Доклад с 15 Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 мая 2015 г
Alterations of Hepcidin and Interleukin in Diabeticsasclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study was done to determine the levels of hepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in diabetics. Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 diabetics and 100 apparently normal subjects of the same age group 40–70. The levels of hepcidin and IL-6 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The level of hepcidin and IL-6 significantly increased in the diabetics when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study probably indicated a significant increase in serum IL-6 and hepcidin levels in patients with diabetics.
Питер Сутерс "Проблемные вопросы лечения свищей"rnw-aspen
Доклад с 15 Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 мая 2015 г
The Challenges of Sarcopenia: Definition, Underlying Mechanisms, Intervention...InsideScientific
During this webinar, Drs. Peterson and Guralnik will discuss sarcopenia, the physiological mechanisms underlying the disease, and the current avenues of treatment and assessment that are being researched and developed for patients.
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle that causes decreased strength and functional limitations. Muscle loss occurs universally in people as we age, but some people lose muscle at an accelerated rate compared to others. While chronic disease can cause sarcopenia, it can also result from a sedentary lifestyle, hospitalizations and extended bed rest due to other conditions.
A gradual decline in muscle mass and strength begins around 30 years of age with this condition, and annual losses get larger throughout life. The self-reporting of functional difficulties to health care providers may give an indication that sarcopenia is present, but a more precise definition is needed for research and clinical use.
Efforts made in Europe and the US have used grip strength, gait speed and lean mass to define sarcopenia, but these definitions lead to large differences in prevalence rate and discordance in who is labelled as “sarcopenic”. To assess this condition, lean mass as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may not accurately reflect actual muscle mass, but a new technique using dilution of deuterium-labelled creatine may prove to be superior in clinically diagnosing sarcopenia. Currently, a consensus has not been reached on the clinical outcome assessments that can be used by regulatory agencies to judge the effectiveness of drugs for sarcopenia.
A number of potential interventions are being explored to treat sarcopenia in older people, but no drugs are currently approved for this condition. The antidiabetic drug metformin shows promise in preventing many age-associated conditions, but appears to blunt the benefits of exercise on muscle. Senolytic drugs, which clear senescent cells, may improve muscle repair following injury preferentially in older individuals.
Alterations of Hepcidin and Interleukin in Diabeticsasclepiuspdfs
Aim: This study was done to determine the levels of hepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in diabetics. Materials and Methods: The study involved 100 diabetics and 100 apparently normal subjects of the same age group 40–70. The levels of hepcidin and IL-6 were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: The level of hepcidin and IL-6 significantly increased in the diabetics when compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study probably indicated a significant increase in serum IL-6 and hepcidin levels in patients with diabetics.
Питер Сутерс "Проблемные вопросы лечения свищей"rnw-aspen
Доклад с 15 Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 мая 2015 г
The Challenges of Sarcopenia: Definition, Underlying Mechanisms, Intervention...InsideScientific
During this webinar, Drs. Peterson and Guralnik will discuss sarcopenia, the physiological mechanisms underlying the disease, and the current avenues of treatment and assessment that are being researched and developed for patients.
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle that causes decreased strength and functional limitations. Muscle loss occurs universally in people as we age, but some people lose muscle at an accelerated rate compared to others. While chronic disease can cause sarcopenia, it can also result from a sedentary lifestyle, hospitalizations and extended bed rest due to other conditions.
A gradual decline in muscle mass and strength begins around 30 years of age with this condition, and annual losses get larger throughout life. The self-reporting of functional difficulties to health care providers may give an indication that sarcopenia is present, but a more precise definition is needed for research and clinical use.
Efforts made in Europe and the US have used grip strength, gait speed and lean mass to define sarcopenia, but these definitions lead to large differences in prevalence rate and discordance in who is labelled as “sarcopenic”. To assess this condition, lean mass as measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) may not accurately reflect actual muscle mass, but a new technique using dilution of deuterium-labelled creatine may prove to be superior in clinically diagnosing sarcopenia. Currently, a consensus has not been reached on the clinical outcome assessments that can be used by regulatory agencies to judge the effectiveness of drugs for sarcopenia.
A number of potential interventions are being explored to treat sarcopenia in older people, but no drugs are currently approved for this condition. The antidiabetic drug metformin shows promise in preventing many age-associated conditions, but appears to blunt the benefits of exercise on muscle. Senolytic drugs, which clear senescent cells, may improve muscle repair following injury preferentially in older individuals.
Mitochondrial Medicine Society MitoAction Updates 4.1.16mitoaction
Areas of discussion include: Transplantation in Mito patients, Stroke protocol for MELAS, Standards of care for Mito patients, Centers of Excellence and the need for community involvement/input (v2 slides)
The root cause of chronic diseases, cancer and aging was recently understood. It includes 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation secondary to hyperglycemia and obesity leading to insulin - leptin resistance. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction. Diet, Intermittent fasting or its alternative the Metabolic Bariatric Surgery and Exercise play a significant rule in the salvage of these problems. Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health, Exercise with its Countless Benefits is the logical salvage for a group of diseases related to inactivity . In view of the prevalence, global reach and health effect of these physical inactivity related diseases, the issue should be appropriately described as pandemic, with far-reaching health, economic, social and Environmental consequences.These diseases include, Obesity, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, Depression and anxiety, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Etc, etc, etc… I think we have no option except doing regular exercises if we seriously search for a salvage to escape the bad and serious consequences of these new life style diseases.
Emma Ridley, ANZIC-RC, Monash University and Alfred Health
Emma leads the ICU Nutrition Research Program at the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia and has 13 years of clinical dietetic experience, including as a senior dietitian in the ICU at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. Emma’s research interests include the clinical application of indirect calorimetry, as well as the effect of optimal nutrition delivery on short and long-term outcomes in ICU patients. Emma was awarded a prestigious Churchill Fellowship in 2011 to investigate the role of indirect calorimetry internationally and regularly delivers invited national and international presentations. Emma is on the management committee for the TARGET trial (the largest blinded enteral nutrition trial conducted in critical care) and has been a named investigator on $6.2 million dollars of research funding, including a project based on findings from her PhD of $2.3 million dollars (NCT03292237).
Musculoskeletal Complications of Cancer and its TreatmentsInsideScientific
Cancer frequently associates with the occurrence of cachexia, a debilitating syndrome responsible for reduced tolerance to anticancer therapies, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Dr. Bonetto's group reported that animals bearing cancers not only show reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, but also dramatic bone loss, despite the absence of bone metastases. Their latest findings revealed that muscle and bone depletion may also occur as a direct consequence of anticancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy). There is now substantial agreement on the fact that abnormalities of the so-called ‘muscle-bone crosstalk’ may contribute to the onset of cachexia secondary to cancer or chemotherapy. Clinical and experimental observations also suggest that pharmacological bone preservation may concurrently benefit muscle mass in animal models, burn patients and osteoporotic women.
In this webinar Dr. Bonetto will present evidence that bone preservation directly impacts muscle size and function in cachexia, thus also contributing to unraveling novel pathogenetic mechanisms and opening new avenues for treatment.
Heterogeneity and Crosstalk of Human Brown Adipose TissueInsideScientific
To learn more and watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/heterogeneity-and-crosstalk-human-brown-adipose-tissue-obesity-series-2020
Adipose tissues contain lipid-filled adipocytes but are also composed of several other cell types including adipogenic progenitors, endothelial cells, immune cells and neuronal cells. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains thermogenic adipocytes which produce heat in response to cold, an energy-consuming process. Today, it is well established that adipose tissue function is highly dependent on the plasticity of the tissue due to the interaction of different cell types present within the tissue. In addition, the function of adipose tissue is controlled by secreted factors, called adipokines or batokines. Some of these cytokines affect nearby cells within the adipose tissue while others are secreted into the circulation for communication at the organ level.
In this exclusive live webinar, Camilla Schéele, Associate Professor at The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research in Copenhagen, Denmark and Christian Wolfrum, Professor at ETH Zürich in the Department of Health Science and Technology in Zürich, Switzerland discuss broader aspects of brown adipose tissue and share late-breaking research relating to the role of BAT in whole body metabolic regulation.
Alterations of Mitochondrial Functions and DNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy of ...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Alterations of Mitochondrial Functions and DNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy of CCK1 Receptors-Deficient Rats by Abdelbary Prince, Magdy A Ghoneim, Abdallah M El-Ebidi, Hala A Mousa and Jin Han in Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes
Mitochondrial Medicine Society MitoAction Updates 4.1.16mitoaction
Areas of discussion include: Transplantation in Mito patients, Stroke protocol for MELAS, Standards of care for Mito patients, Centers of Excellence and the need for community involvement/input (v2 slides)
The root cause of chronic diseases, cancer and aging was recently understood. It includes 1- A state of chronic low grade inflammation secondary to hyperglycemia and obesity leading to insulin - leptin resistance. 2- Mitochondrial dysfunction. Diet, Intermittent fasting or its alternative the Metabolic Bariatric Surgery and Exercise play a significant rule in the salvage of these problems. Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintain physical fitness and overall health, Exercise with its Countless Benefits is the logical salvage for a group of diseases related to inactivity . In view of the prevalence, global reach and health effect of these physical inactivity related diseases, the issue should be appropriately described as pandemic, with far-reaching health, economic, social and Environmental consequences.These diseases include, Obesity, Coronary artery disease, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cancer, Depression and anxiety, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Etc, etc, etc… I think we have no option except doing regular exercises if we seriously search for a salvage to escape the bad and serious consequences of these new life style diseases.
Emma Ridley, ANZIC-RC, Monash University and Alfred Health
Emma leads the ICU Nutrition Research Program at the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia and has 13 years of clinical dietetic experience, including as a senior dietitian in the ICU at The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. Emma’s research interests include the clinical application of indirect calorimetry, as well as the effect of optimal nutrition delivery on short and long-term outcomes in ICU patients. Emma was awarded a prestigious Churchill Fellowship in 2011 to investigate the role of indirect calorimetry internationally and regularly delivers invited national and international presentations. Emma is on the management committee for the TARGET trial (the largest blinded enteral nutrition trial conducted in critical care) and has been a named investigator on $6.2 million dollars of research funding, including a project based on findings from her PhD of $2.3 million dollars (NCT03292237).
Musculoskeletal Complications of Cancer and its TreatmentsInsideScientific
Cancer frequently associates with the occurrence of cachexia, a debilitating syndrome responsible for reduced tolerance to anticancer therapies, as well as increased morbidity and mortality. Dr. Bonetto's group reported that animals bearing cancers not only show reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, but also dramatic bone loss, despite the absence of bone metastases. Their latest findings revealed that muscle and bone depletion may also occur as a direct consequence of anticancer treatments (i.e., chemotherapy). There is now substantial agreement on the fact that abnormalities of the so-called ‘muscle-bone crosstalk’ may contribute to the onset of cachexia secondary to cancer or chemotherapy. Clinical and experimental observations also suggest that pharmacological bone preservation may concurrently benefit muscle mass in animal models, burn patients and osteoporotic women.
In this webinar Dr. Bonetto will present evidence that bone preservation directly impacts muscle size and function in cachexia, thus also contributing to unraveling novel pathogenetic mechanisms and opening new avenues for treatment.
Heterogeneity and Crosstalk of Human Brown Adipose TissueInsideScientific
To learn more and watch the webinar, go to:
https://insidescientific.com/webinar/heterogeneity-and-crosstalk-human-brown-adipose-tissue-obesity-series-2020
Adipose tissues contain lipid-filled adipocytes but are also composed of several other cell types including adipogenic progenitors, endothelial cells, immune cells and neuronal cells. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains thermogenic adipocytes which produce heat in response to cold, an energy-consuming process. Today, it is well established that adipose tissue function is highly dependent on the plasticity of the tissue due to the interaction of different cell types present within the tissue. In addition, the function of adipose tissue is controlled by secreted factors, called adipokines or batokines. Some of these cytokines affect nearby cells within the adipose tissue while others are secreted into the circulation for communication at the organ level.
In this exclusive live webinar, Camilla Schéele, Associate Professor at The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research in Copenhagen, Denmark and Christian Wolfrum, Professor at ETH Zürich in the Department of Health Science and Technology in Zürich, Switzerland discuss broader aspects of brown adipose tissue and share late-breaking research relating to the role of BAT in whole body metabolic regulation.
Alterations of Mitochondrial Functions and DNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy of ...CrimsonPublishersIOD
Alterations of Mitochondrial Functions and DNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy of CCK1 Receptors-Deficient Rats by Abdelbary Prince, Magdy A Ghoneim, Abdallah M El-Ebidi, Hala A Mousa and Jin Han in Interventions in Obesity & Diabetes
The role of curcumin in streptozotocin induced hepatic damage and the trans-d...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Diabetic patients frequently suffer from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The current study aimed to investigate the role of curcumin and the response of hepatic stellate cells in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hepatic damage. Sixty male rats were divided into three groups. The normal control injected with a citrate buffer vehicle and the diabetic control group which was injected intraperitoneally (IP) with a single-dose of streptozotocin (50mg/kg body weight) and a diabetic group was treated with an oral dose of curcumin at 80 mg/kg body weight daily for 60 days. Curcumin effectively counteracts oxidative stress-mediated hepatic damage and improves biochemical parameters. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was significantly reduced, and insulin antibodies showed strong positive immunoreactivity with curcumin administration. These results optimistically demonstrate the potential use of curcumin, which is attributed to its antiradical/antioxidant activities and its potential β-cell regenerative properties. Also, it has the capability to encourage the trans-differentiation of hepatic stellate cells into insulin-producing cells for a period of time. In addition, as it is an anti-fibrotic mediator that inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and the transition to myofibroblast-like cells, this suggests the possibility of considering curcumin's novel therapeutic effects in reducing hepatic dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Ayuno intermitente en la salud, envejecimiento y enfermedad.Nicolas Ugarte
Articulo muy interesante de ayuno intermitente.
Estudios preclínicos y ensayos clínicos han demostrado que el ayuno intermitente tiene beneficios de amplio espectro para muchas afecciones de salud, como obesidad, diabetes mellitus, enfermedades cardiovasculares, cánceres y trastornos neurológicos.
AHS13 Colin Champ — Intermittent Fasting and Carbohydrate Restriction in Canc...Ancestral Health Society
Dietary manipulation, including intermittent fasting, carbohydrate restriction, and ketogenic diets, all ancestral in etiology, appear to increase the efficacy of radiation therapy for cancer treatment in preclinical and clinical trials. Clinical trials incorporating such dietary manipulation are necessary.
"Нутриционная поддержка и реабилитация: врач-ребенок-мама" Коровина И.В.(Мос...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Нутриционная поддержка детей с органическими поражениями головного мозга" З...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Опыт организации группы нутритивной терапии в федеральном научно-клиническом...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Нарушения нутритивного статуса и возможности его коррекции у пациентов после...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Нутритивный статус у детей, подвергающихся трансплантации гемопоэтических ст...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Распространенность и выраженность недостаточности питания среди пациентов ФН...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Первый опыт организации домашнего парентерального питания детей в Санкт-Пете...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Хронический интестинальный псевдообструктивный синдром: современные тренды д...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Альбумин в интенсивной терапии критических состояний у детей" Пшениснов К.В...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Синтетические коллоиды в интенсивной терапии шока у детей. За и против?" Ал...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
Различные варианты сосудистого доступа для пациентов, получающих прентерально...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Проблемные вопросы полного парентерального питания больных в клинической пра...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Синдром короткой кишки у детей: нутритивная поддержка до и после аутологичны...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Синдром короткой кишки - проблемы лечения и возможные перспективы" Луфт В....rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Нутритивно-метаболическая терапия при ОРДС: обсуждаем спорные моменты" Ярош...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Клиническая демонстрация больного с осложненным течением острого деструктивн...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Метаболическая дисфункция при сепсисе: клинические проявления и подходы к ко...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Сепсис: новые взгляды на старую проблему" Кулабухов В.В., Руднов В.А. (Москва)rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Инфузионная и нутритивная терапия больных с острым панкреатитом" Соботка Л....rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
"Проблемные вопросы инфузионной терапии острого панкреатита" Афончиков В.С...rnw-aspen
Доклад с XVI Межрегиональной научно-практической конференции "Искусственное питание и инфузионная терапия больных в медицине критических состояний" 21-22 апреля 2016 г.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
5. 7 g Nitrogen/day lost in urine
43 g Protein/day lost from the body
170 g of wet Muscle mass/ day lost from the body
Provides not more than 20-25 g of glucose
Not more than 5-8% of energy requirement
Remaining energy (92-95%) covered by fat oxidation
6.
7. 14 g Nitrogen/day lost in urine
87 g Protein/day lost from the body
340 g of wet Muscle mass/ day lost from the body
Not more than 40-50 g of glucose
Not more than 10-12% of energy requirement
88-90% of energy requirement covered by oxidation of fat
9. Limitation of glucose oxidation
• The body limits glucose oxidation in starvation and
stress starvation.
• This limits protein degradation because amino acids
need to be degraded to produce glucose
• This promotes survival because when more glucose
would be oxidized more protein would have to be
degraded which would shorten survival
• In evolution periods of (stress) starvation regularly
occurred and genes have survived that could code
for inhibition of glucose oxidation
• How does the body do this?
10. What do the following situations have in common?
12. Effects of intravenous glucose on
endogenous glucose production in
healthy subjectsEGP(mg.kg.min)
0
1
2
3
1 2 4 4 + INS
Before glucose
During glucose
* * P < 0.05
*
*
*
Glucose delivery
Mg.kg-1.min-1
Wolfe RR et al, Metabolism 1979; 28: 210
13. Effects of enteral carbohydrate on
glucose flow (Ra) and endogenous
production (EGP) in critically ill patients
# P < 0.05
mol.kg.min
0
10
20
30
40
28% CHO 53% CHO 75% CHO
Glucose Ra EGP
#
# #
Schwarz JM, Am.
J. Clin. Nutr
2000; 72: 940
15. What do they have in common?
• Sparing glucose
• Utilizing glucose for purposes that can only be served
by glucose:
• Tissue synthesis, immune response, redox regulation
• How to do this?
• Increased glucose/lactate/alanine/glucose cycling
• No full glucose oxidation (can be done by fat)
• No glycogen synthesis (is less relevant)
• What is an additional survival effect?
• Protein sparing !!!! (protein is in starvation the most
important glucose precursor)
16. Mohammad MA, Sunehag AL, Chacko SK, Pontius AS, Maningat PD,
Haymond MW. Mechanisms to conserve glucose in lactating women during
a 42-h fast. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology And
Metabolism. 2009 October 1, 2009;297(4):E879-E88.
Lactation leads to insulin
resistance!
17. Pinto, J., et al. (2014). "Following healthy pregnancy by NMR metabolomics of
plasma and correlation to urine." Journal of Proteome Research.
18. Upregulation PPP in
estivation (starvation in
summer)
Ramnanan CJ, Storey KB. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase regulation
during hypometabolism. Biochemical and Biophysical Research
Communications 2006;339:7-16.
19. Upregulation PPP in oxidative
stress in yeast
Ralser, M., et al. (2009). "Metabolic reconfiguration precedes
transcriptional regulation in the antioxidant response." Nat
Biotech 27(7): 604-605.
20. Grant, C. (2008). "Metabolic reconfiguration is a regulated
response to oxidative stress." Journal of Biology 7(1): 1.
21. No oxidation
Levine AJ, Puzio-Kuter AM. The control of the metabolic switch in cancers by
oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Science. 2010 Dec 3;330(6009):1340-4.
Anaplerosis
22. Kahn BB, McGraw TE. Rosiglitazone, PPARgamma, and type 2
diabetes. N Engl J Med 2010;363(27): 2667-2669.
Benefit (?) and Harm of oral antidiabetics
23. Bodmer M, Meier C, Krahenbuhl S, Jick SS, Meier CR. Long-
term metformin use is associated with decreased risk of
breast cancer. Diabetes Care 2010;33(6): 1304-1308.
Benefit (?) and Harm of oral antidiabetics
24. Euglycemic clamp studies in septic
patients and volunteers, no caloric intake
Expe-
riment
Insulinemia
mIU/ml
Glycemia
mmol/L
Glucose infusion
mg/kgBW/min
Glucose oxidation
mg/kgBW/min
Glc. non-oxid.
disposal
mg/kg/BW/min
Volun-
teers
250 5 mmol 11 3.4 7.6
Sepsis 250 5 mmol 3.6 2.8 0.4
Volun-
teers
1250 5 mmol 17.2 4.5 11.6
Sepsis 1250 5 mmol 6.4 3.7 2.3
Rusavy, Z., et al. (2004). "Influence of insulin on glucose metabolism and energy
expenditure in septic patients." Critical Care 8(4): R213 - R220.
25. Euglycemic clamp studies in septic patients at two
plasma levels of Glucose and Insulin.
Glucose infusion
Rusavy Z, Macdonald IA, Sramek V, Lacigova S, Tesinsky P, Novak I. Glycemia
Influences on Glucose Metabolism in Sepsis During Hyperinsulinemic Clamp.
Expe-
riment
Insulinemia
mIU/ml
Glycemia
mmol/L
Glucose infusion
mg/kgBW/min
Glucose oxidation
mg/kgBW/min
Glc. non-oxid.
disposal
mg/kg/BW/min
1 250 5 mmol 3.8 2.6 0.7
2 250 10 mmol 7.9 4.2 3.5
3 1250 5 mmol 7.0 3.6 2.9
26. Agwunobi AO, Reid C, Maycock P, Little RA, Carlson GL. Insulin Resistance and
Substrate Utilization in Human Endotoxemia. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism 2000;85:3770-8.
Glucose storage = Glycogen synthesis
Pentose phosphate
pathway
Anaplerosis/Cataplerosis
Fatty acid synthesis
Endotoxin
Control
27. Glucose concentrations > 4-6
mmol drive glucose uptake
Protein Km
2
(mM)
Major sites of expression Proposed function
Facilitative glucose transporters (GLUT)
GLUT 1 3-7 Ubiquitous distribution in tissues
and culture cells
Basal glucose uptake; transport
across blood tissue barriers
GLUT 2 17 Liver, islets, kidney, small intestine High capacity low affinity transport
GLUT 3 1.4 Brain and nerve cells Neuronal transport
GLUT 4 6.6 Muscle, fat, heart Insulin-regulated transport in muscle
and fat
GLUT 5 Intestine, kidney, testis Transport of fructose
GLUT 6 unknown Spleen, leukocytes, brain
28. Authors Study design Glucose dosage/
Nutrition
Glucose level target Outcome
Van den Berghe
e.a. 20011
1258 patients
PRCT ICU on mech.
vent. predominantly
card.surg. patients
200-300g/d CHO i.v. EN
and PN starting on
admission
IIT: 4.4-6.1 mmol
C: Insulin when gluc
>10-11.1 mmol
Effects attributable to ICU stay > 5 d:
IIT: Mortality: 4.6%; C: 8% (S); LOS ICU:
shorter and less infection (S)
Van den Berghe
e.a. 200667
1200 patients
PRCT ICU medical 255-340 g CHO/d EN
and PN starting on
admission
IIT: 4.4-6.1 mmol
C: Insulin when gluc
>12 mmol
No effect on total mortality
IIT: less renal failure, shorter mech. vent.,
shorter LOS ICU (S)
De Azevedo e.a.
201071
337 patients
PRCT critical illness Low CHO:33% Cal of EN
IIT: 45% CHO Cal of EN
Total Cal not indicated
33% Cal CHO: Insulin
when gluc >10 mmol
45% Cal CHO IIT: gluc
6.7-10 mmol
Low CHO: Insulin 2 IU/day; IIT 52 IU/d.
Low CHO hypoglycemia. 3.5% of pat.; IIT:
16%.: related to neurological signs and
mortality. Overall mortality and morbidity
(NS)
Finfer e.a. 20093
6104 patients
PRCT ICU patients
expected > 3d ICU
109-129 g CHO/d
EN and PN
IIT: 4.5-6 mmol
C: 10 mmol or less
Mortality IIT: 27.5%; C: 24.9. OR 1.14 (S)
Gluc <2.2 mmol IIT 6.8% C: 0.5% (p
<0.001)
LOS ICU,mech. vent., renal replacement
(NS)
Studies Tight Glucose Control
Low CHO intake and ITT bad results
Deprivation of CHO for anabolic actions?!
29. Intensive Insulin therapy
• In critically ill patients glucose levels of approximately
10 mmol should be aimed for/allowed
• Levels between 4 and 6 mmol and limited glucose in
the diet increase the risk of hypoglycemia and
decrease host response (synthesis tissue, immune cells,
redoxregulation)
• With 50% of energy requirements covered by glucose
the risk of hypoglycemia is diminished and host
response is promoted.
• Oral antidiabetic drugs may interfere with the
beneficial effects of insulin resistance (insulin!?)
30. Beans et al
Expert Reviews
Mol Medicine
2003 Vol. 5 March
Stages of wound
healing:
Trauma/Damage/Disease
Clotting
Early inflammation
Late inflammation:
Growth biomass/cells
Remodeling/strengthening
31. Inflammation
• Immune cells perform local work
• Clot, remove debris, prepare
• Rebuild
• Immune cells steer metabolism
• Steer the periphery (predominantly muscle) in
conjunction with the liver to deliver an adequate mix of
building stones (glucose, glutamine, proline, alanine,
glycine far more than in muscle protein; essential amino
acids, other non-essential acids)
• Fat provides energy
• The way metabolism is steered causes insulin
resistance
• Inflammation and insulin resistance are inextricably
connected and are beneficial adaptive mechanisms
Editor's Notes
Mention: these are the elements of insulin resistance.
