Diseases caused by Bacteria.pptx
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•226 views
- Bacteria are tiny, single-celled microorganisms that can cause diseases. Some common bacterial diseases include boils, styes, and tuberculosis. - Boils are painful bumps on the skin caused by Staphylococcus bacteria that enter hair follicles. Styes are bumps on the eyelids caused by bacteria entering eyelash follicles. - Tuberculosis is a serious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria that usually affects the lungs but can damage other parts of the body.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Poliovirus
Poliovirus is an enterovirus that causes the acute infectious disease poliomyelitis. It is spherical and 27nm in diameter with an icosahedral capsid containing its single-stranded RNA genome. It infects and replicates in the intestinal tract and sometimes spreads to the central nervous system, destroying motor neurons and potentially causing flaccid paralysis. While most infections are asymptomatic, it can cause a range of illnesses from minor to paralytic. Diagnosis involves isolating the virus from specimens through cell culture and identification, and treatment involves vaccination to develop protective antibodies.
Bacterial anatomy
1. Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes that vary in size from 0.5-10 micrometers. They have distinct cell shapes including cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and vibrios.
2. The bacterial cell contains a cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, and varying structures like flagella, pili, capsules, and endospores. The cell wall structure differs between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
3. Gram staining allows bacteria to be classified as either gram positive or gram negative based on differences in their cell wall structures. Specialized structures like flagella, pili and capsules serve functions like motility, adhesion and virulence.
KOH test
The KOH test is used to identify Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as an alternative to the Gram stain. It works by dissolving the thin peptidoglycan cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria when exposed to 3% KOH, lysing the cell and releasing viscous DNA strands. Gram-positive bacteria are not lysed by KOH and do not release DNA. To perform the test, a bacterial sample is mixed with 3% KOH on a slide. Gram-negative bacteria will appear viscous and form mucoid strings within 15 seconds, while Gram-positive bacteria will not become viscous or form strings.
History of microbiology
1. Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was the first to discover microbes using his homemade microscope. He observed "animalcules" in rain water, pond water, blood, and his own tooth scrapings.
2. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) proved the theory of biogenesis and disproved spontaneous generation through experiments using swan-necked flasks. He developed pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies.
3. Robert Koch (1843-1912) perfected bacteriological techniques including staining and solid media isolation. He discovered the bacteria that cause anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera and formulated Koch's postulates
Vibrio cholerae PPT for students
Cholera is a serious bacterial disease that usually
causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. The disease is typically spread through contaminated water.
Modern sewage and water treatment have effectively eliminated cholera in most countries. It’s still a problem in countries like Asia, America and Africa. Mostly in India.
Countries affected by war, poverty, and natural disasters have the greatest risk for a cholera outbreak.
Taxonomy:
class : Gamma Proteobacteria
Order: Vibrionales
Family: Vibrionaceae
Genus: Vibrio
Species: v.cholerae, v.parahaemolyticus,
v. vulnificus, v. alginolyticus
MORPHOLOGY:
Gram negative, actively motile, short, rigid curved bacilli
Resembling letter “V”
about 34 genus
most common in water
1.5µ X 0.2 -0.4 µ in size
polar flagellum , strongly aerobic
Smear – fish in stream appearance
PATHOGENESIS:
Source: Ingestion of contaminated water, food,
fruits and vegetables etc.,
Incubation periods: 1-5 days
Symptoms: Watery diarrhoea, vomiting, thirst, dehydration, muscle cramps
Complications: muscular pain, renal failure, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythrnias
DIAGNOSIS:
Specimen: stool sample, water sample(envt)
Microscopy: a) Hanging drop : +ve
b) Gram stain :-ve
Culture: Mac conkey Agar :colourless to light pink
TCBS : yellow colonies
Serology: serological tests are no diagnostic value
TREATMENT:
Adequate replacement of fluids and electrolytes.
Oral tetracycline reduces the period of vibrio excreation.
PREVENTION:
Drink and use bottled water
Frequent washing
Sanitary environment
Defecate in water
Cook food thoroughly
Bacterial growth curve
Bacterial growth follows four phases: lag, log (exponential), stationary, and decline. During lag phase, bacteria adapt to their environment and prepare for growth. The log phase is characterized by rapid, exponential cell division. As nutrients become depleted, growth slows and enters stationary phase where the cell population levels off. In decline phase, bacteria run out of nutrients and die off, though a small number of survivors may persist. Bacterial growth is influenced by numerous environmental factors like nutrient levels, temperature, pH, oxygen, and water availability. The optimal conditions allow bacteria to enter log phase and multiply at their highest rate.
Morophology of bacteria
Bacteria have a variety of shapes and arrangements. Their cells are surrounded by a cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. The cell wall provides shape and protection, and its structure differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria may also have extra structures like a capsule outside the cell wall or fimbriae. These extra structures help bacteria attach to surfaces and sometimes contribute to virulence.
Bacterial classification and its structure
Bacteria are classified in several ways:
1. By staining (Gram positive/negative, acid-fast), shape (cocci, bacilli), motility, environment (aerobic/anaerobic).
2. The bacterial cell has a cell wall, cell membrane, flagella/fimbriae and cytoplasm. The cell wall provides structure and protection through its peptidoglycan layer.
3. Bacteria are further classified based on nutrition sources, temperature, pH and salt tolerance ranges they thrive in. Most bacteria serve important ecological roles while some can cause disease.
Recommended
Poliovirus
Poliovirus is an enterovirus that causes the acute infectious disease poliomyelitis. It is spherical and 27nm in diameter with an icosahedral capsid containing its single-stranded RNA genome. It infects and replicates in the intestinal tract and sometimes spreads to the central nervous system, destroying motor neurons and potentially causing flaccid paralysis. While most infections are asymptomatic, it can cause a range of illnesses from minor to paralytic. Diagnosis involves isolating the virus from specimens through cell culture and identification, and treatment involves vaccination to develop protective antibodies.
Bacterial anatomy
1. Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes that vary in size from 0.5-10 micrometers. They have distinct cell shapes including cocci, bacilli, spirilla, and vibrios.
2. The bacterial cell contains a cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, and varying structures like flagella, pili, capsules, and endospores. The cell wall structure differs between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
3. Gram staining allows bacteria to be classified as either gram positive or gram negative based on differences in their cell wall structures. Specialized structures like flagella, pili and capsules serve functions like motility, adhesion and virulence.
KOH test
The KOH test is used to identify Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as an alternative to the Gram stain. It works by dissolving the thin peptidoglycan cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria when exposed to 3% KOH, lysing the cell and releasing viscous DNA strands. Gram-positive bacteria are not lysed by KOH and do not release DNA. To perform the test, a bacterial sample is mixed with 3% KOH on a slide. Gram-negative bacteria will appear viscous and form mucoid strings within 15 seconds, while Gram-positive bacteria will not become viscous or form strings.
History of microbiology
1. Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was the first to discover microbes using his homemade microscope. He observed "animalcules" in rain water, pond water, blood, and his own tooth scrapings.
2. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) proved the theory of biogenesis and disproved spontaneous generation through experiments using swan-necked flasks. He developed pasteurization and vaccines for anthrax and rabies.
3. Robert Koch (1843-1912) perfected bacteriological techniques including staining and solid media isolation. He discovered the bacteria that cause anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera and formulated Koch's postulates
Vibrio cholerae PPT for students
Cholera is a serious bacterial disease that usually
causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. The disease is typically spread through contaminated water.
Modern sewage and water treatment have effectively eliminated cholera in most countries. It’s still a problem in countries like Asia, America and Africa. Mostly in India.
Countries affected by war, poverty, and natural disasters have the greatest risk for a cholera outbreak.
Taxonomy:
class : Gamma Proteobacteria
Order: Vibrionales
Family: Vibrionaceae
Genus: Vibrio
Species: v.cholerae, v.parahaemolyticus,
v. vulnificus, v. alginolyticus
MORPHOLOGY:
Gram negative, actively motile, short, rigid curved bacilli
Resembling letter “V”
about 34 genus
most common in water
1.5µ X 0.2 -0.4 µ in size
polar flagellum , strongly aerobic
Smear – fish in stream appearance
PATHOGENESIS:
Source: Ingestion of contaminated water, food,
fruits and vegetables etc.,
Incubation periods: 1-5 days
Symptoms: Watery diarrhoea, vomiting, thirst, dehydration, muscle cramps
Complications: muscular pain, renal failure, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrhythrnias
DIAGNOSIS:
Specimen: stool sample, water sample(envt)
Microscopy: a) Hanging drop : +ve
b) Gram stain :-ve
Culture: Mac conkey Agar :colourless to light pink
TCBS : yellow colonies
Serology: serological tests are no diagnostic value
TREATMENT:
Adequate replacement of fluids and electrolytes.
Oral tetracycline reduces the period of vibrio excreation.
PREVENTION:
Drink and use bottled water
Frequent washing
Sanitary environment
Defecate in water
Cook food thoroughly
Bacterial growth curve
Bacterial growth follows four phases: lag, log (exponential), stationary, and decline. During lag phase, bacteria adapt to their environment and prepare for growth. The log phase is characterized by rapid, exponential cell division. As nutrients become depleted, growth slows and enters stationary phase where the cell population levels off. In decline phase, bacteria run out of nutrients and die off, though a small number of survivors may persist. Bacterial growth is influenced by numerous environmental factors like nutrient levels, temperature, pH, oxygen, and water availability. The optimal conditions allow bacteria to enter log phase and multiply at their highest rate.
Morophology of bacteria
Bacteria have a variety of shapes and arrangements. Their cells are surrounded by a cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. The cell wall provides shape and protection, and its structure differs between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bacteria may also have extra structures like a capsule outside the cell wall or fimbriae. These extra structures help bacteria attach to surfaces and sometimes contribute to virulence.
Bacterial classification and its structure
Bacteria are classified in several ways:
1. By staining (Gram positive/negative, acid-fast), shape (cocci, bacilli), motility, environment (aerobic/anaerobic).
2. The bacterial cell has a cell wall, cell membrane, flagella/fimbriae and cytoplasm. The cell wall provides structure and protection through its peptidoglycan layer.
3. Bacteria are further classified based on nutrition sources, temperature, pH and salt tolerance ranges they thrive in. Most bacteria serve important ecological roles while some can cause disease.
Shigella
Shigella are Gram-negative bacilli that cause shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) in humans. There are four species (S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei) which are differentiated based on antigen types. Shigellosis ranges from asymptomatic to severe diarrhea with blood/mucus and is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The bacteria invade the colonic epithelium through attachment and enterotoxins can cause electrolyte/nutrient absorption issues leading to symptoms. Treatment focuses on rehydration while prevention emphasizes water/sewage sanitation and antibiotic treatment of carriers.
Types of culture media
Culture media are used to grow microorganisms outside the body for research and diagnostic purposes. There are different types of culture media classified based on physical state (solid, semi-solid, liquid) or ingredients (simple, complex, synthetic). Solid media like agar are used to isolate colonies, while liquid broths allow uniform growth. Special media can be enriched, selective, differential, or designed for transport or anaerobes. Proper preparation and sterilization of media is required to avoid contamination.
Gram Positive Cocci-Staphylococcus
The document discusses the Gram positive cocci genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. It focuses on Staphylococcus, describing their characteristics including being facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, salt tolerant cocci that produce catalase. It discusses several medically important Staphylococcus species like S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus and their roles in diseases ranging from skin infections to bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia and food poisoning. Treatment options depend on antibiotic sensitivity and resistance.
Normal flora
Normal flora, or indigenous microbes, regularly colonize specific regions of the human body. They include both resident flora that are lifelong members and transient microbes unable to colonize long-term. The composition of normal flora changes with age, sex, diet, development and environment. While normal flora provide benefits like preventing pathogen colonization and stimulating immunity, they can also act as opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions or share resistance with pathogens. Different regions of the body harbor characteristic normal flora, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin and Lactobacillus in the healthy adult vagina.
Mycobacterium
1. Mycobacterium is a genus of bacteria that includes M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, which are the causes of tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively.
2. These bacteria have an acid-fast staining pattern and lipid-rich cell walls that make them resistant to disinfectants and antibiotics.
3. M. tuberculosis spreads through the air and causes pneumonia and cavitary lesions in the lungs, while M. leprae spreads through skin lesions and can cause disfigurement if untreated.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes staphylococcal food poisoning, a form of gastroenteritis with rapid onset of symptoms. S. aureus is commonly found in the environment (soil, water and air) and is also found in the nose and on the skin of humans.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococci are Gram positive cocci that commonly cause localized suppurative lesions. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogenic species that can cause a variety of infections like food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and nosocomial infections. S. aureus has developed resistance to many antibiotics like penicillin through production of beta-lactamases. Methicillin resistant S. aureus strains are a major concern as they are resistant even to methicillin and related antibiotics.
Bacterial growth curves
all information regarding the bacterial growth curve that will required for nursing students.........
Active immunity vs passive immunity
Active immunity is produced by the body's own immune system in response to an antigen, resulting in a negative phase where immunity is temporarily lowered and a latent period of 4 days to 4 weeks. It provides long-lasting and more effective protection with enhanced secondary responses, but is not applicable for immunodeficient individuals. Passive immunity involves receiving antibodies passively without immune system involvement, providing inferior and short-lasting protection but can benefit immunodeficient individuals.
Gram positive & Gram negative cells
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are classified based on their cell wall composition and how they react in the Gram staining test. Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and stain purple. Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, and stain red or pink. The differences in cell wall structure affect factors like pathogenicity and antibiotic susceptibility between the two classes of bacteria.
Pseudomonas
This document discusses the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a gram-negative rod that is commonly found in hospitals and moist environments. It can produce pigments like pyocyanin and pyoverdin. Laboratory diagnosis of P. aeruginosa involves examining samples from wounds, sputum, blood, urine or CSF under microscopy and culturing on different media like blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Cetrimide agar. P. aeruginosa is oxidase and catalase positive and shows characteristic fluorescence under UV light.
Classification of microrganisms
This document discusses the classification of microorganisms. It describes the three domain system proposed by Carl Woese which divides organisms into Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. It then provides details on the characteristics of fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses and bacteria; and discusses methods used to identify bacteria including biochemical tests and serological tests.
Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that can form dormant endospores. The document focuses on Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax. It describes the morphology, cultural characteristics, virulence factors, and methods of diagnosis and prevention of B. anthracis. Key points include that B. anthracis forms encapsulated, non-motile rods and terminal spores. The anthrax toxins are composed of lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen, which combine to cause disease. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and serology. Prevention for humans involves vaccination with anthrax toxoid and occupational hygiene, while animals are vaccinated with attenuated spore
Bacterial infections
Bacteria can spread through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, contact with contaminated surfaces or fluids, or interaction with other living beings. They are classified based on microscopic appearance and staining properties. Risk factors for bacterial infections include medical history, treatments, lifestyle, occupation, and travel history.
Robert koch
Robert Koch was a German physician and scientist who is considered one of the founders of bacteriology. He developed experimental techniques to isolate bacteria and prove they cause specific diseases, such as showing that Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax. Koch established four steps, known as Koch's postulates, to identify the microorganisms that cause diseases. His work helped prove the germ theory of disease and led to advances in combating disease through isolation of pathogens like anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera.
Salmonella
This document discusses Salmonella, including its isolation, morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical activities, epidemiology, virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical diseases, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment. Salmonella was first isolated in 1885 and causes diseases like typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness in humans. It is a gram-negative rod found in the intestines of animals and can contaminate foods. Diagnosis involves culturing specimens from blood, feces, urine or vomit. Treatment includes antibiotics like chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin.
Immunoprophylaxis
This document discusses immunoprophylaxis and vaccination. It defines prophylaxis and vaccine preventable diseases. There are two types of immunization: active and passive. Active immunization involves inducing immunity through vaccination and works through humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccines can be live attenuated, killed/inactivated, toxoids, cellular fractions, subunit vaccines, or recombinant vaccines. Passive immunization provides immediate short-term protection through administration of antibodies or immunoglobulins. The document also discusses vaccination schedules and recent vaccination missions.
Mycobacteria
this is a series of lectures on microbiology useful for both under and postgraduate medical and paramedical students
Cultivation of viruses
Viruses can only be grown within living host cells. The document discusses three main methods for cultivating viruses: inoculation into animals, embryonated eggs, and tissue culture. It provides details on each method, including commonly used animal and egg types, inoculation sites, advantages and limitations. Tissue culture involves growing viruses in cultured cells, including primary cultures that can only grow briefly, diploid cell strains for limited passages, and continuous cell lines that can divide indefinitely.
Normal flora
The document discusses normal flora, which are microorganisms that inhabit healthy humans without causing harm. Normal flora are found on skin and mucous membranes but not inside organs. The skin and mucous membranes harbor both resident and transient flora. The document then describes characteristics, types, roles, and locations of normal flora in different parts of the body including skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, digestive tract, and urogenital tract. Common genera of normal flora are discussed for each location.
Pathogens or Germs
Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease. The four major types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Bacteria can cause infections like tuberculosis, boils, and styes. Viruses are responsible for diseases like the common cold, influenza, dengue fever, chickenpox, measles, mumps, and more. Fungi lead to infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, and tinea versicolor. Parasitic pathogens include protozoa, helminthes, roundworms, and tapeworms.
Botulism-Epi.pptx
Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium bacteria. There are several types of botulism including foodborne, wound, infant, and intestinal. Foodborne botulism occurs when toxins are ingested in contaminated food while wound and intestinal botulism occur when spores enter wounds or the intestines. Symptoms include muscle weakness that can impact breathing. Diagnosis involves tests on blood, stool, and spinal fluid. Treatment requires antitoxin and supportive care. Prevention focuses on proper food handling and hygiene to avoid conditions that allow bacterial growth and toxin production. Any suspected cases of botulism require immediate investigation and response due to the risk of outbreaks.
More Related Content
What's hot
Shigella
Shigella are Gram-negative bacilli that cause shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) in humans. There are four species (S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei) which are differentiated based on antigen types. Shigellosis ranges from asymptomatic to severe diarrhea with blood/mucus and is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route. The bacteria invade the colonic epithelium through attachment and enterotoxins can cause electrolyte/nutrient absorption issues leading to symptoms. Treatment focuses on rehydration while prevention emphasizes water/sewage sanitation and antibiotic treatment of carriers.
Types of culture media
Culture media are used to grow microorganisms outside the body for research and diagnostic purposes. There are different types of culture media classified based on physical state (solid, semi-solid, liquid) or ingredients (simple, complex, synthetic). Solid media like agar are used to isolate colonies, while liquid broths allow uniform growth. Special media can be enriched, selective, differential, or designed for transport or anaerobes. Proper preparation and sterilization of media is required to avoid contamination.
Gram Positive Cocci-Staphylococcus
The document discusses the Gram positive cocci genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. It focuses on Staphylococcus, describing their characteristics including being facultatively anaerobic, non-motile, salt tolerant cocci that produce catalase. It discusses several medically important Staphylococcus species like S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus and their roles in diseases ranging from skin infections to bacteremia, endocarditis, pneumonia and food poisoning. Treatment options depend on antibiotic sensitivity and resistance.
Normal flora
Normal flora, or indigenous microbes, regularly colonize specific regions of the human body. They include both resident flora that are lifelong members and transient microbes unable to colonize long-term. The composition of normal flora changes with age, sex, diet, development and environment. While normal flora provide benefits like preventing pathogen colonization and stimulating immunity, they can also act as opportunistic pathogens under certain conditions or share resistance with pathogens. Different regions of the body harbor characteristic normal flora, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis on the skin and Lactobacillus in the healthy adult vagina.
Mycobacterium
1. Mycobacterium is a genus of bacteria that includes M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, which are the causes of tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively.
2. These bacteria have an acid-fast staining pattern and lipid-rich cell walls that make them resistant to disinfectants and antibiotics.
3. M. tuberculosis spreads through the air and causes pneumonia and cavitary lesions in the lungs, while M. leprae spreads through skin lesions and can cause disfigurement if untreated.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterium that causes staphylococcal food poisoning, a form of gastroenteritis with rapid onset of symptoms. S. aureus is commonly found in the environment (soil, water and air) and is also found in the nose and on the skin of humans.
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococci are Gram positive cocci that commonly cause localized suppurative lesions. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogenic species that can cause a variety of infections like food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and nosocomial infections. S. aureus has developed resistance to many antibiotics like penicillin through production of beta-lactamases. Methicillin resistant S. aureus strains are a major concern as they are resistant even to methicillin and related antibiotics.
Bacterial growth curves
all information regarding the bacterial growth curve that will required for nursing students.........
Active immunity vs passive immunity
Active immunity is produced by the body's own immune system in response to an antigen, resulting in a negative phase where immunity is temporarily lowered and a latent period of 4 days to 4 weeks. It provides long-lasting and more effective protection with enhanced secondary responses, but is not applicable for immunodeficient individuals. Passive immunity involves receiving antibodies passively without immune system involvement, providing inferior and short-lasting protection but can benefit immunodeficient individuals.
Gram positive & Gram negative cells
Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria are classified based on their cell wall composition and how they react in the Gram staining test. Gram positive bacteria have a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and stain purple. Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, and stain red or pink. The differences in cell wall structure affect factors like pathogenicity and antibiotic susceptibility between the two classes of bacteria.
Pseudomonas
This document discusses the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a gram-negative rod that is commonly found in hospitals and moist environments. It can produce pigments like pyocyanin and pyoverdin. Laboratory diagnosis of P. aeruginosa involves examining samples from wounds, sputum, blood, urine or CSF under microscopy and culturing on different media like blood agar, MacConkey agar, and Cetrimide agar. P. aeruginosa is oxidase and catalase positive and shows characteristic fluorescence under UV light.
Classification of microrganisms
This document discusses the classification of microorganisms. It describes the three domain system proposed by Carl Woese which divides organisms into Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. It then provides details on the characteristics of fungi, algae, protozoa, viruses and bacteria; and discusses methods used to identify bacteria including biochemical tests and serological tests.
Bacillus
Bacillus is a genus of rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacteria that can form dormant endospores. The document focuses on Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax. It describes the morphology, cultural characteristics, virulence factors, and methods of diagnosis and prevention of B. anthracis. Key points include that B. anthracis forms encapsulated, non-motile rods and terminal spores. The anthrax toxins are composed of lethal factor, edema factor, and protective antigen, which combine to cause disease. Diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and serology. Prevention for humans involves vaccination with anthrax toxoid and occupational hygiene, while animals are vaccinated with attenuated spore
Bacterial infections
Bacteria can spread through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, contact with contaminated surfaces or fluids, or interaction with other living beings. They are classified based on microscopic appearance and staining properties. Risk factors for bacterial infections include medical history, treatments, lifestyle, occupation, and travel history.
Robert koch
Robert Koch was a German physician and scientist who is considered one of the founders of bacteriology. He developed experimental techniques to isolate bacteria and prove they cause specific diseases, such as showing that Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax. Koch established four steps, known as Koch's postulates, to identify the microorganisms that cause diseases. His work helped prove the germ theory of disease and led to advances in combating disease through isolation of pathogens like anthrax, tuberculosis, and cholera.
Salmonella
This document discusses Salmonella, including its isolation, morphology, cultural characteristics, biochemical activities, epidemiology, virulence factors, pathogenesis, clinical diseases, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment. Salmonella was first isolated in 1885 and causes diseases like typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, and foodborne illness in humans. It is a gram-negative rod found in the intestines of animals and can contaminate foods. Diagnosis involves culturing specimens from blood, feces, urine or vomit. Treatment includes antibiotics like chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin.
Immunoprophylaxis
This document discusses immunoprophylaxis and vaccination. It defines prophylaxis and vaccine preventable diseases. There are two types of immunization: active and passive. Active immunization involves inducing immunity through vaccination and works through humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccines can be live attenuated, killed/inactivated, toxoids, cellular fractions, subunit vaccines, or recombinant vaccines. Passive immunization provides immediate short-term protection through administration of antibodies or immunoglobulins. The document also discusses vaccination schedules and recent vaccination missions.
Mycobacteria
this is a series of lectures on microbiology useful for both under and postgraduate medical and paramedical students
Cultivation of viruses
Viruses can only be grown within living host cells. The document discusses three main methods for cultivating viruses: inoculation into animals, embryonated eggs, and tissue culture. It provides details on each method, including commonly used animal and egg types, inoculation sites, advantages and limitations. Tissue culture involves growing viruses in cultured cells, including primary cultures that can only grow briefly, diploid cell strains for limited passages, and continuous cell lines that can divide indefinitely.
Normal flora
The document discusses normal flora, which are microorganisms that inhabit healthy humans without causing harm. Normal flora are found on skin and mucous membranes but not inside organs. The skin and mucous membranes harbor both resident and transient flora. The document then describes characteristics, types, roles, and locations of normal flora in different parts of the body including skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, digestive tract, and urogenital tract. Common genera of normal flora are discussed for each location.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Diseases caused by Bacteria.pptx
Pathogens or Germs
Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease. The four major types of pathogens are bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Bacteria can cause infections like tuberculosis, boils, and styes. Viruses are responsible for diseases like the common cold, influenza, dengue fever, chickenpox, measles, mumps, and more. Fungi lead to infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, and tinea versicolor. Parasitic pathogens include protozoa, helminthes, roundworms, and tapeworms.
Botulism-Epi.pptx
Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium bacteria. There are several types of botulism including foodborne, wound, infant, and intestinal. Foodborne botulism occurs when toxins are ingested in contaminated food while wound and intestinal botulism occur when spores enter wounds or the intestines. Symptoms include muscle weakness that can impact breathing. Diagnosis involves tests on blood, stool, and spinal fluid. Treatment requires antitoxin and supportive care. Prevention focuses on proper food handling and hygiene to avoid conditions that allow bacterial growth and toxin production. Any suspected cases of botulism require immediate investigation and response due to the risk of outbreaks.
Infection.pptx
This document defines and describes different types of infections: bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic. It provides details on each type of infection, including causes, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. The main types of infections covered are viral infections, bacterial infections, fungal infections, and parasitic infections. For each type, the document outlines common causative agents, affected body systems, symptoms, and treatments such as antibiotics or antifungal medications. Prevention methods like vaccination, cleanliness, and hygiene are also discussed.
Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10th
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AND PATHOGENS2 (1).pptx
Diseases can be communicable or non-communicable. Communicable diseases spread between individuals through various means like direct contact, vectors/reservoirs, airborne transmission, contaminated food/water, or indirect contact. They are caused by pathogens like viruses, bacteria, parasites, protozoa, and fungi. Factors like environment, culture, and behavior affect disease transmission. Common communicable diseases include the cold, flu, hepatitis B, pneumonia, mononucleosis, chickenpox, and their symptoms, treatments, and means of prevention are discussed.
Tuberculosis
This document provides an overview of tuberculosis (TB) including its definition, causes, symptoms, types, diagnosis and treatments. Key points include:
- TB is a potentially fatal contagious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria which usually affects the lungs.
- It can be spread through the air when a person with active pulmonary TB coughs or sneezes. Those at highest risk include people with compromised immune systems.
- Symptoms of active TB disease include coughing, chest pain, fever and weight loss. There are also latent and active forms of TB infection.
- Types of TB include pulmonary TB of the lungs as well as extra-pulmonary TB which can affect other organs. Diagn
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a global health problem, infecting one third of the world's population and causing millions of deaths annually. It is the 6th highest cause of disease in Pakistan, where the incidence of active TB cases is over 80 per 100,000 people each year. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted through the air when people with active TB cough or sneeze. It most often affects the lungs but can damage other organs. While the immune system usually keeps the infection under control, active disease can develop if the bacteria overpowers immunity.
Asthma & TB
This document discusses tuberculosis (TB), including that it is an infectious disease caused by bacteria that mainly affects the lungs. It can be active or latent. Types include pulmonary TB of the lungs and pleural TB of the lung lining. Symptoms depend on the type but can include fever, cough, weight loss and breathlessness. Diagnosis involves tests like Mantoux testing, chest X-rays and culture of TB bacteria. Treatment involves antibiotics and vaccines.
Ch 6 web quest
This document discusses different types of bacteria including their shapes, helpful functions, and disease-causing abilities. It describes three shapes of bacteria - coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped), and spiral. Several types of helpful bacteria are listed along with their functions. Disease-causing bacteria discussed include those that cause tuberculosis, leprosy, tetanus, plague, gastric ulcers, and anthrax. The document also covers how bacteria reproduce through binary fission and describes extremophile bacteria that thrive in high salt concentrations (halophiles), high temperatures (thermophiles), and cold temperatures (psychrophiles).
CLASS IMMUNIZABLE DISEASES.pptx
Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that causes fever, runny nose, cough, and a red rash. It spreads easily through the air. Complications can include pneumonia and encephalitis. While there is no specific treatment, vaccination has decreased measles deaths by 75% globally since 2000. Polio is a viral infection that can cause muscle weakness and paralysis. It spreads through contaminated food or water. Vaccination has prevented polio in most countries, though it still occurs in some developing nations. Tetanus is a bacterial infection causing painful muscle spasms. It enters through wounds and is prevented through vaccination.
08a8Food_Poisoning.ppt
Food poisoning can result from eating foods contaminated with bacteria, viruses, parasites or toxins. It is commonly caused by improper food handling or storage that allows germs to multiply. Common symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Several types of bacteria are responsible for foodborne illness, including Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter and Listeria. Proper hygiene, cooking and storage can help prevent the spread of foodborne pathogens.
Effective treatment & remedies for tuberculosis at homeopathic clinic, mumbai
Tuberculosis is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is spread through airborne droplets when people with active TB cough, sneeze or speak. While most people who get infected never develop active TB, some may develop the disease if their immune system becomes weak. Symptoms include cough, fever, night sweats and weight loss. Diagnosis involves tests of sputum, blood and x-rays. Treatment requires a combination of antibiotics taken for at least 6-12 months. Prevention includes BCG vaccination and controlling the spread from active cases.
Tuberculosis
"Tuberculosis- pulmonary tuberculosis is a contagious disease that primarily affects the lungs but can affect other parts of the body as well. Mindheal homeopathy may provide complementary treatment to conventional antibiotics."/>
Diseases Caused by Microorganisms- Botulism
Botulism is caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum and can enter the body through wounds, contaminated food, or inhalation. It causes paralysis by blocking nerve impulses and its signs include drooping eyelids, blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. The incubation period ranges from 12-72 hours in adults but can be longer in infants from 3-30 days. Treatment requires antitoxin administration and supportive care like mechanical ventilation, while prevention focuses on proper food handling and storage to avoid bacterial growth.
BIOLOGY-GRADES-9-STUDENTS-UNIT-4.2P.pptx
This document provides information on various diseases including those caused by microorganisms. It discusses tapeworms, tuberculosis, malaria transmitted by mosquitoes, gastroenteritis, cholera, typhoid, and sexually transmitted diseases. Tapeworms are flat worms that can parasitize the human intestine and have a complex life cycle involving two hosts. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria and can affect the lungs and other organs. Malaria has a life cycle that involves transmission between humans and mosquitoes. Common STDs discussed include gonorrhea, syphilis, and chancroid which are bacterial infections spread through sexual contact.
human diseases caused by bacteria strepto coccal diseases,
This document summarizes several human diseases caused by bacteria:
1) Streptococcal diseases like strep throat and necrotizing fasciitis can be caused by Streptococcus bacteria. Typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi bacteria.
2) Cholera results in severe diarrhea and dehydration from Vibrio cholerae bacteria. Clostridium tetani bacteria cause tetanus through toxin production.
3) Mycobacterium leprae bacteria lead to leprosy, affecting nerves and skin. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which forms lesions in the lungs.
Why do we fall ill
This document discusses diseases and health. It defines health as a state of physical, mental and social well-being, and disease as any disturbance in the structure or function of the body. It describes different types of diseases like acute, chronic, congenital and acquired diseases. It explains infectious diseases in detail, including the infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi etc.), means of spread, organ-specific manifestations, and principles of treatment and prevention. It emphasizes that classifying diseases based on their infectious agents is important for deciding appropriate treatment since members of the same group (e.g. bacteria) often respond similarly to drugs.
Class 12 chapter 8 Human Health and Diseases
communicable and non communicable diseases
aids
cancer
adolescence
drugs and alcohol abuse
FOR FURTHER DETAILS YOU CAN WATCH THE RELATED VIDEO AT THE GIVEN LINK
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxo06Nj-QWo_7SNvMyDnJCQ?view_as=subscriber
tuberculosiscompletednew-170308134731.pptx
Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly infects the lungs. It can be treated with antibiotics. TB is spread through airborne droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While latent TB means the immune system has contained the infection and the person is not infectious, active TB means the person is sick and can spread the disease. Standard TB treatment involves a combination of antibiotics like isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol over a period of 6-9 months.
Lyme and syphilis
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted through tick bites. It can affect multiple body systems and cause symptoms ranging from rashes to joint pain to neurological issues if left untreated. Testing involves measuring antibodies produced in response to infection, and treatment typically involves a few weeks of oral antibiotics to resolve infection. While most patients recover with treatment, some may experience persistent symptoms. Thorough tick checks and prompt removal can help prevent transmission of Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses.
Similar to Diseases caused by Bacteria.pptx (20)
Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10th
Diseases-Cause and Prevention Chp-5 General Science 9th 10th
Effective treatment & remedies for tuberculosis at homeopathic clinic, mumbai
Effective treatment & remedies for tuberculosis at homeopathic clinic, mumbai
human diseases caused by bacteria strepto coccal diseases,
human diseases caused by bacteria strepto coccal diseases,
More from Johdener14
PARASITIC INFECTIONS
Pediculosis and parasitic worms are two common parasitic infections. Pediculosis refers to head lice or body lice infestations. Parasitic worms are infections caused by intestinal worms that can infect humans by entering through the mouth or skin.
Printmaking with Natural Objects
Printmaking is a simple way to produce multiple prints of an image or design by transferring it from a plate to materials like paper, cloth, or cardboard. The plate can be made from natural objects found in one's surroundings, such as fruits, vegetables, leaves, flowers, twigs, or stones. The basic printmaking process involves preparing the plate, inking it, and transferring the design.
God's Love and Loving God.pptx
This document discusses what it means to love God with all your heart, mind, soul, and strength. It explains that loving God requires total commitment to Him through regular prayer, Bible reading, and using your mind for His purposes. It also means giving God all your resources through tithing, almsgiving, and resource sharing. Loving God fully involves being dedicated to accomplishing His mission through obedience, as Jesus demonstrated.
Ten Commandments.pptx
The document lists four of the Ten Commandments: remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy by praying and going to temple; honor thy father and mother by showing them respect; thou shalt not kill any person; thou shalt not commit adultery by being unfaithful in marriage.
God's blessing.pptx
God blesses people with talents and abilities. People should develop their talents and use them to help others, as their talents are gifts from God. By sharing what we have been given through our talents, we can multiply God's blessings for others, just as Jesus multiplied loaves of bread and fish to feed many people.
Two Greatest Commandments.pptx
The document summarizes Jesus' condensing of the Ten Commandments into Two Great Commandments. The first commandment is to love God with all one's heart, soul, and mind, which encompasses the first three commandments about loving God. The second commandment is to love one's neighbor as oneself, representing the last seven commandments about loving others.
INVITATION from Jesus
The document is an invitation from Jesus to live as Christians by following his teachings and example. It explains that Christians are followers of Jesus Christ and that accepting his invitation involves participating in holy mass, serving others, learning to forgive, praying to God, and being good stewards of God's blessings.
Fractions
Fractions represent parts of a whole. The document defines fractions such as halves, thirds, and fourths by showing examples of wholes divided into equal parts. It explains that the numerator represents the number of parts being considered and the denominator represents the total number of equal parts the whole was divided into. Different types of fractions are also defined, including proper fractions where the numerator is less than the denominator, improper fractions where the numerator is greater than the denominator, and mixed numbers that combine a whole number and a fraction.
ODD AND EVEN NUMBERS
This document discusses odd and even numbers, defining even numbers as those that can be divided exactly by 2 and often end in 2, 4, 6, 8, or 0, while odd numbers cannot be divided exactly by 2 and often end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9, with 0 being neither odd nor even.
1-Digit divisor
655 ÷ 3 = 218 with a remainder of 1
The document provides a step-by-step explanation of the division process to calculate 655 ÷ 3. It breaks the calculation down into 5 steps: 1) Divide, 2) Multiply, 3) Subtract, 4) Bring Down, 5) Repeat or Remainder. Working through each digit, it arrives at a quotient of 218 with a remainder of 1.
Division
Division is one of the four basic mathematical operations. It involves splitting a number, called the dividend, into equal groups or parts using another number, called the divisor, to find the quotient. There are two forms of writing division - horizontal uses the division symbol ÷, while vertical stacks the dividend above the divisor with the answer below. Division is the opposite of multiplication, so if you know a multiplication fact you can derive the corresponding division fact.
Dividing by 10 AND 100
The document outlines the steps for division which are: divide, multiply, subtract, bring down remainder and repeat. It explains that when dividing multiples of 10 by 10, one zero is canceled, and when dividing multiples of 100 by 100, two zeros are canceled. The remaining digits of the dividend become the quotient. Examples are provided such as 34,000 divided by 10 equals 3,400 and 34,000 divided by 100 equals 340. To divide a number by 5, first divide the dividend by 10 and then multiply the quotient by 2.
Multiples
Multiples of a number are the products obtained when that number is multiplied by 1, 2, 3, and so on. Multiples can be found by skip counting or using a multiplication table and are numbers that are evenly divisible by the original number without a remainder. The document provides examples of finding the first ten multiples of 3 by multiplication and identifies multiples of other numbers using a hundreds chart.
Dividing by 5
This document outlines the steps for division and dividing by zero or multiples of 10 and 100. It explains that to divide by zero is undefined and results in a non-terminating decimal. It also provides instructions for dividing numbers by 5, which involves first dividing the dividend by 10 and then multiplying the quotient by 2.
2-DIGIT DIVISOR
Dividing numbers with two-digit divisors is done using the same process as one-digit division. The steps are: 1) Divide, 2) Multiply, 3) Subtract, 4) Bring Down the next digit, 5) Repeat until there is no digit left to bring down. This is demonstrated through examples of dividing 475 by 25 and 4163 by 23.
Elements of a Short Story.ppt
This document outlines the key elements of a short story, including title, characters, setting, plot, and lesson. It defines each element and provides examples. The plot section explains the 5 elements - exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. It notes that characters are introduced through physical descriptions, actions, dialogue, thoughts, and what others say. Setting is established through descriptions of time, place, landscape, and weather. Conflict can be external between characters/nature or internal within a character.
More from Johdener14 (20)
Recently uploaded
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdCACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Recently uploaded (20)
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Liberal Approach to the Study of Indian Politics.pdf
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Diseases caused by Bacteria.pptx
- 3. are tiny, single- celled microorganisms. They come in different shapes including rods, spirals, and spheres. Bacteria
- 5. can grow and multiply in both living and nonliving things. They can multiply outside or inside your body and cause diseases. Bacteria
- 6. •Bacteria are tiny, single- celled microorganisms. •Some of the diseases that bacteria can cause include infections of the eye, ear, nose, throat, lungs, and others. Bacteria
- 7. •Not all bacteria are bad. Some bacteria are good like the bacteria living in your intestines that help in the digestion or breakdown of the food you eat. •Some bacteria are also used by scientists to produce medicines.
- 8. COMMON DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA: 1.Boils 2.Sty 3.Tuberculosis
- 9. • A boil is also known as furuncle. • Boils are caused by a very common type of bacteria called staph. • Boils are painful bumps on the skin filled with pus. • Pus is a fluid full of staph bacteria. • Boils happen when the staph bacteria is able to enter the hair follicles or the roots of hair on your skin. Boil
- 11. Athletes engaged in contact sports like wrestling; people who live in places crowded with other people like barracks, prison, and homeless shelter; people with existing skin problems that lead to scratching or injury; people with weak immune system, poor nutrition, obese or too fat; people who do not clean themselves or their surroundings properly. People that are at risk for Boil:
- 12. •A sty is a bump on the upper or lower eyelids. •It is caused by bacteria that gets in the air follicle or hair root of the eyelashes Sty
- 14. • A tuberculosis is a disease caused by bacteria called tubercle bacilli. • The bacteria usually attacks the lungs but they can also damage other parts of the body. • Tuberculosis is commonly called TB or PTB. • PTB can cause death. People with PTB should immediately see a doctor. Tuberculosis (TB or PTB)