The document lists various ocular diseases and conditions organized under different subheadings, including: - Posterior segment diseases like age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and uveitis. - Inherited retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, Leber's congenital amaurosis, Usher's syndrome, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and Stargardt disease. - Posterior segment abnormalities associated with systemic diseases like hypertension, sickle cell anemia, sarcoidosis, and Behcet's disease.

1. Dr. k. Vasantha M.S., F.R.C.S.,
Director RIO Chennai (Rtd)

2.  Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
 Pigment epithelial detachment
 Optic disc pit
 Peripheral choroidal tumour
 Retinal detachment in the periphery should
always be looked for
 Age related macular degeneration
 Choroidal inflammation

3.  Batten’s disease
 Benign concentric anular macular dystrophy
 Bardet Biedl syndrome
 Macular cone rod dystrophy
 Drug toxicity - chloroquin

4.  Retinal vein occlusion
 Ocular ischemic syndrome
 Hypertensive retinopathy
 Radiation retinopathy
 Leukemia, anemia
 HIV microangiopathy
 Eales’ disease

5.  Central retinal vein thrombosis with new
vessels
 Sickle cell retinopathy
 Ocular ischemic syndrome
 Sarcoidosis
 Eales’ disease
 Embolization from IV drug use

6.  Hypertensive retinopathy
 Retinal vein occlusion – ischemia with
increased triglycerides can cause hard
exudates
 Papilledema
 Inflammation – of choroid, sclera
 Toxoplasmosis, syphilis

7.  Posterior scleritis
 Vasculitis
 Idiopathic
 Any chronic inflammation

8.  Diabetic retinopathy
 Vein occlusion
 Hyper viscocity syndromes, anemia,
leukemia
 Hypertension
 Ocular ischemia due to carotid occlusion,
Eales’, sickle cell anemia
 Macro aneurysm

9.  Inflammations – Behcet’s disease
 Trauma
 Infections – HIV
 Shaken baby syndrome
 Sub retinal – valsalva retinopathy,
lacquer cracks associated in myopia,
choroidal neovascularisation

10.  Diabetic retinopathy
 CRVO
 Sickle cell anemia
 Carotid occlusion
 Retinopathy of prematurity
 Eales’, Norrie’s,

11.  Radiation retinopathy
 Inflammations like uveitis, parsplanitis
 Talc emboli
 Chronic retinal detachment
 Rarely CRAO and BRVO

12.  Polycythemia, Leukemia
 Dysproteinemias
 Sickle cell disease
 Hyper viscocity syndromes
 Racemose angioma
 CRVO – veins will be affected
 Congenital

13.  Age related macular degeneration
 Post inflammation
 Myopia
 Choroidal rupture
 Angioid streaks
 Laser applications

14.  AION- no peripheral bleedings, altitudinal
defect
 Papilledema- no decrease in vision
 Diabetes, hyper viscosity syndromes-
bilateral
 Ocular ischemia- dot and blot hemorrhages,
no edema of disc, decrease in the central
retinal artery perfusion pressure

15.  Age related macular degeneration – no
collaterals
 If collaterals are present- meningioma- no
macular scar
 Micro aneurysms – diabetic retinopathy
 Macro aneurysm- in CRVO this from capillary
 Collateral may be mistaken for new vessel-
close to the disc, large caliber and do not
leak

16. Uniocular
 Atypical RP
 Intra ocular iron foreign body
 Syphilis
 Ocular ischemia

17.  Enhanced S cone syndrome- nummular
pigment deposits with night blindness
 Goldmann- Favre syndrome
 Choroideremia
 Gyrate atrophy of retina and choroid
 Juvenile X linked retinoschisis

18.  Hereditary abetalipoproteinemia
 Refsum’s
 Friedreich like ataxia
 Usher’s
 Laurence Moon Bardet Biedl syndrome
 Congenital amaurosis of Leber

19.  Retinitis punctata albescens
 Progressive cone rod degeneration
 Kearne Sayre syndrome
 Cerebro retinal degeneration
 Olivo pontine cerebellar atrophy
 Alstrom’s disease
 Cockayne’s syndrome

20.  Fundus albipunctatus
 Congenital stationary night blindness
 Cutaneous malignant melanoma
 Oguchi’s

21.  Macular hemorrhage
 Epiretinal membrane with pseudo hole
 Central serous retinopathy
 Cystoid macular edema
 Fuchs’ spot
 Solar retinopathy
 Central drusen with sub retinal fluid