Ijcatr03051008Implementation of Matrix based Mapping Method Using Elliptic Cu...Editor IJCATR
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) gained a lot of attention in industry. The key attraction of ECC over RSA is that it
offers equal security even for smaller bit size, thus reducing the processing complexity. ECC Encryption and Decryption methods can
only perform encrypt and decrypt operations on the curve but not on the message. This paper presents a fast mapping method based on
matrix approach for ECC, which offers high security for the encrypted message. First, the alphabetic message is mapped on to the
points on an elliptic curve. Later encode those points using Elgamal encryption method with the use of a non-singular matrix. And the
encoded message can be decrypted by Elgamal decryption technique and to get back the original message, the matrix obtained from
decoding is multiplied with the inverse of non-singular matrix. The coding is done using Verilog. The design is simulated and
synthesized using FPGA.
Ijcatr03051008Implementation of Matrix based Mapping Method Using Elliptic Cu...Editor IJCATR
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) gained a lot of attention in industry. The key attraction of ECC over RSA is that it
offers equal security even for smaller bit size, thus reducing the processing complexity. ECC Encryption and Decryption methods can
only perform encrypt and decrypt operations on the curve but not on the message. This paper presents a fast mapping method based on
matrix approach for ECC, which offers high security for the encrypted message. First, the alphabetic message is mapped on to the
points on an elliptic curve. Later encode those points using Elgamal encryption method with the use of a non-singular matrix. And the
encoded message can be decrypted by Elgamal decryption technique and to get back the original message, the matrix obtained from
decoding is multiplied with the inverse of non-singular matrix. The coding is done using Verilog. The design is simulated and
synthesized using FPGA.
Attributed Graph Matching of Planar GraphsRaül Arlàndez
Many fields such as computer vision, scene analysis, chemistry and molecular biology have
applications in which images have to be processed and some regions have to be searched for
and identified. When this processing is to be performed by a computer automatically without
the assistance of a human expert, a useful way of representing the knowledge is by using
attributed graphs. Attributed graphs have been proved as an effective way of representing
objects. When using graphs to represent objects or images, vertices usually represent regions
(or features) of the object or images, and edges between them represent the relations
between regions. Nonetheless planar graphs are graphs which can be drawn in the plane
without intersecting any edge between them. Most applications use planar graphs to
represent an image.
Graph matching (with attributes or not) represents an NP-complete problem, nevertheless
when we use planar graphs without attributes we can solve this problem in polynomial time
[1]. No algorithms have been presented that solve the attributed graph-matching problem and
use the planar-graphs properties. In this master thesis, we research about Attributed-Planar-
Graph matching. The aim is to find a fast algorithm through studying in depth the properties
and restrictions imposed by planar graphs.
Planar graph( Algorithm and Application )Abdullah Moin
A graph is said to be planar if it can be drawn in a plane so that no edge cross. Example: The graph shown in fig is a planar graph. Region of a Graph: Consider a planar graph G=(V, E). A region is defined to be an area of the plane that is bounded by edges and cannot be further subdivided.
Title
Planar Graph Application and Algorithms.
Abstract
A Planar graph is two dimension graph. By using Planar graph visually representing network, software, design of chip and many more applications. In this report there will be discussion about non planar graph, how to convert non planar graph to planar graph and explain related theorems(Kuratowski’s theorem, Euler’s theorem).This report also contain an example of The House-and-utility problem which part of corollaries and discussion about Petersen graph. There will be a discussion about planarity test and determine a graph is planar or not. The aim of this report represent the basic knowledge of planar graph and provide a view on this particular topic.
Directed Acyclic Graph Representation of basic blocks is the most important topic of compiler design.This will help for student studying in master degree in computer science.
Attributed Graph Matching of Planar GraphsRaül Arlàndez
Many fields such as computer vision, scene analysis, chemistry and molecular biology have
applications in which images have to be processed and some regions have to be searched for
and identified. When this processing is to be performed by a computer automatically without
the assistance of a human expert, a useful way of representing the knowledge is by using
attributed graphs. Attributed graphs have been proved as an effective way of representing
objects. When using graphs to represent objects or images, vertices usually represent regions
(or features) of the object or images, and edges between them represent the relations
between regions. Nonetheless planar graphs are graphs which can be drawn in the plane
without intersecting any edge between them. Most applications use planar graphs to
represent an image.
Graph matching (with attributes or not) represents an NP-complete problem, nevertheless
when we use planar graphs without attributes we can solve this problem in polynomial time
[1]. No algorithms have been presented that solve the attributed graph-matching problem and
use the planar-graphs properties. In this master thesis, we research about Attributed-Planar-
Graph matching. The aim is to find a fast algorithm through studying in depth the properties
and restrictions imposed by planar graphs.
Planar graph( Algorithm and Application )Abdullah Moin
A graph is said to be planar if it can be drawn in a plane so that no edge cross. Example: The graph shown in fig is a planar graph. Region of a Graph: Consider a planar graph G=(V, E). A region is defined to be an area of the plane that is bounded by edges and cannot be further subdivided.
Title
Planar Graph Application and Algorithms.
Abstract
A Planar graph is two dimension graph. By using Planar graph visually representing network, software, design of chip and many more applications. In this report there will be discussion about non planar graph, how to convert non planar graph to planar graph and explain related theorems(Kuratowski’s theorem, Euler’s theorem).This report also contain an example of The House-and-utility problem which part of corollaries and discussion about Petersen graph. There will be a discussion about planarity test and determine a graph is planar or not. The aim of this report represent the basic knowledge of planar graph and provide a view on this particular topic.
Directed Acyclic Graph Representation of basic blocks is the most important topic of compiler design.This will help for student studying in master degree in computer science.
The following presentation is a part of the level 4 module -- Digital Logic and Signal Principles. This resources is a part of the 2009/2010 Engineering (foundation degree, BEng and HN) courses from University of Wales Newport (course codes H101, H691, H620, HH37 and 001H). This resource is a part of the core modules for the full time 1st year undergraduate programme.
The BEng & Foundation Degrees and HNC/D in Engineering are designed to meet the needs of employers by placing the emphasis on the theoretical, practical and vocational aspects of engineering within the workplace and beyond. Engineering is becoming more high profile, and therefore more in demand as a skill set, in today’s high-tech world. This course has been designed to provide you with knowledge, skills and practical experience encountered in everyday engineering environments.
this presentation is made for the students who finds data structures a complex subject
this will help students to grab the various topics of data structures with simple presentation techniques
best regards
BCA group
(pooja,shaifali,richa,trishla,rani,pallavi,shivani)
Letters can be personal or formal.
Formal Letters are business letters and constitute business thank you letter,sales letter,order letter,application letter,etc.
Birthday letter,Sorry letter,etc are Personal Letters .
Powerpoint Search Engine has collection of slides related to specific topics. Write the required keyword in the search box and it fetches you the related results.
Logic gates, Karnaugh Maps, Sum of product, Product of sums, NAND implementation, NOR implementation, OR and INVERT implementation. Don't care condition. Logic minimization, And or invert implementation.
This topic introduces the numbering systems: decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. The topic covers the conversion between numbering systems, binary arithmetic, one's complement, two's complement, signed number and coding system. This topic also covers the digital logic components.
K map or karnaugh's map is a very important topic when studying boolean algebra.
Here is my powerpoint presentation to explain it in the easiest manner.Also I have added a question for your understanding.For the solution please write me up in the comment box.
FYBSC IT Digital Electronics Unit II Chapter II Minterm, Maxterm and Karnaugh...Arti Parab Academics
Minterm, Maxterm and Karnaugh Maps:
Introduction, minterms and sum of minterm form, maxterm and Product
of maxterm form, Reduction technique using Karnaugh maps –
2/3/4/5/6 variable K-maps, Grouping of variables in K-maps, K-maps
for product of sum form, minimize Boolean expression using K-map
and obtain K-map from Boolean expression, Quine Mc Cluskey
Method.
Second or fourth-order finite difference operators, which one is most effective?Premier Publishers
This paper presents higher-order finite difference (FD) formulas for the spatial approximation of the time-dependent reaction-diffusion problems with a clear justification through examples, “why fourth-order FD formula is preferred to its second-order counterpart” that has been widely used in literature. As a consequence, methods for the solution of initial and boundary value PDEs, such as the method of lines (MOL), is of broad interest in science and engineering. This procedure begins with discretizing the spatial derivatives in the PDE with algebraic approximations. The key idea of MOL is to replace the spatial derivatives in the PDE with the algebraic approximations. Once this procedure is done, the spatial derivatives are no longer stated explicitly in terms of the spatial independent variables. In other words, only one independent variable is remaining, the resulting semi-discrete problem has now become a system of coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in time. Thus, we can apply any integration algorithm for the initial value ODEs to compute an approximate numerical solution to the PDE. Analysis of the basic properties of these schemes such as the order of accuracy, convergence, consistency, stability and symmetry are well examined.
Adaptive Map for Simplifying Boolean Expressions IJCSES Journal
The complexity of implementing the Boolean functions by digital logic gates is directly related to the complexity of the Boolean algebraic expression. Although the truth table is used to represent a function, when it is expressed algebraically it appeared in many different, but equivalent, forms. Boolean expressions may be simplified by Boolean algebra. However, this procedure of minimization is awkward because it lacks specific rules to predict each succeeding step in the manipulative process. Other methods like Map methods (Karnaugh map (K-map), and map Entered Variables) are useful to implement the Boolean expression with minimal prime implicants. Or the Boolean function can be represents and design by used type N’s Multiplexers by partitioned variable(s) from the function. An adaptive map is a combined method of Boolean algebra and K-map to reduce and minimize Boolean functions involving more than three Boolean variables.
ADAPTIVE MAP FOR SIMPLIFYING BOOLEAN EXPRESSIONSijcses
The complexity of implementing the Boolean functions by digital logic gates is directly related to the
complexity of the Boolean algebraic expression. Although the truth table is used to represent a function,
when it is expressed algebraically it appeared in many different, but equivalent, forms. Boolean expressions
may be simplified by Boolean algebra. However, this procedure of minimization is awkward because it
lacks specific rules to predict each succeeding step in the manipulative process. Other methods like Map
methods (Karnaugh map (K-map), and map Entered Variables) are useful to implement the Boolean
expression with minimal prime implicants. Or the Boolean function can be represents and design by used
type N’s Multiplexers by partitioned variable(s) from the function. An adaptive map is a combined method
of Boolean algebra and K-map to reduce and minimize Boolean functions involving more than three
Boolean variables
QUESTION 11. Find the vertices and locate the foci for the hyper.docxmakdul
QUESTION 1
1. Find the vertices and locate the foci for the hyperbola whose equation is given.
81y2 - 64x2 = 5184
vertices: (-8, 0), (8, 0)
foci: (-, 0), (, 0)
vertices: (0, -8), (0, 8)
foci: (0, -), (0, )
vertices: (0, -9), (0, 9)
foci: (0, -), (0, )
vertices: (-9, 0), (9, 0)
foci: (-, 0), (, 0)
4 points
QUESTION 2
1. Find the vertices and locate the foci for the hyperbola whose equation is given.
49x2 - 16y2 = 784
vertices: (-4, 0), (4, 0)
foci: (-, 0), (, 0)
vertices: (0, -4), (0, 4)
foci: (0, -), (0, )
vertices: (-4, 0), (4, 0)
foci: (-, 0), (, 0)
vertices: (-7, 0), (7, 0)
foci: (-, 0), (, 0)
4 points
QUESTION 3
1. Find the standard form of the equation of the hyperbola satisfying the given conditions.
Center: (6, 5); Focus: (3, 5); Vertex: (5, 5)
- (y - 6)2 = 1
- (y - 5)2 = 1
(x - 5)2 - = 1
(x - 6)2 - = 1
4 points
QUESTION 4
1. Solve the problem.
An experimental model for a suspension bridge is built. In one section, cable runs from the top of one tower down to the roadway, just touching it there, and up again to the top of a second tower. The towers are both 6.25 inches tall and stand 50 inches apart. At some point along the road from the lowest point of the cable, the cable is 1 inches above the roadway. Find the distance between that point and the base of the nearest tower.
10.2 in.
15 in.
9.8 in.
15.2 in.
4 points
QUESTION 5
1. Solve the problem.
An experimental model for a suspension bridge is built. In one section, cable runs from the top of one tower down to the roadway, just touching it there, and up again to the top of a second tower. The towers stand 40 inches apart. At a point between the towers and 10 inches along the road from the base of one tower, the cable is 1 inches above the roadway. Find the height of the towers.
4 in.
4.5 in.
6 in.
3.5 in.
4 points
QUESTION 6
1. Find the standard form of the equation of the ellipse satisfying the given conditions.
Major axis vertical with length 16; length of minor axis = 6; center (0, 0)
+ = 1
+ = 1
+ = 1
+ = 1
4 points
QUESTION 7
1. Identify the equation as a parabola, circle, ellipse, or hyperbola.
12y = 3(x + 8)2
Circle
Hyperbola
Parabola
Ellipse
4 points
QUESTION 8
1. Find the vertices and locate the foci for the hyperbola whose equation is given.
y = ±
vertices: (0, -2), (0, 2)
foci: (0, -2), (0, 2)
vertices: (-2, 0), (2, 0)
foci: (-2, 0), (2, 0)
vertices: (-12, 0), (12, 0)
foci: (-2, 0), (2, 0)
vertices: (-12, 0), (12, 0)
foci: (-2, 0), (2, 0)
4 points
QUESTION 9
1. Find the standard form of the equation of the ellipse satisfying the given conditions.
Foci: (0, -2), (0, 2); y-intercepts: -3 and 3
+ = 1
+ = 1
+ = 1
+ = 1
4 points
QUESTION 10
1. Find the standard form of the equation of the parabola using the information given.
Vertex: (4, -7); Focus: (3, -7)
(y + 7)2 = -4(x - 4)
(x + 4)2 = -16(y - 7)
(x + 4)2 = 16(y - 7)
(y + 7)2 = 4(x - 4) ...
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
Digital Logic Design-Lecture 5
1. Digital Logic Design
Simplifying Logic Circuit
Samia Sultana
Lecturer
Dept. of Computer Science & Eng.
Varendra University, Bangladesh
Reference book: Digital Systems by Ronald
J. Tocci, Neal, Moss
2. 4-1 Sum-of-Products Form
A Sum-of-products (SOP) expression will appear as two or more AND terms
ORed together.
3. 4-1 Sum-of-Products Form
The product-of-sums (POS) form consists of two or
more OR terms (sums) ANDed together.
4. 4-2 Simplifying Logic Circuits
The circuits shown provide the same output
Circuit (b) is clearly less complex.
Logic circuits can be simplified using
Boolean algebra and Karnaugh mapping.
5. 4-3 Algebraic Simplification
Place the expression in SOP form by applying DeMorgan’s theorems and
multiplying terms.
Check the SOP form for common factors.
Factoring where possible should eliminate one
or more terms.
6. 4-3 Algebraic Simplification
Simplify the logic circuit shown.
The first step is to determine the expression for the output: z = ABC + AB • (A C)
Once the expression
is determined, break
down large inverter
signs by DeMorgan’s
theorems & multiply
out all terms.
7. 4-3 Algebraic Simplification
Simplify the logic circuit shown.
Factoring—the first & third terms above have
AC in common, which can be factored out:
Since B + B = 1, then…
Factor out A, which results in…
9. 4-5 Karnaugh Map Method
A graphical method of simplifying logic equations or truth tables—also called
a K map.
Theoretically can be used for any number of input variables—practically
limited to 5 or 6 variables.
The truth table values are placed in the K map.
Shown here is a two-variable map.
10. 4-5 Karnaugh Map Method
Four-variable K-Map.
Adjacent K map square differ in only one
variable both horizontally and vertically.
A SOP expression can be obtained by
ORing all squares that contain a 1.
11. 4-5 Karnaugh Map Method
Looping 1s in adjacent groups of 2, 4, or 8
will result in further simplification.
Looping groups of 2 (Pairs)
Groups of 4
(Quads)
Groups of 8
(Octets)
12. 4-5 Karnaugh Map Method
When the largest possible groups have been looped,
only the common terms are placed
in the final expression.
Looping may also be wrapped between top, bottom, and
sides.
13. 4-5 Karnaugh Map Method Complete K map simplification process:
Construct the K map, place 1s as indicated in the truth table.
Loop 1s that are not adjacent to any other 1s.
Loop 1s that are in pairs.
Loop 1s in octets even if they have already been looped.
Loop quads that have one or more 1s not already looped.
Loop any pairs necessary to include 1st not already looped.
Form the OR sum of terms generated by each loop.
When a variable appears in both complemented and
uncomplemented form within a loop, that variable
is eliminated from the expression.
Variables that are the same for all squares of
the loop must appear in the final expression.