The document discusses don't care conditions in digital logic and how to implement Boolean functions using NAND gates. It defines don't care conditions as input combinations that are unspecified in a function. Don't care conditions are indicated with an 'X' in truth tables. Boolean functions can be simplified by treating don't care terms as 0 or 1. NAND gates can be used to implement any Boolean function since NAND is a universal gate. Multilevel logic functions are converted to NAND by replacing AND and OR gates with NAND gates using appropriate graphic symbols and inserting inverters to compensate for bubbles in the diagram.
This paper presents a design and implementation of FPGA based Bose, Chaudhuri and Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for wireless communication applications. The codes are written in VHDL (Very High Speed Hardware Description Language). Here BCH decoder (15, 5, and 3) is implemented and discussed. And decoder uses serial input and serial output architecture. BCH code forms a large class of powerful random error correcting cyclic codes. BCH operates over algebraic structure called finite fields and they are binary multiple error correcting codes. BCH decoder is implemented by syndrome calculation circuit, the BMA (Berlekamp-Massey algorithm) and Chien search circuit. The codecs are implemented over cyclone FPGA device.
This paper presents a design and implementation of FPGA based Bose, Chaudhuri and Hocquenghem (BCH) codes for wireless communication applications. The codes are written in VHDL (Very High Speed Hardware Description Language). Here BCH decoder (15, 5, and 3) is implemented and discussed. And decoder uses serial input and serial output architecture. BCH code forms a large class of powerful random error correcting cyclic codes. BCH operates over algebraic structure called finite fields and they are binary multiple error correcting codes. BCH decoder is implemented by syndrome calculation circuit, the BMA (Berlekamp-Massey algorithm) and Chien search circuit. The codecs are implemented over cyclone FPGA device.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Society.pdfssuser3e63fc
Just a game Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?
This comprehensive program covers essential aspects of performance marketing, growth strategies, and tactics, such as search engine optimization (SEO), pay-per-click (PPC) advertising, content marketing, social media marketing, and more
NIDM (National Institute Of Digital Marketing) Bangalore Is One Of The Leading & best Digital Marketing Institute In Bangalore, India And We Have Brand Value For The Quality Of Education Which We Provide.
www.nidmindia.com
Exploring Career Paths in Cybersecurity for Technical CommunicatorsBen Woelk, CISSP, CPTC
Brief overview of career options in cybersecurity for technical communicators. Includes discussion of my career path, certification options, NICE and NIST resources.
DLD Lecture No 16 Don't `Care Conditions, Nand gate Implementation.pptx
1. Lecture No 16 : Don’t Care Conditions, NAND Implementation
Digital Logic and Design
1
2. Don’t Care Conditions
So far, we have always assumed that all combinations of
the input values are necessary in our expressions.
Sometimes there are unspecified combinations within a
function.
For example, four bit binary has six combinations that are not
used.
Functions that have unspecified outputs for some input
combinations are called incompletely specified functions.
These are called don’t care conditions because in most
applications, we do not care what the specification of the
combination is.
2
3. Indicating Don’t Care Conditions
A don’t care condition cannot be specified with a 1 because it
would require the function to always be 1 for the combination.
Likewise, a don’t care condition cannot be specified with a 0
because it would require the function to always be 0 for the
combination.
To specify don’t care conditions in a map, we use the letter ‘X’.
When we choose adjacent squares to simplify the map, the don’t care
minterms can be assumed to be 0 or 1, whichever leads to the simplest
expression.
3
4. Simplify With Don’t Care Conditions
Simplify the Boolean function: F (w,x,y,z) = ∑(1,3,5,9,13)
It has don’t-care conditions: d(w,x,y,z) = ∑(0,2,7)
F1 = w’x’+y’z = ∑(0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 13)
F2 = w’z+y’z = ∑(1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 13)
4
5. Example 3-9
Simplify the Boolean function: F (w,x,y,z) = ∑(1,3,7,11,15)
It has don’t-care conditions: d(w,x,y,z) = ∑(0,2,5)
F = ∑(0,1,2,3,7,11,15) ; F = ∑(1,3,5,7,11,15)
Either of two are acceptable
5
6. More Examples with Don’t Care
F=A’C’D+B+AC
0
AB
x x
1
00 01
00
01
CD
0
x 1
0
1
1
10
1
x 0
1
1
1
10
1
1 1
x
0
AB
x x
1
00 01
00
01
CD
0
x 1
0
1
1
10
1
x 0
1
1
1
10
1
1 1
x
F=A’B’C’D+ABC’+BC+AC
6
7. NAND and NOR Implementations
Digital circuits are frequently constructed with NAND and
NOR implementations:
they are easier to make
they are used in all IC digital logic families
Because of their use, rules have been developed that allow
us to convert Boolean functions using AND, OR and NOT into
the equivalent NAND and NOR logic diagrams.
7
8. NAND Circuits
The NAND gate is a universal gate that can be used to
construct any gate, therefore being able to replace all AND
and OR gates.
8
9. NAND Notation
A convenient method for creating a NAND circuit is to obtain
the simplified Boolean function in terms of Boolean operators
and then convert the function to NAND logic.
To facilitate the conversion to NAND logic we define
equivalent alternative symbols as shown below for NAND
gate
9
10. Two-Level Implementation
The implementation of Boolean functions with NAND gates
requires that the function be in sum of products form.
F = AB + CD
All three diagrams are equivalent
10
13. 2-Level NAND Rules
Given a Boolean function, follow these rules to obtain the
NAND logic diagram:
Simplify the function and express it in sum of products
Draw a NAND gate for each product term of the expression that has at least
two literals. This is group of first level gates
Draw a single gate using the AND-invert or the invert-OR graphic symbol in
the second level, with inputs coming from outputs of first level gates
A term with a single literal requires an inverter in the first level, unless the
single literal is already complemented
13
14. The general procedure for converting a multi-level AND-OR
diagram into an all-NAND diagram is as follows:
Convert all AND gates to NAND gates with AND-invert graphic symbols
Convert all OR gates to NAND gates with invert-OR graphic symbols
Check all the bubbles in the diagram
Every bubble that is not compensated by another along the same line will
require the insertion of an inverter or complement the input literal
Multilevel NAND Circuits
14