybrid Pedagogy, https://hybridpedagogy.org/resisting-edtech/
- 20. Some workflows are worsethan others ➢ Workflow 1 ➢ Teacher uploads student work to an online tool. The student work and meta data remains in the proprietary database of the company. The company is showing (matching parts of) that student work to paying customers. ➢ Workflow 2 ➢ University has a policy that requests students to upload their works to the online tool... ➢ Workflow 3 ➢ Students upload their works in the university e-learning server and all similarity checks happen locally. ➢ Extremely rare...
- 21. Trial students againstTurnitin Judge decision ➢ Students have no case against the company because they accepted the clickwrapped agreement, shielding the company from liability. The company is not forcing students to use the service, and thus not forcing them to accept the agreement. ➢ Students have a case against against their university forcing them to use this service.
- 22. Many universities decidednot to use Turnitin (or similar dubious services), including Mount Saint Vincent University, Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Stanford. Amarnath, Ravi (2006-03-15). "Mount St. Vincent bans Turnitin.com". The Gazette. Osellame, Julia (2006-04-04). "University opts not to 'Turnitin'". The Daily Princetonian.
- 23. Free Open Sourcetools? ➢ Costly to provide as it is not only a matter of software ➢ Storage and processing of copies of student works, copies of internet content and queries ➢ Rather SaaS = Software as a Service. ➢ "We have 13 seven-foot computer racks to determine if a student has lifted one line in an essay from the Internet." ➢ John Barrie, founder of Turnitin, In Emanuella Grinberg, Student wins battle against plagiarism-detection requirement, Court TV, January 21, 2004 https://edition.cnn.com/2004/LAW/01/21/ctv.plagiarism/
- 24. 18 Moodle plagiarismplugins https://moodle.org/plugins/browse.php?list=category&id=35 https://docs.moodle.org/38/en/Managing_plagiarism_prevention
- 25. What’s the bestyou can do? ➢ Institutional policy about academic integrity ➢ Teach students ➢ Course about ➢ Scientific methodologies ➢ Academic integrity ➢ Academic writing, including ➢ why to cite ➢ when to cite ➢ how to cite ➢ how to quote or paraphrase in a fair way ➢ Define original writing tasks ➢ Ask a literature review ➢ Give a score on references ➢ Be an example and use references in your course material!
- 26. ➢ Define and discussplagiarism thoroughly. ➢ Discuss hypothetical cases. ➢ Revise plagiarized passages. ➢ Review the conventions of quoting and documenting material. ➢ Require multi-drafts of essays. ➢ Require students to submit copies of documented material ➢ Provide proper proofreading guidelines ➢ Offer proper collaboration guidelines ➢ Offer response appropriate to the type of error. ➢ Have patience. Stephen Wilhoit (1994) Helping Students Avoid Plagiarism, College Teaching, 42:4, 161-164, DOI:10.1080/87567555.1994.9926849 What’s the best you can do?
- 27. Human detection ➢ First step ➢ (intrinsicplagiarism detection) ➢ Try to detect style breaches ➢ Second step ➢ (extrinsic plagiarism detection) ➢ Search for the exceptional sentences in a Web Search Engine.
- 28. Additional credits ➢ Question markCC-by by Stefan Baudy ➢ GNU Head Joseph W. Reiss Free Art License or the GNU GPLv2
- 29. This presentation wasmade with 100% Free Software No animals were harmed Questier.com Frederik AT Questier.com www.linkedin.com/in/fquestie www.diigo.com/user/frederikquestier www.slideshare.net/Frederik_Questier T hank you! Q uestions?