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DIVERSION HEADWORKS
HEADWORKS
Head Works
 Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to
the off-taking canal is called a head work.
HEAD WORKS
Diversion head works
To raise water level in
river and divert the
required quantity
Storage head works
To store water on u/s
of river and divert the
required quantity
DIVERSION HEADWORKS
 Purposes
 Raises water level in the river
 Regulates supply of water into the canal
 Controls the entry of silt into the canal
 Provides some storage for a short period
 Reduces the fluctuations in the level of
supply in river
TYPES OF DIVERSION HEAD WORKS
 1. Temporary diversion head works
 Consists of a bund constructed across river
to raise the water level in the river and will
be damaged by floods
 2. Permanent diversion head works
 Consists of a permanent structure such as a
weir or barrage constructed across river to
raise water level in the river
LOCATION OF HEAD WORKS
 Depends on the stages of flow (reaches) of
river
(i) Rocky stage
(ii) Boulder stage
(iii) Trough stage or alluvial stage
(iv) Delta stage
 Both rocky and delta stages are not suitable
for location of diversion head works
SUITABLE SITE FOR DIVERSION HEAD WORKS
 Having selected the reach of the river,
selection suitable site in accordance with
the following considerations
 1. As far as possible, a narrow, straight, well
defined channel confined between banks not
submerged by the highest flood
 2. Should be possible to align the off taking canal
in such a way that command of its area is obtained
without excessive digging
SUITABLE SITE FOR DIVERSION HEAD WORKS
 3. Materials of construction such as stone, sand etc.
should be available in the vicinity of the site
 4. Site should be accessible by rail or road
COMPONENTS OF DIVERSION HEADWORKS
COMPONENTS OF DIVERSION
HEADWORKS
 1. Weir or Barrage
 2. Divide wall or divide groyne
 3. Fish ladder
 4. Pocket or approach channel
 5. Under sluices or scouring sluices
 6. Silt excluder
 7. canal head regulator
 8. River training works such as marginal bunds and guide bunds
WEIR
 Weir is a structure constructed across
river to raise the water level and divert
the water into the canal
 Weir aligned at right angle to the
direction flow
 Shutters are provided at the crest of the
weir so that part of raising up of water is
carried out by shutters
CLASSIFICATION OF WEIRS
 According to the material used for
construction and certain design features
 1. Masonry weirs with vertical drop walls
 2. Rock fill weirs with sloping aprons
 3. Concrete weirs with a downstream glacis
MASONRY WEIR WITH VERTICAL DROP
MASONRY WEIR WITH VERTICAL DROP
 Weir consists of
 Impervious horizontal floor or apron
 A masonry weir wall with either side vertical; or
both faces inclined; or u/s face vertical and d/s
face inclined
 Curtain walls or cutoffs or piles are provided at the
u/s and d/s ends of the floor
 Block protection at the u/s end and graded inverted
filter at the d/s end
 Launching aprons or pervious aprons after block
protection graded filter
ROCKFILL WEIRS WITH SLOPING APRONS
ROCKFILL WEIRS WITH SLOPING APRONS
 Weir consists of
 A masonry weir wall
 Dry packed boulders laid in the form of glacis
or sloping aprons
 Some intervening core walls
CONCRETE WEIRS WITH DOWNSTREAM GLACIS
CONCRETE WEIRS WITH DOWNSTREAM GLACIS
 Floor made of concrete
 Sheet piles of sufficient depth provided at the u/s
and d/s ends
 Sometimes intermediate piles are also provided
 Hydraulic jump is developed at the d/s slope due
to which considerable amount of energy is
dissipated
 Suitable on pervious foundations
BARRAGE
 Crest is kept at a low level
 Raising up of water level is accomplished by means
of gates
 During floods, these gates are raised and clear off
the high flood level
CAUSES OF FAILURES OF WEIRS ON
PERMIABLE FOUNDATIONS
 Causes of failures
 Due to seepage or subsurface flow
 Due to surface flow
CAUSES OF FAILURES OF WEIRS ON
PERMIABLE FOUNDATIONS
 Due to subsurface flow
 Piping or undermining
 By uplift pressure
 Due to surface flow
 By suction due to hydraulic jump
 By scour on the u/s and d/s of the weir

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Diversionheadworks introduction

  • 2. HEADWORKS Head Works  Any hydraulic structure which supplies water to the off-taking canal is called a head work. HEAD WORKS Diversion head works To raise water level in river and divert the required quantity Storage head works To store water on u/s of river and divert the required quantity
  • 3. DIVERSION HEADWORKS  Purposes  Raises water level in the river  Regulates supply of water into the canal  Controls the entry of silt into the canal  Provides some storage for a short period  Reduces the fluctuations in the level of supply in river
  • 4. TYPES OF DIVERSION HEAD WORKS  1. Temporary diversion head works  Consists of a bund constructed across river to raise the water level in the river and will be damaged by floods  2. Permanent diversion head works  Consists of a permanent structure such as a weir or barrage constructed across river to raise water level in the river
  • 5. LOCATION OF HEAD WORKS  Depends on the stages of flow (reaches) of river (i) Rocky stage (ii) Boulder stage (iii) Trough stage or alluvial stage (iv) Delta stage  Both rocky and delta stages are not suitable for location of diversion head works
  • 6. SUITABLE SITE FOR DIVERSION HEAD WORKS  Having selected the reach of the river, selection suitable site in accordance with the following considerations  1. As far as possible, a narrow, straight, well defined channel confined between banks not submerged by the highest flood  2. Should be possible to align the off taking canal in such a way that command of its area is obtained without excessive digging
  • 7. SUITABLE SITE FOR DIVERSION HEAD WORKS  3. Materials of construction such as stone, sand etc. should be available in the vicinity of the site  4. Site should be accessible by rail or road
  • 9. COMPONENTS OF DIVERSION HEADWORKS  1. Weir or Barrage  2. Divide wall or divide groyne  3. Fish ladder  4. Pocket or approach channel  5. Under sluices or scouring sluices  6. Silt excluder  7. canal head regulator  8. River training works such as marginal bunds and guide bunds
  • 10. WEIR  Weir is a structure constructed across river to raise the water level and divert the water into the canal  Weir aligned at right angle to the direction flow  Shutters are provided at the crest of the weir so that part of raising up of water is carried out by shutters
  • 11. CLASSIFICATION OF WEIRS  According to the material used for construction and certain design features  1. Masonry weirs with vertical drop walls  2. Rock fill weirs with sloping aprons  3. Concrete weirs with a downstream glacis
  • 12. MASONRY WEIR WITH VERTICAL DROP
  • 13. MASONRY WEIR WITH VERTICAL DROP  Weir consists of  Impervious horizontal floor or apron  A masonry weir wall with either side vertical; or both faces inclined; or u/s face vertical and d/s face inclined  Curtain walls or cutoffs or piles are provided at the u/s and d/s ends of the floor  Block protection at the u/s end and graded inverted filter at the d/s end  Launching aprons or pervious aprons after block protection graded filter
  • 14. ROCKFILL WEIRS WITH SLOPING APRONS
  • 15. ROCKFILL WEIRS WITH SLOPING APRONS  Weir consists of  A masonry weir wall  Dry packed boulders laid in the form of glacis or sloping aprons  Some intervening core walls
  • 16. CONCRETE WEIRS WITH DOWNSTREAM GLACIS
  • 17. CONCRETE WEIRS WITH DOWNSTREAM GLACIS  Floor made of concrete  Sheet piles of sufficient depth provided at the u/s and d/s ends  Sometimes intermediate piles are also provided  Hydraulic jump is developed at the d/s slope due to which considerable amount of energy is dissipated  Suitable on pervious foundations
  • 18. BARRAGE  Crest is kept at a low level  Raising up of water level is accomplished by means of gates  During floods, these gates are raised and clear off the high flood level
  • 19.
  • 20. CAUSES OF FAILURES OF WEIRS ON PERMIABLE FOUNDATIONS  Causes of failures  Due to seepage or subsurface flow  Due to surface flow
  • 21. CAUSES OF FAILURES OF WEIRS ON PERMIABLE FOUNDATIONS  Due to subsurface flow  Piping or undermining  By uplift pressure  Due to surface flow  By suction due to hydraulic jump  By scour on the u/s and d/s of the weir