disaster, definition,causes and types of disaster,principles of disaster, phases and management and team members, supplies during disaster, emergency care and role of nurse.
Definition of Triagea
Triage is the term derived from the French verb trier meaning to sort or to choose
It’s the process by which patients classified according to the type and urgency of their conditions to get the . Right patient to the
Right place at the
Right time with the
Right care provider
emergency nursing (management in emergency) pptNehaNupur8
complete information about the emergency care provided to the
patients, in emergency ward, after accident, in life and death condition this contain definition, process, system nursing management, medical management, research.
Definition of Triagea
Triage is the term derived from the French verb trier meaning to sort or to choose
It’s the process by which patients classified according to the type and urgency of their conditions to get the . Right patient to the
Right place at the
Right time with the
Right care provider
emergency nursing (management in emergency) pptNehaNupur8
complete information about the emergency care provided to the
patients, in emergency ward, after accident, in life and death condition this contain definition, process, system nursing management, medical management, research.
A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale sufficient to call for extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.(WHO, 1995)
An occurrence of a severity and magnitude that normally results in death, injuries and property damage that cannot be managed through the routine procedure and resources of government.- FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency)
A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or man made that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance. American Red Cross (ARC)
Disaster Nursing can be defined as the adaptation Of professional nursing skills in recognizing and meeting the nursing physical and emotional needs resulting from a disaster.
The overall goal of disaster nursing is to achieve the best possible level of health for the people and the community involved in the disaster.“Disaster Nursing is nursing practiced in a situation where professional supplies, equipment, physical facilities and utilities are limited or not available”.
D - DestructionsI - IncidentsS - SufferingsA - Administrative, Financial Failures.S - SentimentsT - TragediesE - Eruption of Communicable diseases.R - Research programme and its implementation
PLANNING FOR EMERGENCY AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT.pptxPRADEEP ABOTHU
Emergency and disaster management is essential for healthcare preparedness, with nurses playing a crucial role. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines emergencies as immediate threats to human health, life, property, or the environment. Disasters, on the other hand, are sudden or prolonged events that cause significant disruption and exceed a community's ability to cope. They can be natural or human-made.
Disaster management involves mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation aims to reduce the impact of disasters through risk assessment and vulnerability reduction. Preparedness includes developing plans, conducting training, and stockpiling supplies. Response involves immediate actions to save lives and meet basic needs, while recovery focuses on restoring affected areas and supporting the return to normalcy.
Key organizations and professionals in disaster management include the WHO, National Disaster Management Authority, local government and health departments, and various stakeholders. Disaster management plans are comprehensive strategies to respond to and recover from disasters, aiming to protect life, mitigate damage, coordinate resources, support community resilience, and enhance preparedness.
The disaster control room serves as the central command center, coordinating the response. It includes a rapid response team, designated beds for patients, necessary resources, and training and drills for preparedness. Elements of a disaster plan include education and training, resource assessment and mobilization, communication and coordination, and evacuation and sheltering protocols.
Activation of disaster management plans involves establishing a reception area, implementing a triage system, ensuring accurate documentation, managing public relations, and organizing crowd management and security arrangements.
Nurses have significant roles in disaster management. In healthcare facilities, they provide direct patient care, conduct triage, coordinate and communicate with other professionals, manage resources, and maintain documentation. In the community, nurses engage in preparedness education, conduct health assessments, collaborate with organizations, promote health and disease prevention, provide psychological support, advocate for the affected, and ensure continuity of care.
In conclusion, nurses are vital in emergency and disaster management, contributing to care, coordination, and support. Their expertise, compassion, and adaptability make them invaluable in mitigating the impact of disasters and promoting the well-being of individuals and communities.
Background: The frequency and intensity of both natural and man-made disasters have increased substantially over the past few decades. Consequences include great suffering, massive mortality, enormous economic losses, environmental damage and lasting psychological disorders of the survivors. For this reason, community members and government agencies have high expectations regarding the quality of medical care provided during a disaster response. Disaster medicine covers all aspects of disaster response including: disaster management systems, triage, epidemiology and infectious diseases prevention and psychological management.
Objective: This study aims to asses familiarity of students of the University of Medicine/ Faculty of Technical Medical sciences with disaster medicine concepts, evaluate training needs and define the preferred teaching method. It is a cross-sectional study of 100 students selected at random. A self administered structured questionnaire was distributed to the students containing questions regarding triage categories, first aid steps, trauma treatment, biological and chemical weapons, procedures to follow in specific disasters and preferred learning method.
A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
3. Definition
Disaster means any occurance that causes
damage, ecological destruction, loss of
human life or detereoration of health and
health services on a scale sufficient to
warrant an extra ordinary response from
outside the affected community area.
(WHO , 1995)
4. Disaster is a catastrophe causing injury or
illness simultaneously to at least 30 people
who will require hospital emergency
treatment.
A disaster is any human made or natural
event that causes destruction and
devastation that can’t be relieved without
assistance.
6. Causes and Types of disaster
Natural disaster – It is a consequence when
a natural hazard affects humun; Due to
violence of nature. Eg-earthquake.
Man-made – Disaster caused by human
action, negligence,error or involving the
failure of a system are called man-made
disaster.
9. Man made disasters
Caused by warfare (intentional)
Conventional warfare
Nuclear, biological and chemical warfare
Caused by accidents (unintentional)
Vehicular
Plane crash, ship wreck
Train and car accidents
Collapse of building
Explosion
Fires
Biological
Chemical
poisoning
10. Principles of disaster
management
• Prevent the disaster; Prevent the occurrence of
disaster whenever possible.
• Minimize casualties; Minimize the number of
casualties if the disaster cannot be prevented.
• Prevent further casualties; Prevent further
casualties after the initial impact of disaster.
The impact of many disasters are followed by
unstable situations which are dangerous to life
and can be more dangerous than the original
disaster.
• Rescue the victims; Removal of victims to
safety.
11. Principles of disaster
management
First aid; Provide first aid to the injured;
prompt first aid must be initiated to prevent
further damage /trauma and to prevent
complications.
Evacuate; Evacuate the injured to the
hospital or health care center; the victims
are to be transported carefully and as
quickly as possible to the nearby hospital or
health care center to initiate medical
management as soon as possible.
12. Principles of disaster
management
Medical care; Provide definite medical care;
efficient handling of a large number
casualties depends upon training of doctors
and nurses and to disaster preparedness of
the concerned institution. However health
professionals should be trained to
improvise, where necessary with whatever
available resources, so as to provide as
effective and efficient care to the disaster
victims as possible.
14. Co-ordinated response of emergency
services
The individuals are responsible for
maintaining their wellbeing.
Inter service co-ordination is the core of any
disaster operation.
Activities associated with disaster
preparedness, mitigation and disaster response
in a community has to be multidisciplinary in
nature.
Following are some of the emergency services
which should be co-ordinated at the onset of
any disaster;
15. Police
Police department provides 24 hours service.
Police is the first to get information about the
onset of disaster and to reach to the site.
They disseminate the information for the
organization of an orderly rescue and relief
operation.
The task responsibilities of the police in
disaster are;
Control of traffic and crowd
Protection of life and property
Search and rescue operations
Warning and evacuation
16. Firemen
Primary role of the firemen is the
extinguishing and prevention of fire.
The task responsibilities of firemen are;
Extinguishing and preventing fire
Rescue
First aid
17. Civil defence personnel
The role of civil defence personnel is to co-
ordinate the activities of the police and
fireman.
The tasks usually performed are;
Co-ordinating the services of police and firemen
Organising and directing
Set up communication system
18. Armed forces
Assist police and firemen in their function
as needed
Organize and establish the pattern of
communication, rescue, evacuation, first
aid, transportation of victims, direct relief
operation.
19. Doctors
The primary role of doctors is to save lives
and to prevent further trauma and injury;
First aid
Surgical support
Evacuation decisions
Triage
Providing basic life support measures to the
victim in critical condition. I.e. Basic airway
maintenance and control of serious bleeding.
20. Nurses
Assessment of victims
Triage
Giving basic life support measures to the
victims in critical condition. I.e, Basic airway
maintenance and control of serious bleeding.
Documentation of triage findings
Regulating flow of victims for first aid
First aid
Evacuation
21. Red cross personnel
Ambulance services
Setting up first aid team
Providing food, drink and temporary
shelters for victims and rescuers
Supplying drugs and equipment
Helping in rehabilitation
Supply of clothes, blankets, etc.
22. Volunteers
The genuine contribution of ‘public
spirited’ citizen should provide the bulk of
disaster operation in co-ordination with the
professionally trained persons.
Rescue
First aid
Evacuation
23. Public work personnel
They may perform any action which would
lessen the chance of a secondary disaster.
Removing road blocks to clear traffic for relief
vehicle, dozers, ambulances.
Prevention of any untoward effects. I.e,
breakdown of power lines, water lines and gas
lines.
Assistance to firemen in obtaining adequate
water for fire fighting.
Removing victims from under debris.
24. The Phases of Disaster management
• Mitigation:
– Lessen the impact of a disaster before it strikes
• Preparedness:
– Activities undertaken to handle a disaster when it strikes
• Response:
– Search and rescue, clearing debris, and feeding and
sheltering victims (and responders if necessary).
• Recovery:
– Getting a community back to its pre-disaster status
25. Mitigation
“Includes any activities
that prevent a disaster,
reduce the chances of a
disaster happening, or
reduce the damaging
effects of unavoidable
disasters”
(FEMA,1986)
26. Mitigation
• Activities that reduce or eliminate a hazard
– Prevention
– Risk reduction
• Examples
– Immunization programs
– Public education
– Improved building codes
28. Role of Nurse in Mitigation
Nurses have key role in disaster mitigation by
working with local, state and federal agencies in
identifying disaster risks and developing disaster
prevention strategies through extensive public
education in disaster prevention and readiness.
The nurse needs to have knowledge about
community assessment information, community
resources (e.g., hospitals, clinics), community
health personnel (e.g., nurses, doctors, emergency
medical teams), community govt. officials and
local industry.
31. Preparedness
• Activities that are taken to build capacity
and identify resources that may be used
– Know evacuation shelters
– Emergency communication plan
– Preventive measures to prevent spread of
disease
– Public Education
33. Role of nurse
Community health nurse have skills in crises
intervention and are involved in acute care, first aid,
rescue and evacuation procedures, recognizing and
preventing communicable illnesses.
To establish an effective public communication
system.
34. Response
• Activities a hospital,
healthcare system, or
public health agency take
immediately before,
during, and after a disaster
or emergency occurs.
35. Response
How these goals are achieved will vary with the type of
disaster and the type of rescue worker.
Police officers and firefighters will have an entirely
different focus than health care workers.
Preplanning mandates the designation of a command
center and coordinated interactions among various
response personnel.
In the event of a disaster situation, the emergency
operation center (EOC) becomes operational. The EOC
includes health personnel from the local emergency
medical system (EMS). These personnel will be included
in treating people at the scene of the disaster as well as
at other designated location, including local hospitals.
36. Response
The management of mass casualties can be
further divided into;
Search and rescue.
Field care/ first aid
Triage and stabilization of victims.
Hospital treatment and redistribution of
patients to other hospitals, if necessary.
37. Response
• Tagging
All patients should be identified with tags stating their
name, age, place of origin, triage category, diagnosis
and initial treatment.
Identification of dead
Removal of dead from the disaster scene.
Shifting to mortuary
Reception of bereaved relatives.
38. Recovery
• Activities undertaken by a
community and its
components after an
emergency or disaster to
restore minimum services
and move towards long-
term restoration.
– Debris Removal
– Care and Shelter
– Damage Assessments
– Funding Assistance
39. Recovery
The reconstruction of the victim’s life
begins with initial care and continues until
the victim has recovered. This may take few
days , months, or years.
Victim and disaster workers must receive
adequate psychological counseling and
emotional support to be able to effectively
return to normal living.
40. Disaster triage
To determine the priorities of care, victims
are classified into several groups.
Classification according to treatment need;
Minimal treatment; Persons who may assist
others after treatment is given.
Immediate treatment; persons who will benefit
most by treatment.
Delayed treatment; Persons who will not die if
treatment is delayed.
Expectant treatment; critically injured persons
who will receive treatment if time permits.
41. Classification according to
priority of care
Priority one; Emergency; Persons who need
immediate attention to save their lives.
Priority two; Urgent; Persons who need attention
within a few hours; If they do not receive attention,
may suffer serious consequences.
Priority three; Non-urgent; Persons who can
tolerate a delay in receiving attention. Victims in
this group can be attended in order of arrival and
will need assurance that they have not been
forgotten about.
Priority four; Non-acute; Persons who do not
require the services from rescuing/emergency
department but can be examined by the medical
staff as a regular or routine case.
42. Disaster prevention
The measures designed to prevent natural
phenomenon from causing or resulting in
disaster or other emergency situations. It
include;
Formulation and implementation of long range
policies and programs to prevent or eliminate
the occurrence of disaster.
Enactment of legislation and regulatory
measures pertaining to physical and urban
planning, public works and building.
44. Role of the Nurse at the Disaster
Site• Ensure safety
• First Aid
• Emergency care
45. Role of the Nurse in a Shelter
• Objective: temporary means of caring
• Assessment
• Planning:
• 24/7 nursing and ancillary coverage
• Supplies
• Implementation
• Evaluation
46. Role of the CHN in a
Community Setting After a
Disaster
• Goal: Achieve the best possible level of
health for persons in a community after a
disaster
• Primary Prevention
• Secondary Prevention
• Tertiary Prevention
48. Nurses’ roles in disasters
It depend on the ability of the nurse and the
specific situation.
A nurse may be the only healthcare
provider in a given area and be responsible
for giving initial first aid treatment or
supervising the activity of others.
49. Nurses’ roles in disasters
Identifies the type of disaster that may occur in local
community.
Organizes a disaster plan to be followed for
different situations.
Arrange for stimulated skills to test the effectiveness
of plan.
Determines need for education or updating of
necessary skills of participants.
Actively participates in planning, implementing and
evaluating phase of community disaster
preparedness.
Develops their own nursing response plan to
determine role of community health, institutional
and volunteer nurse in the event of a disaster in
their community.
50. Nurses’ roles in
disasters
During a disaster, she becomes
actively involved and provides
proper nursing care to the
community.
Determine magnitude of the
event
Define health needs of the
affected groups
Establish priorities and
objectives
Identify actual and potential
public health problems
51. Nurses’ roles in disasters
Determine resources needed to respond to
the needs identified
Collaborate with other professional
disciplines, governmental and non-
governmental agencies
Maintain a unified chain of command
Informs the relatives about the accident or
illness and the name of the place where the
patient is admitted.
52. • Handles the patient properly if she
is alone, because too much
investigation and moving of the
body parts for inspection can have
adverse effect.
• Assess health needs.
• Provide physical and
psychological support to victims in
the shelters.
• Shift the patient at safer places.
Eg. If the patient is feeling
suffocation in room, shift the
patient in veranda.
53. Nurses’ roles in disasters
During the impact phase injured persons are triaged.
Give comfortable position to the patient.
Gives psychological support to the patient, his family
and other people.
Avoid handling the patient unnecessarily.
Avoid the people to crowding around the patient
because it may increase the anxiety if the patient. Only
allow the people to come close who can provide the first
aid.
Give artificial respiration immediately, if breathing
stops.
Morgue facilities are established and coordinated.
Search and reunion activities are organized.
54. Nursing role in disasters
1. Assess the community
2. Diagnose community
disaster threats
3. Community disaster
planning
4. Implement disaster
plan
5. Evaluate effectiveness
of disaster plan
55. Communication is a success key
• Nursing organizations must have a
comprehensive and accurate registry for all
members
• Have a structured plan:
• Collaborate and coordinate with local
authorities
• Have a hotline 24x7
• Inform nurses where to report and how (keep
records)
• Make sure have a coordinator to prevent chaos
• Ensure ways to maintain communication
Editor's Notes
Most immediate help comes from uninjured survivors.
Most injured persons converge spontaneously to health facilities, operating status. Proving proper care to the casualties require that the health service resources be redirected to this new priority. Bed availability and surgical services should be maximized. Provisions should be made for food and shelter. A centre should be established to respond to enquiries from patient’s relatives and friends. Priority should be given to victim’s identification and adequate mortuary space should be provided.
Trige