Hydrology
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The document discusses several key aspects of hydrology: - Precipitation is the main driver of hydrologic processes and is formed as air cools and its ability to hold water decreases. - Weather patterns result in different biomes and rainfall patterns across geographic regions. - Water moves across and through soils via processes like infiltration, evaporation, transpiration, surface runoff, subsurface stormflow, and groundwater flow. - The dominant runoff process depends on factors like rainfall intensity, soil saturation, and watershed characteristics, and can include Horton overland flow, saturation overland flow, or subsurface stormflow.
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- 1. Hydrology The flow of water across and through near surface environments
- 7. Moisture Sources for USA
- 9. Fig. 4.1 Evaporation & Transpiration
- 10. Fig. 4.4
- 11. Plant Transpiration Most water absorption occurs in upper half of root zone
- 12. Annual Pan Evaporation in USA
- 13. Evaporating playa lake with salts around margin, eastern Washington
- 17. Factors Affecting Water Movement in Soils
- 24. Macropore flow, Tennessee Valley, California
- 27. Overland flow, Tennessee Valley, California
- 28. Overland flow, Tennessee Valley, California
- 30. Groundwater & the Vadose Zone
- 31. Groundwater Flow Driven by hydraulic gradients Q = K I A K is hydraulic conductivity A is cross sectional area I is hydraulic gradient
- 33. Hydrographs by Runoff Mechanism Lag to peak Throughflow SOF HOF Peak Runoff HOF SOF Throughflow
- 38. Water balance of drainage basins Net difference between precipitation and evaporation yields streamflow or groundwater recharge
- 39. Gaining and Losing Streams
Editor's Notes
- Figure 2.4-where does the moisture come from Why does ohio get steady rainfall-fronts and convection Compare to other areas in US
- The terms in the figure describe the hydrologic character of the basin. Hydrologic data collection best carried out at the basin scale.