The document discusses diodes, their structure and types. A diode is a semiconductor device that allows current to flow in only one direction. It is made by joining a p-type and n-type semiconductor. There are four main types of diodes: p-n junction diode, LED diode, photo diode, and Zener diode. Diodes have applications in rectifying AC to DC voltages, isolating signals, voltage referencing, controlling signal size, mixing signals, detection, lighting, and lasers.

1. Diode, Types & its Application
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. SANDEEP SUNORI
SUBMITTED BY:
SURAJ BORA
B.TECH (C.S.E)

2. Introduction: Diode
• The diode is the simplest and most
fundamental non-linear circuit element
• Like a resistor, it has two terminals
• Unlike a resistor, it has a non-linear current-
voltage characteristics.
• Its use in rectifiers is the most common
application.

3. Physical structure of diode
anode→ ←cathode
• Diodes are formed by joining P-Type and N-
Type Semi Conductor.
P-TYPE
Silicon
N-TYPE
Silicon

4. • Diode is an electric device which allow current
to flow only in one direction.
• The voltage applied to the semi conductor diode
is referred to as bias voltage.
There are two types of bias voltage:
1. Forward biased
2. Reversed biased
P N

5. Forward Biased
• +ve terminal of battery connected with p-type
• -ve terminal of battery connected with n-type.
• Maximum current flow through the diode during
forward biasing.
• The D.R is small in reverse biased p-n junction

6. Reversed biased
• +ve terminal of battery connected with n-type
• -ve terminal of battery connected with p-type.
• Extremely small current flow through the diode
during reverse biasing.
• The D.R is large in forward biased p-n junction

7. Types of diode
1. P-n junction diode
2. LED diode
3. Photo diode
4. Zener diode

8. 1. A diode (one way valve) is a PN junction with p-type
on one side and n-type on the other. When a +ve
voltage is applied to the p-type side (forward bias), it
shrinks and overcomes the depletion zone, causing
the current to flow from the p-type to the n-type
side.
2. A light-emitting diode (LED) are made of two-lead
semiconductor light source. (Gallium arsenide ,Gallium
arsenide phosphide)
It is a p–n junction diode, which emits light when
activate.

9. 3. A photodiode is a semiconductor device that
converts light into current. A small amount of
current is also produced when no light is
present.
4. A Zener diode is a diode which allows current
to flow in the forward direction in the same
manner as an ideal diode, but also permits it
to flow in the reverse direction when the
voltage is above a certain value known as the
breakdown voltage

10. Application of diode
• Rectifying a voltage, such as turning AC into DC
voltages
• Isolating signals from a supply
• Voltage Reference
• Controlling the size of a signal
• Mixing signals
• Detection signals
• Lighting
• Lasers diodes

11. REFERNCES
• https://www.lifewire.com/applications-of-
diodes-818815
• https://www.electrical4u.com/diode-
working-principle-and-types-of-diode/