This document discusses two retinal vascular disorders: central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). CRAO occurs when the central retinal artery is obstructed, typically by an embolism, and results in sudden painless vision loss. It affects the retina unilaterally. CRVO is caused by obstruction of the central retinal vein and leads to retinal edema, hemorrhages, and vision loss or impairment. It can be non-ischemic or ischemic. Risk factors for both conditions include atherosclerosis, embolism, giant cell arteritis, and increased intraocular pressure.

1. Harshali Vijay Mestri
2nd Year
B-optometry
ITM-IHS

2. #Central Retinal Artery Occlusion{CRAO}#
It occurs due to obstruction at the level of Lamina
cribrosa.
Clinically Retinal Artery Occlusion may present as
Central Retinal Artery occlusion (60%).
It is more common in males than females.
It is usually unilateral but rarely may be bilateral(1
to 2%cases).

4. Definitions: Vascular disorder of retina resulting in
sudden painless loss of vision with antecedent
transient visual loss.
Types:
1.Cenral retinal artery occlusion
2.Branch retinal artery occlusion

5. 1.Thrombosis due to atherosclerosis
2.Embolism
3.Raised intra ocular pressure
4.Giant Cell Arteritis
5.Angiospasm- Retinal Migraine

6. Patients complains of sudden
painless loss of vision occurring
over seconds.
Patients may give history of
transient visual loss in (amaurosis
fugax) the past

7. Visual Acuity severely reduced between
counting finger and light perception.
Direct pupillary light reflex- absent.
Fundus Examination- whitish appearance of
retina. Thin retinal arteries, segmented blood
column in retinal vessels.
Cherry red spot at macula , pale appearance of
optic disc

8. Intraocular pressure lowered immediately by
anterior chamber paracentasis or I.V.
Acetazolamide.
Inhaled oxygen and carbon dioxide mixture to
improve oxygen delivery to retina.
Thrombolytic therapy.

9. Definition : It’s a common vascular disorder
characterized by retinal vein occlusion resulting in
edema and hemorrhages on retina in the affected
region with potential blinding complications.
Types :
1. Central retinal vein occlusion
2. Branch retinal vein occlusion

11. CRVO is an end vein, its occlusion leads to
complete defective of vision in the morning.
These typically affect elderly patients in sixth or
seventh decade of life.
It may be Non-ischemic CRVO (venous stasis
retinopathy) or Ischemic CRVO (haemorrhagic
retinopathy).

13. Age of age above 30 years.
Systemic diseases like
hyperlipidemia, diabetes, chronic
renal failure.
Chronic open angle glaucoma.

14. Non ischemic CRVO is the most
common clinical variety (75%).
It is characterized by mild to moderate
visual loss and no RAPD.

15. Ischemic CRVO refers to acute
complete occlusion of central
retinal vein.
It is characterized by marked
sudden visual loss and RAPD.

16. Sudden painless loss of
vision.
Persistent decreased central
vision.

17. Visual acuity- severe visual loss, up to 20/200.
Intra ocular pressure raised
Fundus Examination- dilated tortuous veins,
retinal and macular edema, flame shape
hemorrhages and cotton wool spots .

18. FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
ECG
BLOOD CP
BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL.
COMPLICATION
CHRONIC MACULAR EDEMA
RETINAL NEOVASCULARIZATION
NEOVASCULAR GLAUCOMA
CONVERSION FROM NON-ISCHEMIC
TO ISCHEMIC TYPE.