Semiconductors are materials with electrical properties between conductors and insulators. Doping semiconductors with impurities creates either excess electrons (N-type) or holes (P-type). Diodes are formed by joining a P-type and N-type semiconductor, creating a PN junction. Current flows easily through the diode in one direction under forward bias but is blocked under reverse bias, allowing rectification of alternating current into direct current.
Introduction
Semiconductor is a solid substance that has conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.
Examples: Silicon, Germanium, Carbon
Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductor
Semiconductors are mainly classified into two categories: Intrinsic and Extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor material is chemically very pure and possesses poor conductivity. It has equal numbers of negative carriers (electrons) and positive carriers (holes). Where as an extrinsic semiconductor is an improved intrinsic semiconductor with a small amount of impurities added.
The Doping of Semiconductors
The addition of a small percentage of foreign atoms in the regular crystal lattice of silicon or germanium produces dramatic changes in their electrical properties, producing n-type and p-type semiconductors.
Pentavalent impurities
Impurity atoms with 5 valence electrons produce n-type semiconductors by contributing extra electrons.
Trivalent impurities
Impurity atoms with 3 valence electrons produce p-type semiconductors by producing a "hole" or electron deficiency.
N-Type Semiconductor
The addition of pentavalent impurities such as antimony, arsenic or phosphorous contributes free electrons, greatly increasing the conductivity of the intrinsic semiconductor. Phosphorous may be added by diffusion of phosphine gas (PH3).
P-Type Semiconductor
The addition of trivalent impurities such as boron, aluminum or gallium to an intrinsic semiconductor creates deficiencies of valence electrons,called "holes". It is typical to use B2H6 diborane gas to diffuse boron into the silicon material.
Diodes
A device that blocks current in one direction while letting current flow in another direction is called a diode. Diodes can be used in a number of ways. For example, a device that uses batteries often contains a diode that protects the device if you insert the batteries backward. The diode simply blocks any current from leaving the battery if it is reversed -- this protects the sensitive electronics in the device.
Semiconductor materials and pn junction by sarmad balochSarmad Baloch
Semiconductor materials and pn junction by sarmad baloch
I AM SARMAD KHOSA
BSIT (5TH A)
(ISP)
FACEBOOK PAGLE::
https://www.facebook.com/LAUGHINGHLAUGHTER/
YOUTUBE CHANNEL:::
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUjaIeS-DHI9xv-ZnBpx2hQ
Introduction
Semiconductor is a solid substance that has conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.
Examples: Silicon, Germanium, Carbon
Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductor
Semiconductors are mainly classified into two categories: Intrinsic and Extrinsic. An intrinsic semiconductor material is chemically very pure and possesses poor conductivity. It has equal numbers of negative carriers (electrons) and positive carriers (holes). Where as an extrinsic semiconductor is an improved intrinsic semiconductor with a small amount of impurities added.
The Doping of Semiconductors
The addition of a small percentage of foreign atoms in the regular crystal lattice of silicon or germanium produces dramatic changes in their electrical properties, producing n-type and p-type semiconductors.
Pentavalent impurities
Impurity atoms with 5 valence electrons produce n-type semiconductors by contributing extra electrons.
Trivalent impurities
Impurity atoms with 3 valence electrons produce p-type semiconductors by producing a "hole" or electron deficiency.
N-Type Semiconductor
The addition of pentavalent impurities such as antimony, arsenic or phosphorous contributes free electrons, greatly increasing the conductivity of the intrinsic semiconductor. Phosphorous may be added by diffusion of phosphine gas (PH3).
P-Type Semiconductor
The addition of trivalent impurities such as boron, aluminum or gallium to an intrinsic semiconductor creates deficiencies of valence electrons,called "holes". It is typical to use B2H6 diborane gas to diffuse boron into the silicon material.
Diodes
A device that blocks current in one direction while letting current flow in another direction is called a diode. Diodes can be used in a number of ways. For example, a device that uses batteries often contains a diode that protects the device if you insert the batteries backward. The diode simply blocks any current from leaving the battery if it is reversed -- this protects the sensitive electronics in the device.
Semiconductor materials and pn junction by sarmad balochSarmad Baloch
Semiconductor materials and pn junction by sarmad baloch
I AM SARMAD KHOSA
BSIT (5TH A)
(ISP)
FACEBOOK PAGLE::
https://www.facebook.com/LAUGHINGHLAUGHTER/
YOUTUBE CHANNEL:::
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUjaIeS-DHI9xv-ZnBpx2hQ
This ppt is about semiconductor diodes.You can get every basic information about PN junction diode and its working and some more information about the semiconductors.
Pn junction diode by sarmad baloch
I AM SARMAD KHOSA
BSIT (5TH A)
(ISP)
FACEBOOK PAGLE::
https://www.facebook.com/LAUGHINGHLAUGHTER/
YOUTUBE CHANNEL:::
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUjaIeS-DHI9xv-ZnBpx2hQ
This ppt is about semiconductor diodes.You can get every basic information about PN junction diode and its working and some more information about the semiconductors.
Pn junction diode by sarmad baloch
I AM SARMAD KHOSA
BSIT (5TH A)
(ISP)
FACEBOOK PAGLE::
https://www.facebook.com/LAUGHINGHLAUGHTER/
YOUTUBE CHANNEL:::
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCUjaIeS-DHI9xv-ZnBpx2hQ
Patrick Henry is at a great position in Entropic Communication As CEO. This company founded in 2001. Entropic Communications is a provider of semiconductor solutions for the connected home.
In this PPT we will study about the Transistor , symbol of transistor , types of transistor, operation of transistor , configurations of transistor, advantages of transistor and limitations of transistor.
#physicspptclub #In this video we will study about the Transistor , symbol of transistor , types of transistor, operation of transistor , configurations of transistor, advantages of transistor and limitations of transistor.
#physicspptclub #physicsexperiments #solid state #magnetism #magneticmaterial #presentation #education #physicsfacts #scienceexperiment #presentation #education #physicsfacts #scienceexperiment #quantum #presentation #quantumphysics #bsc #msc #btech #diodecircuits #pnjunctiondiode #physicsfacts #characteristics #education #transistor #pnptransistor #npntransistor #solid state #magnetism #magneticmaterial #presentation #education #physicsfacts #scienceexperiment #presentation #education #physicsfacts #scienceexperiment #quantum #presentation #quantumphysics #bsc #msc #btech #diodecircuits #pnjunctiondiode #physicsfacts #characteristicsis #education #transistor #pnptransistor #npntransistor
Introduction to Semiconductor Devices.
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Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
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Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
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Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
2. Overview
Semiconductors
What are P-type and N-type semiconductors??
What are Diodes?
Forward Bias & Reverse Bias
Characteristics Of Ideal Diode
I – V Characteristics of Diodes
Rectification
4. Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductor
Semiconductors that are free of doping impurities
are called intrinsic semiconductors.
Semiconductors formed after adding impurities are
called extrinsic semiconductors.
5. Doping is a process of adding a
certain amount of specific impurities
called dopants to a pure
semiconductor to increase its
electricity conductivity.
DOPING PROCESS
6. What are P-type and N-type ?
Semiconductors are classified in to P-type and
N-type semiconductor
P-type: A P-type material is one in which
holes are majority carriers i.e. they are
positively charged materials (++++)
N-type: A N-type material is one in which
electrons are majority charge carriers i.e. they
are negatively charged materials (-----)
7. Diodes
Electronic devices created by bringing
together a p-type and n-type region within the
same semiconductor lattice. Used for
rectifiers, LED etc
8. Diodes
It is represented by the following symbol,
where the arrow indicates the direction of
positive current flow.
9. What is the p-n junction?
• A p-n junction is formed when a n-type and p-type
semiconductors are joined together.
• The boundary between the p-type and n-type
regions is called the junction.
• At the p-n junction, electrons from the n-side move
to the p-side and recombine with the holes.
• Holes from the p-side similarly move into the n-
side, where they recombine with electrons.
• As a result of this flow, the n-side has a net positive
charge, and the p-side has a net negative charge.
10. • The region around the junction is left with neither
holes nor free electrons.
• This neutral region which has no charge carriers is
called the depletion layer.
• This layer which has no charge carrier is a poor
conductor of electricity.
What is Depletion region?
11. Forward Bias and Reverse Bias
Forward Bias : Connect positive of the Diode
to positive of supply…negative of Diode to
negative of supply
Reverse Bias: Connect positive of the Diode
to negative of supply…negative of diode to
positive of supply.
12. Characteristics of Diode
Diode always conducts in one direction.
Diodes always conduct current when
“Forward Biased” ( Zero resistance)
Diodes do not conduct when Reverse Biased
(Infinite resistance)
15. Rectification
Converting ac to dc is accomplished by the
process of rectification.
Two processes are used:
Half-wave rectification;
Full-wave rectification.
16. Half-wave Rectification
Simplest process used
to convert ac to dc.
A diode is used to clip
the input signal
excursions of one
polarity to zero.
17. Full-wave rectification by using four diodes
Input
ac current
A circuit that provides an entirely positive or
negative output voltage when an AC input
voltage is applied. A full wave rectifier
provides an output for both the positive and
negative alternations of the input voltage.