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Disaster Management

1) The document discusses a presentation on disaster management given by Sanyam Gandotra. It covers topics such as disturbing trends in disasters in India, factors responsible for increasing disasters, lessons learned from recent disasters, the disaster management cycle, hazard vulnerability in India, the Disaster Management Act of 2005, and the charter and organization of the National Disaster Management Authority. 2) Key points include that over 5.5 lakh lives and $64,800 crore property have been lost to major disasters in India from 1990-2005. Climate change, population growth, and development practices are increasing disasters. Recent disasters showed weaknesses in early warning systems, response coordination, and specialized resources. 3) The Disaster

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PRESENTATION ONPRESENTATION ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT:DISASTER MANAGEMENT: BYBY Sanyam GandotraSanyam Gandotra IX BIX B Roll No.34Roll No.34
PREVIEW 1. Disturbing Trends of Disasters and their Impact on India. 2. Factors Responsible for Increasing Number of Disasters. 3. Lessons Learnt from Recent Disasters. 4. Disaster Management Cycle. 5. Hazard Vulnerability of India. 6. Disaster Management Act, 2005. 7. Charter and Vision of NDMA. 8. Organisation of NDMA. 9. National Disaster Response Force. 10. Role of Armed Forces in Disaster Management. 11. Conclusion.
DISTURBING TRENDS OF DISASTERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON INDIA
INDIA ALASKA USA CHINA AREA-WISE EVENTS (1975-2001) DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS INDONESIA JAPAN
DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER (1975-2001) INDIA ALASKA USA CHINA INDONESIA JAPAN IMPACT OF MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MEASURES
GLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERSGLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s1990’s Note : 1. UN Declared the decade of 1990-1999 as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. 2. Losses 1995-1999 - Developed World – 2.5% of GDP. - Developing World – 13.4% of GDP. *Source www.em-dat.net LossesLosses in US $in US $ BillionBillion PERIODPERIOD
LOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKESLOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKES (>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA(>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA (2003 - 2005)(2003 - 2005) No ofNo of EarthquakesEarthquakes KilledKilled InjuredInjured HousesHouses DestroyedDestroyed DamagedDamaged JAPANJAPAN TenTen 3434 10481048 > 496> 496 >3553>3553 USAUSA SevenSeven 0202 5959 >55>55 >235>235
MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005 YEAR PLACES & DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES (APPROX) LOSS OF PROPERTY ( Rs Crore) (APPROX) 1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000 2000 1993 Latur Earthquake 9500 6000 1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200 5000 1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000 2000 1999 Orissa S Cyclone 9887 10000 2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000 13400 2004 SE India Tsunami 15000 10000 2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700 5000 2005 J&K Avalanche 350 100 2005 Mah, Guj, HP, Karnataka, T’Nadu Floods 1569 10300 2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336 1000 Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800 1. If Average Annual Lives Lost are Added, Figure Will go to More than 2. Adding Average Annual Losses, the Figure Will be More than
INDIAINDIA ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERSECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS PERIOD Annual- Impact on People 1. Losses in lives - 4334. 2. People affected - 30 Million. 3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million. 36 54 86 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 91 - 95 96 - 00 '01 - 05 50 % 139 % Losses inLosses in ThousandThousand CroresCrores Annual- Financial Losses Percentage of Central Revenue (for relief) – 12%.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FORFACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING NUMBER OFINCREASING NUMBER OF DISASTERSDISASTERS  Population Growth and Urban Development  Development Practices  Climatic changes  Effect of Environmental degradation
POLAR ICE CAPS ARE MELTING FASTER THAN EVER… MORE AND MORE LAND IS BEING DEVASTATED BY DROUGHT… RISING WATERS ARE DROWNING LOW-LYING COMMUNITIES…
VICIOUS CYCLE GLOBAL WARMING INUNDATING LOW COASTAL AREAS BURNING FOSSIL FUELS AND BURNING FORESTS RELEASE CARBON REDUCES OXYGEN AND INCREASES DROUGHT MELTING POLAR ICE RAISES SEA LEVELS NOW IT IS VERY MUCH EVIDENT THAT CLIMATE DISRUPTIONS FEED OFF ONE ANOTHER IN ACCELERATING SPIRALS OF DESTRUCTION.
LESSONS LEARNT FROM THE RECENT DISASTERS
DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITYDIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY ““The country’s Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are alsoThe country’s Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are also frighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they getfrighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they get overwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarieroverwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarier things get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertaintythings get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertainty develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---”develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---” TIME, 19 September 2005TIME, 19 September 2005 Hurricane Impact (Law & Order) Loss of Property and Lives State Overwhelmed Federal CHAOS 48 7224 96 Early warning Preparedness Fed + State Response (Fed + State ) Response IN HURRICANE RITA THE FEDERAL GOVT GOT INVOLVED FROM THE WARNING STAGE. HURRICANE KATRINA (US)
BANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORYBANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORY IN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSEIN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE Losses of Lives Remarks 1. Losses of lives shown for Cyclones with equal Intensity. 2. Success as a result of well defined Responsibilities and Coordinated & Efficient Response Mechanism. CYCLONES – AREA – COX BAZAAR 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 138,000 127111 500,000 1970 1991 1994 1997 Even when Population had doubled
Existed on Paper But, Enforcement Lacking. Most Crucial Responder -NOT Formally Part of Response Plan.Technological Shortfall - Many Lives Could have Been Saved.
1.1. Mitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & shouldMitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should bebe “Technology Driven”.“Technology Driven”. 2.2. Weakness inWeakness in “Early Warning Systems”“Early Warning Systems” and Disseminationand Dissemination of Information to Far Flung Areas.of Information to Far Flung Areas. 3.3. Decision to Provide Aid :-Decision to Provide Aid :- (a)(a) SlowSlow because ofbecause of ProceduresProcedures.. (b) Request from States not backed by(b) Request from States not backed by ProperProper Assessment.Assessment. 4.4. States Organizations – Not Geared toStates Organizations – Not Geared to GuideGuide && ReceiveReceive Aid.Aid. 5.5. Disaster Response Resources at State Level –Disaster Response Resources at State Level – Very InadequateVery Inadequate.. NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT
6.6. Non Availability of Specialist EquipmentNon Availability of Specialist Equipment,, (Incl Mobile Field Hospitals).(Incl Mobile Field Hospitals). 7.7. Assistance from NGOsAssistance from NGOs NOT Coordinated & OptimisedNOT Coordinated & Optimised.. 8.8. People -People - Principal ActorsPrincipal Actors -- Focused Public-- Focused Public AwarenessAwareness CampaignCampaign a Must.a Must. 9.9. Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction -Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Lot of GAPS.Lot of GAPS. 10.10. Positive LessonPositive Lesson -- Role of the Armed Forces-- Role of the Armed Forces NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLEDISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE Emergency Response Post-disaster: recovery Preparedness Prevention/ Mitigation Reconstruction Rehabilitation Response/Relief Pre-disaster: risk reduction Disaster Emergency Response Post-disaster: recovery Preparedness Prevention/ Mitigation Reconstruction Rehabilitation Response/Relief Pre-disaster: risk reduction Disaster
DISASTER is an event which is – -generally unpredictable, -happens instantly or without giving enough time to react -affecting a large number of people, -disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale devastation in terms of loss of life and property -always finding the administration and affected people struggling to respond in the desired manner and -leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic WHAT IS A DISASTER?
CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERSCLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS  Natural, Man-made & Human-Natural, Man-made & Human- inducedinduced  Disasters occur in varied formsDisasters occur in varied forms  Some are predictable in advanceSome are predictable in advance  Some are annual or seasonalSome are annual or seasonal  Some are sudden and unpredictableSome are sudden and unpredictable  Factors leading to a DisasterFactors leading to a Disaster  Meteorological, Geological, Ecological orMeteorological, Geological, Ecological or Environmental, Technological Etc.Environmental, Technological Etc.
NATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERS  FloodsFloods  EarthquakesEarthquakes  CyclonesCyclones  DroughtsDroughts  Landslides, Pest Attacks, ForestLandslides, Pest Attacks, Forest Fires, Avalanches etcFires, Avalanches etc
TIME DURATION OF NATURALTIME DURATION OF NATURAL DISASTERSDISASTERS Earthquakes ->Earthquakes -> Seconds/minutesSeconds/minutes CyclonesCyclones -> Days-> Days FloodsFloods -> Days-> Days DroughtsDroughts -> Months-> Months
Prevention Rescue Structural Measures Warning and Evacuation Non-Structural Measures Planning of Disaster Response Reconstruct. & Recovery Risk Analysis DISASTER MANAGEMENT MITIGATION RESPONSE Risk Assessment Preparedness Hazard Assessment Vulnerability Analysis Relief Rehab LONG TERM MEASURES Being done efficiently Needs better Planning No Substantial Work done so far Note DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM
HAZARD VULNERABILITY OF INDIA
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002 Zone VZone V MM IX or moreMM IX or more ““ IVIV MM VIIIMM VIII ““ III MM VIIIII MM VII Zone II MM VIZone II MM VI ““ I MM V or lessI MM V or less together now maketogether now make Zone II MM VI or lessZone II MM VI or less Area under the zonesArea under the zones VV 12%12% IVIV 18%18% IIIIII ~27%~27% Total damageableTotal damageable ~ 57%~ 57% V V III V III IV V IV
WIND &WIND & CYCLONECYCLONE HAZARDHAZARD ZONES INZONES IN INDIAINDIA
FLOODFLOOD HAZARDHAZARD PRONEPRONE AREASAREAS OFOF INDIAINDIA
LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES ZONATIONZONATION MAPMAP OFOF INDIAINDIA Severe Risk AreaSevere Risk Area High Risk AreaHigh Risk Area Moderate Risk AreaModerate Risk Area Unlikely OccurrenceUnlikely Occurrence
*Types:*Types: Earthquake,Earthquake, Cyclone,Cyclone, Tsunami,Tsunami, Flood,Flood, Drought &Drought & Landslide.Landslide. 1 4 10 17 *Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy*Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy Financial Losses averagingFinancial Losses averaging Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores,Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores, Annually.Annually. 3
“In order to Coordinate Central Govt efforts in Preparedness, Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Relief and Rehabilitation and for adoption of a Holistic Pro-active Approach to Disaster Management, a NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY has come into being by an Act of Parliament in December 2005 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the NODAL AGENCY for Disaster Management in the Country.” DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIES HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE NDMA / NEC PLANNING COMMISSION OTHER MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS ARMED FORCES MHA NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE GOVT OF INDIA NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRE STATES/ UTs GOVTs SDMAs STATE DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS DEPARTMENT OF HOME HOME GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE DISTRICTS DEPARTMENTS HOME GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE & FIRE SERVICESDDMAs LOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIES COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY FIRE SERVICES
CHARTER – NDMA AND VISION
1.1. The ‘National Authority’ shall have the responsibility forThe ‘National Authority’ shall have the responsibility for laying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disasterlaying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disaster Management for ensuring Timely and EffectiveManagement for ensuring Timely and Effective Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made).Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made). 2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the Policy and Plans for Disaster Management.Policy and Plans for Disaster Management. 3.3. International Assistance and Cooperation.International Assistance and Cooperation. PlanPlan ApproveApprove CoordCoord MonitorMonitor EnsureEnsure ImplementationImplementation CHARTER
“The National Vision is, to build a Safer and Disaster Resilient India, by developing a Holistic, Proactive, Multi-hazard and Technology-Driven Strategy for DM. This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt and efficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entire process will Centre-Stage the Community and will be provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective efforts of all Government Agencies and Non- Governmental Organisations. VISION
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY CHAIRMAN (PRIME MINISTER) VICE CHAIRMAN CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIES POLICIES, PREVENTION, MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MR. K.M. SINGH MEMBER Mr B BHATTACHARJEE MEMBER LT. GEN. JRB MEMBER MR. M.K. MEMBER MR. M. S. REDDY MEMBER MR. NVC MENON MEMBER SECRETARY NDMA CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Mrs. P.J RAO MEMBER
DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING Financial Advisor International Cooperation Mitigation & Preparedness Policies & Plans Media & Public Preparedness PlansPolicies Accounts & Audits Finance Project Formulation & Preparedness Project Monitoring Media & Information Community Preparedness
CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC NEOC & CAPACITY BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS,SYS & KM Operations & Logistics Systems & KMCommunicationsCapacity Building Control Room Logistics Coordina tion Strategic Planning & Policy Scenario Building Operational Commns Logistics Network IT & Systems Knowledge Management & IDRN Network
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE • NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. • Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC. • NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters. • The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response. • It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations. • They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will be available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays. • Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF Battalions. • They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs. • NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in their respective locations.
NDRF BNS – REGIONAL MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES (RMRCS) & TRAINING CENTRES NDRF BNs/ RMRCs TRAINING CENTRES APEX TRAINING CENTRE LEGEND CHANDIGARH GR. NOIDA ½ Bn Each GANDHINAGAR PUNE BHUBANESHWAR KOLKATA GUWAHATI PATNA (SSB) ½ Bn NAGPUR LATUR CHENNAI HYDERABAD
CONSTITUTION OF SPECIALISED SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM Team Commander (Inspector) Tech. Support (6) Adm. Support Team (7) 2 IC/ Ops Officer (Sub Inspector) Team B (6) Team C (6) Team D (6) Dog Squad (3) Medical Support Team (3) Team A (6) Total – 45 Personnel
CONSTITUTION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM FOR NBC EMERGENCIES Team Commander (Inspector) Information Officer (Sub Inspector) Safety Officer (Sub Inspector) Dy Team Leader (Sub Inspector) Tech. Support (4) Detection & Assessment Cum Evacuation Team (6) Rescue And Evacuation Team (6) Rescue and Evacuation Team (6) Deconta- mination Team (6) Medical Unit (6) Adm. Support Team (7) Total – 45 Personnel
“For Development to be Sustainable, Disaster Mitigation Must be Built Into The Planning Process”
“EVERY DISASTER MUST BE TREATED AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO BUILD BACK BETTER”
DON’T PASS IT ON TAKE IT ON TAKE IT ON TAKE IT ON
HAZARDHAZARD A dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential forA dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment.causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment. Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings:Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings: • Natural HazardsNatural Hazards (hazards with meteorological, geological or(hazards with meteorological, geological or biological origin)biological origin) • Unnatural HazardsUnnatural Hazards (hazards with human-caused or technological(hazards with human-caused or technological origin)origin) Natural phenomena are extremeNatural phenomena are extreme climatologicalclimatological,, hydrologicalhydrological, or, or geologicalgeological, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is a natural phenomenon,a natural phenomenon, not a hazard.not a hazard. But when these naturalBut when these natural phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause widephenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause wide spread damage. Then, they become hazardspread damage. Then, they become hazard
VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY Vulnerability is defined asVulnerability is defined as "The extent to which a"The extent to which a community, structure, service, or geographic area iscommunity, structure, service, or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact oflikely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account ofparticular hazard, on account of their naturetheir nature,, constructionconstruction andand proximity to hazardous terrainproximity to hazardous terrain or aor a disaster prone areadisaster prone area.“.“ • Physical vulnerabilityPhysical vulnerability – weak buildings, bridges, service– weak buildings, bridges, service lines, lifeline structures, production units etc.lines, lifeline structures, production units etc. • Social & Economic vulnerabilitySocial & Economic vulnerability Human losses in disasters in developing countries areHuman losses in disasters in developing countries are seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.
RISKRISK Risk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries,Risk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, economic activity etc) due to aproperty, economic activity etc) due to a hazardhazard of aof a particularparticular magnitude or Intensitymagnitude or Intensity occurring in a given areaoccurring in a given area over a specific time period.over a specific time period. • Exposure:Exposure: the value and importance of the various types ofthe value and importance of the various types of structures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply,structures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply, communication network, transportation network etc in thecommunication network, transportation network etc in the community serving the population)community serving the population)
HAZARD – VULNERABILITY- RISK – DISASTER
LESSONS LEARNT – HURRICANE KATRINA “And any time you break that cycle of Preparing, Responding, Recovering and Mitigating, you are doomed to failure. And the policies and decision that were implemented by DHS put FEMA on a path to failure.” -Michael Brown,Director,FEMA General 1. The Foremost Lesson - all Facets of Disaster Cycle should be under one Agency and not split among Multi-facet Authorities. Mitigation & Preparedness 2. State’s Sovereignty be maintained in all Phases of Disaster Cycle. 3. Creating Culture of Preparedness at Community level. 4. Integrated Approach (of the Civil and Military efforts) for Preparedness. Coopt Armed Forces in Disaster Response Plan. 5. Removal of Red Tapism and Bureaucratic Approach. US National Response Plan is elaborate but Failed to Deliver. Need to Rewrite Rationale Response Plan to include, conduct of mock drills periodically, state-of-the-art system in supply chain management of relief supplies and inventory tracking.
6. Training and Equipping of Central Response Force duly backed by trained teams from Armed Forces 7. Safe Houses . Identify shelters, for accommodating evacuees, both in Govt and Private Sector, during Emergencies. 8. Establishment of a Homeland Security University. On the lines of National Defence University, for General Awareness, Training and Research. 9. Use of Experts to find solutions to disaster related issues. Communications 10. Failure within the DHS and in Communicating Relevant Information to Public, for Early Warning, resulting in all available Federal Assets not being utilised. Need to develop a more Comprehensive Emergency Communication System, to ensure Survivability, Operability, Inter-Operability and Redundancy. Response 11. Disaster Response Group at Central level to resolve disagreements on Employment of Resources. This Group should also act as Single Window Assistance Access for public. 12. Security of Assets by employing Local Law Enforcing Force for Law and Order.
13. Coordination, between: (a) Search & Rescue and Medical Teams. (b) State and Central Response Teams (c) Local (Distt), State and Central Response Teams, to have inter-operable Communication Network. (d) At State level, Volunteer Coordinators in` State Emergency Operation Centre, for coordinating Volunteer Efforts, like Debris Clearance, etc. (e) Integrated Command at field level – local Response Units (National Guards) and Active Duty Forces (ex Armed Forces) to work in tandem. Mobile Command Field Centre near disaster site (not 80 km away in Baton Rouge like during Katrina). 14. Need for National Emergency Operation Centre at DHS. DHS to have a National Emergency Operations Centre, in addition to White House Situation Room, regardless of whether President & the Secretary DHS are in same place, to maintain flow of information from one agency. 15. Integrated Response. Civil and military assets to be combined and employed as one resource and NOT in a graduated manner.
STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 1. Change of Focus from Relief Centric to Holistic Approach. 2. Mainstreaming Disaster Management into all National Developmental Programmes. 3. Empowerment of the Community to face the Disaster. 4. Emphasis on Training, Development of Human Capital and Capacity Building. 5. Key Role of Educational and Professional Institutions for Mass Education and Awareness. 6. Upgradation of the Key Responders.
STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT 7. Supporting and Enabling Mechanisms for the Districts and States. 8. Failsafe Early Warning & Communication Systems. 9. Coordinated, Timely and Effective Response. 10. Involvement of NGOs & Corporate Sectors. 11. Time Bound Action Plan for Earthquakes, Floods & Cyclones. 12. Pro-active Participation at the Regional and International Level.
1.1. Concerned Member of Authority.Concerned Member of Authority. 2.2. Concerned Ministry – Representative.Concerned Ministry – Representative. 3.3. Lead/Nodal Organisations/Departments -Lead/Nodal Organisations/Departments - Representatives.Representatives. 4.4. Project TeamProject Team ((When Study ordered on theWhen Study ordered on the SubjectSubject).). 5.5. Advisors/Experts.Advisors/Experts. 6.6. Leading National (Academic – IITs) Institutions.Leading National (Academic – IITs) Institutions. Secretarial SupportSecretarial Support 7.7. Additional Secretary.Additional Secretary. 8.8. Joint Secretary Planning.Joint Secretary Planning. 9.9. DDG Strategic Planning.DDG Strategic Planning. POLICY FORMULATIONPOLICY FORMULATION TEAM COMPOSTIONTEAM COMPOSTION
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Disaster Management

  • 1.
    PRESENTATION ONPRESENTATION ON DISASTERMANAGEMENT:DISASTER MANAGEMENT: BYBY Sanyam GandotraSanyam Gandotra IX BIX B Roll No.34Roll No.34
  • 2.
    PREVIEW 1. Disturbing Trendsof Disasters and their Impact on India. 2. Factors Responsible for Increasing Number of Disasters. 3. Lessons Learnt from Recent Disasters. 4. Disaster Management Cycle. 5. Hazard Vulnerability of India. 6. Disaster Management Act, 2005. 7. Charter and Vision of NDMA. 8. Organisation of NDMA. 9. National Disaster Response Force. 10. Role of Armed Forces in Disaster Management. 11. Conclusion.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
    DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLEAFFECTED BY DISASTER (1975-2001) INDIA ALASKA USA CHINA INDONESIA JAPAN IMPACT OF MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MEASURES
  • 6.
    GLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSESDUE TO DISASTERSGLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS 1960’s 1970’s 1980’s1960’s 1970’s 1980’s 1990’s1990’s Note : 1. UN Declared the decade of 1990-1999 as International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. 2. Losses 1995-1999 - Developed World – 2.5% of GDP. - Developing World – 13.4% of GDP. *Source www.em-dat.net LossesLosses in US $in US $ BillionBillion PERIODPERIOD
  • 7.
    LOSSES DUE TOMAJOR EARTHQUAKESLOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKES (>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA(>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA (2003 - 2005)(2003 - 2005) No ofNo of EarthquakesEarthquakes KilledKilled InjuredInjured HousesHouses DestroyedDestroyed DamagedDamaged JAPANJAPAN TenTen 3434 10481048 > 496> 496 >3553>3553 USAUSA SevenSeven 0202 5959 >55>55 >235>235
  • 8.
    MAJOR DISASTERS ININDIA : 1990 - 2005MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005 YEAR PLACES & DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES (APPROX) LOSS OF PROPERTY ( Rs Crore) (APPROX) 1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000 2000 1993 Latur Earthquake 9500 6000 1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200 5000 1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000 2000 1999 Orissa S Cyclone 9887 10000 2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000 13400 2004 SE India Tsunami 15000 10000 2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700 5000 2005 J&K Avalanche 350 100 2005 Mah, Guj, HP, Karnataka, T’Nadu Floods 1569 10300 2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336 1000 Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800 1. If Average Annual Lives Lost are Added, Figure Will go to More than 2. Adding Average Annual Losses, the Figure Will be More than
  • 9.
    INDIAINDIA ECONOMIC LOSSES DUETO DISASTERSECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS PERIOD Annual- Impact on People 1. Losses in lives - 4334. 2. People affected - 30 Million. 3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million. 36 54 86 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 91 - 95 96 - 00 '01 - 05 50 % 139 % Losses inLosses in ThousandThousand CroresCrores Annual- Financial Losses Percentage of Central Revenue (for relief) – 12%.
  • 10.
    FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FORFACTORSRESPONSIBLE FOR INCREASING NUMBER OFINCREASING NUMBER OF DISASTERSDISASTERS  Population Growth and Urban Development  Development Practices  Climatic changes  Effect of Environmental degradation
  • 12.
    POLAR ICE CAPS AREMELTING FASTER THAN EVER… MORE AND MORE LAND IS BEING DEVASTATED BY DROUGHT… RISING WATERS ARE DROWNING LOW-LYING COMMUNITIES…
  • 13.
    VICIOUS CYCLE GLOBAL WARMING INUNDATING LOW COASTALAREAS BURNING FOSSIL FUELS AND BURNING FORESTS RELEASE CARBON REDUCES OXYGEN AND INCREASES DROUGHT MELTING POLAR ICE RAISES SEA LEVELS NOW IT IS VERY MUCH EVIDENT THAT CLIMATE DISRUPTIONS FEED OFF ONE ANOTHER IN ACCELERATING SPIRALS OF DESTRUCTION.
  • 14.
    LESSONS LEARNT FROM THERECENT DISASTERS
  • 15.
    DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITYDIVISIONOF RESPONSIBILITY ““The country’s Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are alsoThe country’s Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are also frighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they getfrighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they get overwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarieroverwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarier things get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertaintythings get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertainty develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---”develops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---” TIME, 19 September 2005TIME, 19 September 2005 Hurricane Impact (Law & Order) Loss of Property and Lives State Overwhelmed Federal CHAOS 48 7224 96 Early warning Preparedness Fed + State Response (Fed + State ) Response IN HURRICANE RITA THE FEDERAL GOVT GOT INVOLVED FROM THE WARNING STAGE. HURRICANE KATRINA (US)
  • 16.
    BANGLADESH - ASUCCESS STORYBANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORY IN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSEIN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE Losses of Lives Remarks 1. Losses of lives shown for Cyclones with equal Intensity. 2. Success as a result of well defined Responsibilities and Coordinated & Efficient Response Mechanism. CYCLONES – AREA – COX BAZAAR 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 400000 450000 500000 138,000 127111 500,000 1970 1991 1994 1997 Even when Population had doubled
  • 17.
    Existed on PaperBut, Enforcement Lacking. Most Crucial Responder -NOT Formally Part of Response Plan.Technological Shortfall - Many Lives Could have Been Saved.
  • 18.
    1.1. Mitigation SystemsRequire Manifold Improvement & shouldMitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should bebe “Technology Driven”.“Technology Driven”. 2.2. Weakness inWeakness in “Early Warning Systems”“Early Warning Systems” and Disseminationand Dissemination of Information to Far Flung Areas.of Information to Far Flung Areas. 3.3. Decision to Provide Aid :-Decision to Provide Aid :- (a)(a) SlowSlow because ofbecause of ProceduresProcedures.. (b) Request from States not backed by(b) Request from States not backed by ProperProper Assessment.Assessment. 4.4. States Organizations – Not Geared toStates Organizations – Not Geared to GuideGuide && ReceiveReceive Aid.Aid. 5.5. Disaster Response Resources at State Level –Disaster Response Resources at State Level – Very InadequateVery Inadequate.. NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT
  • 19.
    6.6. Non Availabilityof Specialist EquipmentNon Availability of Specialist Equipment,, (Incl Mobile Field Hospitals).(Incl Mobile Field Hospitals). 7.7. Assistance from NGOsAssistance from NGOs NOT Coordinated & OptimisedNOT Coordinated & Optimised.. 8.8. People -People - Principal ActorsPrincipal Actors -- Focused Public-- Focused Public AwarenessAwareness CampaignCampaign a Must.a Must. 9.9. Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction -Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Lot of GAPS.Lot of GAPS. 10.10. Positive LessonPositive Lesson -- Role of the Armed Forces-- Role of the Armed Forces NATURAL DISASTERS – LESSONS LEARNT
  • 20.
    DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLEDISASTERMANAGEMENT CYCLE Emergency Response Post-disaster: recovery Preparedness Prevention/ Mitigation Reconstruction Rehabilitation Response/Relief Pre-disaster: risk reduction Disaster Emergency Response Post-disaster: recovery Preparedness Prevention/ Mitigation Reconstruction Rehabilitation Response/Relief Pre-disaster: risk reduction Disaster
  • 21.
    DISASTER is anevent which is – -generally unpredictable, -happens instantly or without giving enough time to react -affecting a large number of people, -disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale devastation in terms of loss of life and property -always finding the administration and affected people struggling to respond in the desired manner and -leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic WHAT IS A DISASTER?
  • 22.
    CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERSCLASSIFICATIONOF DISASTERS  Natural, Man-made & Human-Natural, Man-made & Human- inducedinduced  Disasters occur in varied formsDisasters occur in varied forms  Some are predictable in advanceSome are predictable in advance  Some are annual or seasonalSome are annual or seasonal  Some are sudden and unpredictableSome are sudden and unpredictable  Factors leading to a DisasterFactors leading to a Disaster  Meteorological, Geological, Ecological orMeteorological, Geological, Ecological or Environmental, Technological Etc.Environmental, Technological Etc.
  • 23.
    NATURAL DISASTERSNATURAL DISASTERS FloodsFloods  EarthquakesEarthquakes  CyclonesCyclones  DroughtsDroughts  Landslides, Pest Attacks, ForestLandslides, Pest Attacks, Forest Fires, Avalanches etcFires, Avalanches etc
  • 24.
    TIME DURATION OFNATURALTIME DURATION OF NATURAL DISASTERSDISASTERS Earthquakes ->Earthquakes -> Seconds/minutesSeconds/minutes CyclonesCyclones -> Days-> Days FloodsFloods -> Days-> Days DroughtsDroughts -> Months-> Months
  • 25.
    Prevention Rescue Structural Measures Warning and Evacuation Non-Structural Measures Planning of Disaster Response Reconstruct. & Recovery RiskAnalysis DISASTER MANAGEMENT MITIGATION RESPONSE Risk Assessment Preparedness Hazard Assessment Vulnerability Analysis Relief Rehab LONG TERM MEASURES Being done efficiently Needs better Planning No Substantial Work done so far Note DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM
  • 26.
  • 27.
    EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES2002EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002 Zone VZone V MM IX or moreMM IX or more ““ IVIV MM VIIIMM VIII ““ III MM VIIIII MM VII Zone II MM VIZone II MM VI ““ I MM V or lessI MM V or less together now maketogether now make Zone II MM VI or lessZone II MM VI or less Area under the zonesArea under the zones VV 12%12% IVIV 18%18% IIIIII ~27%~27% Total damageableTotal damageable ~ 57%~ 57% V V III V III IV V IV
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
    LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES ZONATIONZONATION MAPMAP OFOF INDIAINDIA Severe Risk AreaSevereRisk Area High Risk AreaHigh Risk Area Moderate Risk AreaModerate Risk Area Unlikely OccurrenceUnlikely Occurrence
  • 31.
    *Types:*Types: Earthquake,Earthquake, Cyclone,Cyclone,Tsunami,Tsunami, Flood,Flood, Drought &Drought & Landslide.Landslide. 1 4 10 17 *Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy*Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy Financial Losses averagingFinancial Losses averaging Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores,Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores, Annually.Annually. 3
  • 32.
    “In order toCoordinate Central Govt efforts in Preparedness, Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Relief and Rehabilitation and for adoption of a Holistic Pro-active Approach to Disaster Management, a NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY has come into being by an Act of Parliament in December 2005 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the NODAL AGENCY for Disaster Management in the Country.” DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
  • 33.
    CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENTOF NATURAL CALAMITIES HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE NDMA / NEC PLANNING COMMISSION OTHER MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS ARMED FORCES MHA NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE GOVT OF INDIA NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRE STATES/ UTs GOVTs SDMAs STATE DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE MINISTRIES/ DEPARTMENTS DEPARTMENT OF HOME HOME GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE DISTRICTS DEPARTMENTS HOME GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE & FIRE SERVICESDDMAs LOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIES COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY FIRE SERVICES
  • 34.
  • 35.
    1.1. The ‘NationalAuthority’ shall have the responsibility forThe ‘National Authority’ shall have the responsibility for laying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disasterlaying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disaster Management for ensuring Timely and EffectiveManagement for ensuring Timely and Effective Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made).Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made). 2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the Policy and Plans for Disaster Management.Policy and Plans for Disaster Management. 3.3. International Assistance and Cooperation.International Assistance and Cooperation. PlanPlan ApproveApprove CoordCoord MonitorMonitor EnsureEnsure ImplementationImplementation CHARTER
  • 36.
    “The National Visionis, to build a Safer and Disaster Resilient India, by developing a Holistic, Proactive, Multi-hazard and Technology-Driven Strategy for DM. This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt and efficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entire process will Centre-Stage the Community and will be provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective efforts of all Government Agencies and Non- Governmental Organisations. VISION
  • 38.
    NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENTAUTHORITY CHAIRMAN (PRIME MINISTER) VICE CHAIRMAN CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIES POLICIES, PREVENTION, MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MR. K.M. SINGH MEMBER Mr B BHATTACHARJEE MEMBER LT. GEN. JRB MEMBER MR. M.K. MEMBER MR. M. S. REDDY MEMBER MR. NVC MENON MEMBER SECRETARY NDMA CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Mrs. P.J RAO MEMBER
  • 39.
    DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING Financial Advisor International Cooperation Mitigation& Preparedness Policies & Plans Media & Public Preparedness PlansPolicies Accounts & Audits Finance Project Formulation & Preparedness Project Monitoring Media & Information Community Preparedness
  • 40.
    CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS& NEOC NEOC & CAPACITY BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS,SYS & KM Operations & Logistics Systems & KMCommunicationsCapacity Building Control Room Logistics Coordina tion Strategic Planning & Policy Scenario Building Operational Commns Logistics Network IT & Systems Knowledge Management & IDRN Network
  • 41.
  • 42.
    NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSEFORCE • NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster. • Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC. • NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters. • The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response. • It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations. • They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will be available to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays. • Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRF Battalions. • They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs. • NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in their respective locations.
  • 43.
    NDRF BNS –REGIONAL MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES (RMRCS) & TRAINING CENTRES NDRF BNs/ RMRCs TRAINING CENTRES APEX TRAINING CENTRE LEGEND CHANDIGARH GR. NOIDA ½ Bn Each GANDHINAGAR PUNE BHUBANESHWAR KOLKATA GUWAHATI PATNA (SSB) ½ Bn NAGPUR LATUR CHENNAI HYDERABAD
  • 44.
    CONSTITUTION OF SPECIALISEDSEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM Team Commander (Inspector) Tech. Support (6) Adm. Support Team (7) 2 IC/ Ops Officer (Sub Inspector) Team B (6) Team C (6) Team D (6) Dog Squad (3) Medical Support Team (3) Team A (6) Total – 45 Personnel
  • 45.
    CONSTITUTION OF SEARCHAND RESCUE TEAM FOR NBC EMERGENCIES Team Commander (Inspector) Information Officer (Sub Inspector) Safety Officer (Sub Inspector) Dy Team Leader (Sub Inspector) Tech. Support (4) Detection & Assessment Cum Evacuation Team (6) Rescue And Evacuation Team (6) Rescue and Evacuation Team (6) Deconta- mination Team (6) Medical Unit (6) Adm. Support Team (7) Total – 45 Personnel
  • 46.
    “For Development tobe Sustainable, Disaster Mitigation Must be Built Into The Planning Process”
  • 47.
    “EVERY DISASTER MUST BETREATED AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO BUILD BACK BETTER”
  • 48.
  • 49.
    HAZARDHAZARD A dangerous conditionor events that threaten or have the potential forA dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment.causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment. Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings:Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings: • Natural HazardsNatural Hazards (hazards with meteorological, geological or(hazards with meteorological, geological or biological origin)biological origin) • Unnatural HazardsUnnatural Hazards (hazards with human-caused or technological(hazards with human-caused or technological origin)origin) Natural phenomena are extremeNatural phenomena are extreme climatologicalclimatological,, hydrologicalhydrological, or, or geologicalgeological, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is a natural phenomenon,a natural phenomenon, not a hazard.not a hazard. But when these naturalBut when these natural phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause widephenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause wide spread damage. Then, they become hazardspread damage. Then, they become hazard
  • 50.
    VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY Vulnerability is definedasVulnerability is defined as "The extent to which a"The extent to which a community, structure, service, or geographic area iscommunity, structure, service, or geographic area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact oflikely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of particular hazard, on account ofparticular hazard, on account of their naturetheir nature,, constructionconstruction andand proximity to hazardous terrainproximity to hazardous terrain or aor a disaster prone areadisaster prone area.“.“ • Physical vulnerabilityPhysical vulnerability – weak buildings, bridges, service– weak buildings, bridges, service lines, lifeline structures, production units etc.lines, lifeline structures, production units etc. • Social & Economic vulnerabilitySocial & Economic vulnerability Human losses in disasters in developing countries areHuman losses in disasters in developing countries are seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.
  • 51.
    RISKRISK Risk is ameasure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries,Risk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, economic activity etc) due to aproperty, economic activity etc) due to a hazardhazard of aof a particularparticular magnitude or Intensitymagnitude or Intensity occurring in a given areaoccurring in a given area over a specific time period.over a specific time period. • Exposure:Exposure: the value and importance of the various types ofthe value and importance of the various types of structures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply,structures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply, communication network, transportation network etc in thecommunication network, transportation network etc in the community serving the population)community serving the population)
  • 52.
  • 53.
    LESSONS LEARNT –HURRICANE KATRINA “And any time you break that cycle of Preparing, Responding, Recovering and Mitigating, you are doomed to failure. And the policies and decision that were implemented by DHS put FEMA on a path to failure.” -Michael Brown,Director,FEMA General 1. The Foremost Lesson - all Facets of Disaster Cycle should be under one Agency and not split among Multi-facet Authorities. Mitigation & Preparedness 2. State’s Sovereignty be maintained in all Phases of Disaster Cycle. 3. Creating Culture of Preparedness at Community level. 4. Integrated Approach (of the Civil and Military efforts) for Preparedness. Coopt Armed Forces in Disaster Response Plan. 5. Removal of Red Tapism and Bureaucratic Approach. US National Response Plan is elaborate but Failed to Deliver. Need to Rewrite Rationale Response Plan to include, conduct of mock drills periodically, state-of-the-art system in supply chain management of relief supplies and inventory tracking.
  • 54.
    6. Training andEquipping of Central Response Force duly backed by trained teams from Armed Forces 7. Safe Houses . Identify shelters, for accommodating evacuees, both in Govt and Private Sector, during Emergencies. 8. Establishment of a Homeland Security University. On the lines of National Defence University, for General Awareness, Training and Research. 9. Use of Experts to find solutions to disaster related issues. Communications 10. Failure within the DHS and in Communicating Relevant Information to Public, for Early Warning, resulting in all available Federal Assets not being utilised. Need to develop a more Comprehensive Emergency Communication System, to ensure Survivability, Operability, Inter-Operability and Redundancy. Response 11. Disaster Response Group at Central level to resolve disagreements on Employment of Resources. This Group should also act as Single Window Assistance Access for public. 12. Security of Assets by employing Local Law Enforcing Force for Law and Order.
  • 55.
    13. Coordination, between: (a)Search & Rescue and Medical Teams. (b) State and Central Response Teams (c) Local (Distt), State and Central Response Teams, to have inter-operable Communication Network. (d) At State level, Volunteer Coordinators in` State Emergency Operation Centre, for coordinating Volunteer Efforts, like Debris Clearance, etc. (e) Integrated Command at field level – local Response Units (National Guards) and Active Duty Forces (ex Armed Forces) to work in tandem. Mobile Command Field Centre near disaster site (not 80 km away in Baton Rouge like during Katrina). 14. Need for National Emergency Operation Centre at DHS. DHS to have a National Emergency Operations Centre, in addition to White House Situation Room, regardless of whether President & the Secretary DHS are in same place, to maintain flow of information from one agency. 15. Integrated Response. Civil and military assets to be combined and employed as one resource and NOT in a graduated manner.
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    STRATEGIES FOR DISASTERMANAGEMENT 1. Change of Focus from Relief Centric to Holistic Approach. 2. Mainstreaming Disaster Management into all National Developmental Programmes. 3. Empowerment of the Community to face the Disaster. 4. Emphasis on Training, Development of Human Capital and Capacity Building. 5. Key Role of Educational and Professional Institutions for Mass Education and Awareness. 6. Upgradation of the Key Responders.
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    STRATEGIES FOR DISASTERMANAGEMENT 7. Supporting and Enabling Mechanisms for the Districts and States. 8. Failsafe Early Warning & Communication Systems. 9. Coordinated, Timely and Effective Response. 10. Involvement of NGOs & Corporate Sectors. 11. Time Bound Action Plan for Earthquakes, Floods & Cyclones. 12. Pro-active Participation at the Regional and International Level.
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    1.1. Concerned Memberof Authority.Concerned Member of Authority. 2.2. Concerned Ministry – Representative.Concerned Ministry – Representative. 3.3. Lead/Nodal Organisations/Departments -Lead/Nodal Organisations/Departments - Representatives.Representatives. 4.4. Project TeamProject Team ((When Study ordered on theWhen Study ordered on the SubjectSubject).). 5.5. Advisors/Experts.Advisors/Experts. 6.6. Leading National (Academic – IITs) Institutions.Leading National (Academic – IITs) Institutions. Secretarial SupportSecretarial Support 7.7. Additional Secretary.Additional Secretary. 8.8. Joint Secretary Planning.Joint Secretary Planning. 9.9. DDG Strategic Planning.DDG Strategic Planning. POLICY FORMULATIONPOLICY FORMULATION TEAM COMPOSTIONTEAM COMPOSTION