This document provides information about diabetes, including the different types of diabetes, signs and symptoms, risk factors, goals for managing blood sugar levels, and tips for healthy lifestyle changes to prevent and manage diabetes. It discusses type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring A1C levels and blood glucose to control diabetes and reduce health risks. The key recommendations are to work with a healthcare team to set individualized A1C, blood pressure, and cholesterol goals and test regularly to manage diabetes effectively.
Symptoms of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Prevention TipsInovaHealth
Learn about pre-diabetes and how asses your risk and tips on preventing diabetes from Inova Medical Group physicians.
Learn more about Inova Medical Group at www.inovamedicalgroup.org.
Symptoms of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Prevention TipsInovaHealth
Learn about pre-diabetes and how asses your risk and tips on preventing diabetes from Inova Medical Group physicians.
Learn more about Inova Medical Group at www.inovamedicalgroup.org.
Global Medical Cures™ | Tasty Recipes for People with Diabetes & their Families Global Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Tasty Recipes for People with Diabetes & their Families
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
It’s important to keep your blood sugar levels in your target range as much as possible to help prevent or delay long-term, serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. Staying in your target range can also help improve your energy and mood. Find answers below to common questions about blood sugar for people with diabetes.
Diabetes support site type 1 diabetes facts presentationMaureen Coughlan
Type 1 diabetes is all about insulin—a lack of the hormone insulin. If you have type 1 diabetes, then your body doesn’t produce enough insulin to handle the glucose in your body. Glucose is a sugar that your body uses for instant energy, but in order for your body to use it properly, you have to have insulin.
You can learn how to take care of your diabetes and prevent some of the serious problems diabetes can cause. The more you know, the better you can manage your diabetes.
Share this booklet with your family and friends so they will understand more about diabetes. Also make sure to ask your health care team any questions you might have.
National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA) 2015Laura Fargher
A easy read summary report about the quality of diabetes care in hospitals in England and Wales. Based on findings from the National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (2015).
Global Medical Cures™ | Tasty Recipes for People with Diabetes & their Families Global Medical Cures™
Global Medical Cures™ | Tasty Recipes for People with Diabetes & their Families
DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
It’s important to keep your blood sugar levels in your target range as much as possible to help prevent or delay long-term, serious health problems, such as heart disease, vision loss, and kidney disease. Staying in your target range can also help improve your energy and mood. Find answers below to common questions about blood sugar for people with diabetes.
Diabetes support site type 1 diabetes facts presentationMaureen Coughlan
Type 1 diabetes is all about insulin—a lack of the hormone insulin. If you have type 1 diabetes, then your body doesn’t produce enough insulin to handle the glucose in your body. Glucose is a sugar that your body uses for instant energy, but in order for your body to use it properly, you have to have insulin.
You can learn how to take care of your diabetes and prevent some of the serious problems diabetes can cause. The more you know, the better you can manage your diabetes.
Share this booklet with your family and friends so they will understand more about diabetes. Also make sure to ask your health care team any questions you might have.
National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (NaDIA) 2015Laura Fargher
A easy read summary report about the quality of diabetes care in hospitals in England and Wales. Based on findings from the National Diabetes Inpatient Audit (2015).
Nursing audit assists in:
1. Evaluating Nursing care given,
2. Achieving deserved and feasible quality of nursing care,
3. Stimulating better nursing records maintenance,
4. Focuses on patient care provided and not on care provider,
5. Contributes to research in nursing.
New studies and videos on Diabetes type two. With promising new studies and information everyone should read! This one video here even lays out how to control your type 2 without medication. Well worth checking out.
As part of your diabetes management, your physician can prescribe pills. Read about the different kind of pills offered, how it works, and important things to know!
Liberty Medical
Alcohol, tobacco o and drug use is a major public health issue, increasing the risk of injury, violence, HIV infection and other disease among our world’s students.
For example, In USA, in 2013, the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) reported that the following data:
66.2% of high school students have tried alcohol.
41.1% have smoked.
22.1% have been offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property.
School Staff Responsibility.
As school employee for the following district protocols for:
Prevention
Intervention
Referral for evaluation and treatment.
Continuity of student care.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. What is diabetes?
• Diabetes causes blood glucose levels to be above
normal.
• People with diabetes have problems converting
food to energy.
• After food is eaten, it is broken down into a
sugar called glucose.
• Glucose is then carried by the blood to cells
throughout the body.
• The hormone insulin, made in the pancreas,
helps the body change blood glucose into energy.
• People with diabetes, however, either no longer
make insulin, or their insulin doesn’t work
properly, or both.
3. Type 2 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes is the most common type in all over
the world.
• It can occur at any age, even during childhood.
• People develop type 2 diabetes because the cells in
the muscles, liver, and fat do not use insulin properly.
• Eventually, the body cannot make enough insulin.
• As a result, the amount of glucose in the blood
increases while the cells are starved of energy.
• Over time, high blood glucose damages nerves and
blood vessels, leading to problems such as heart
disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, and
amputation.
5. Type 1 diabetes
• People develop type 1 diabetes when their bodies
no longer make any insulin.
• Type 1 is usually first diagnosed in children or
young adults, but it can develop at any age.
Gestational diabetes
• Gestational diabetes is first diagnosed during
pregnancy.
• It occurs when the body doesn’t use insulin
properly.
• this form of diabetes usually goes away after the
baby is born, a woman who has had it is more likely
to develop type 2 diabetes later in life.
6. What are the signs and symptoms of type 2
diabetes?
• Many people have no visible signs or symptoms of
diabetes.
• Symptoms can also be so mild that you might not
notice them
Look for
1. ➜ increased thirst
2. ➜ increased hunger
3. ➜ fatigue
4. ➜ increased urination, especially at night
5. ➜ unexplained weight loss
6. ➜ blurred vision
7. ➜ sores that do not heal
7. What does pre-diabetes mean?
• Pre-diabetes means your blood glucose is higher
than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis
of diabetes.
• When you have pre-diabetes, you’re at risk of
getting type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
• There are no visible symptoms of pre-diabetes.
• The good news is, if you have pre-diabetes, you
can lower your risk of getting diabetes.
• With modest weight loss and moderate physical
activity you may even return to having normal
blood glucose levels.
8. What factors increase my
risk for type 2 diabetes
• If you have certain conditions, you’re more
likely to develop type 2 diabetes.
• The more of these conditions you have, the
higher your risk.
• Check each item that is true for you.
• Then show this list to your doctor.
1. mother had diabetes when I was born.
2. overweight.
3. A parent, brother, or sister with diabetes.
4. Family background.
9. 5. gestational diabetes, or gave birth to at
least one baby weighing more than 4 kg.
6. The blood pressure is 140/90 or higher,.
7. cholesterol levels are higher than
normal.
8. cholesterol (“good” cholesterol) is below
35, or my triglyceride level is above 250.
9. fairly inactive.
10. exercise fewer than three times a week.
10. Should any one be
tested for diabetes?
1. Anyone 45 years old or older should consider
getting tested for diabetes.
2. If you are 45 or older and overweight, getting
tested is strongly recommended.
3. If one is younger than 45, overweight, and
have one or more of the risk factors, you
should consider testing.
4. Ask your doctor for a fasting blood glucose
test or an oral glucose tolerance test.
5. Your doctor will tell you if you have normal
blood glucose, pre-diabetes, or diabetes.
11. How can I lower my
risk for diabetes?
• Sick person can do a lot to lower his risk.
• The small steps he takes can lead to big
rewards.
• Reach and maintain a reasonable body weight.
• Make wise food choices most of the time.
• Be physically active every day.
• Take his prescribed medicines.
• Doing these things can reduce his risk of
developing type 2 diabetes.
• Keeping his blood pressure and cholesterol on
target also helps he stay healthy.
12. • If lady is pregnant, plan to breastfeed
her baby.
• Ask her doctor for the names of people
to call for help learning to breastfeed.
• Besides being good for her baby,
breastfeeding is good for her.
• Breastfeeding may lower the baby’s risk
of becoming overweight and getting
diabetes.
13. Reach and Maintain a
Reasonable Body Weight
• Your weight affects your health in many ways.
• Being overweight can keep your body from making and
using insulin correctly.
• The extra weight may also cause high blood pressure.
• The DPP showed that losing even a few kilograms can
help lower your risk of developing type 2 diabetes,
because weight loss helps your body use insulin more
effectively.
• Every half kilogram you lose lowers your risk of getting
diabetes.
• In the DPP, people who lost 5- to 7- percent of their body
weight lowered their risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
14. • If you’re overweight, choose sensible ways to
lose weight.
1. Don’t use crash diets. Instead, eat smaller
servings of the foods you usually have, and
limit the amount of fat you eat.
2. Increase your physical activity. Aim for at least
30 minutes of exercise most days of the week.
Do something you enjoy, like biking or walking
with a friend.
3. Set a reasonable weight-loss goal, such as
losing about a kilogram a week. Aim for a long-
term goal of losing the number of kilograms
that’s right for you.
15. Choosing My Weight Loss Goal
• Losing 5- to 7- percent of your total weight
can help lower your risk of getting type 2
diabetes. You are more likely to lose weight
if
1. you’re physically active
2. you cut down on fat and calories
3. Use these steps to choose a goal.
4. Talk with your doctor and your
nutritionist about your goal and how to
reach it.
16.
17. Make Wise Food Choices
Most of The Time
• What you eat has a big impact on your health.
• By making wise food choices, you can help control your body
weight, blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol.
• Keep track of what you eat and drink.
• People who keep track are more successful in losing weight.
• You can use the Daily Food and Drink Tracker form on page
14 to write down what you eat and drink.
• Take a close look at the serving sizes of the foods you eat.
• Limit serving sizes of main courses (such as meat), desserts,
and other foods high in fat. Increase the amount of fruits and
vegetables at every meal.
18. • Daily Food and Drink TrackerDate -----------------------
Time Name Amount
Fat Grams
Calories
Total
19. If you have diabetes… know your
blood sugar numbers!
• Taking control of your diabetes can help you
feel better and stay healthy.
• By keeping your blood glucose (blood sugar)
close to normal reduces your chances of
having eye, kidney, and nerve problems.
• To control your diabetes, you need to know
your blood glucose numbers and your target
goals.
20.
21. There are two different tests to
measure your blood glucose.
1. The A1C test (pronounced A-one-C) reflects
your average blood glucose level over the last 3
months. It is the best way to know your overall
blood glucose control during this period of
time. This test used to be called hemoglobin A-
1-Cor H-b-A-1-C.
2. The blood glucose test you do yourself uses a
drop of blood and a meter that measures the
level of glucose in your blood at the time you
do the test. This is called self monitoring of
blood glucose (SMBG).
22. The A1C Test
• The Best Measure of Long-Term Diabetes
Control
• What istheA1Ctest?
• The A1C test is a simple lab test that reflects
your average blood glucose level over the last 3
months.
• A small blood sample to check your A1C can be
taken atanytimeof theday.
23. • Whyshould IhaveanA1Ctest?
• The A1C test is the best test for you and your
health care team to know how well your
treatment planisworkingovertime.
• The test shows if your blood glucose levels
havebeen close tonormal ortoohigh.
• The higher the amount of glucose in your
blood, thehigher yourA1Cresultwillbe.
• A high A1C result will increase your chances
forserious health problems.
24. What is a good A1C goal?
• You and your health care team should
discuss the A1C goal that is right for you.
For most people with diabetes, the A1C
goal is less than 7. An A1C higher than 7
means that you have a greater chance of
eye disease, kidney disease, or nerve
damage. Lowering your A1C—by any
amount— can improve your chances of
staying healthy.
• .
25. • If your number is 7 or more, or above your goal,
• ask your health care team about changing your
treatment plan to bring your A1C number down
26. • If I am pregnant, what is my A1C goal?
1. Keeping your A1C less than 6 if you are
pregnant will help ensure a healthy baby.
2. If possible, women should plan ahead and work
to get their A1C below 6 before getting
pregnant.
• How often do I need an A1C test?
1. Ask for an A1C test at least twice a year.
2. Get the test more often if your blood glucose
stays too high or if your treatment plan
changes.
27. • What about home testing for A1C?
• You and your health care team should
decide if home testing is a good idea for
you.
• If so, be sure to do the test the correct
way and discuss the results with your
doctor.
28. Checking Your Own Blood Glucose
• The Best Test for Day-to-Day Diabetes Control
• Why should I check my blood glucose?
• Self monitoring of blood glucose, or SMBG,
with a meter helps you see how food,
physical activity, and medicine affect your
blood glucose levels.
• The readings you get can help you manage
your diabetes day by day or even hour by
hour.
• Keep a record of your test results and review
it at each visit with your health care team.
29. What is a good self-testing blood glucose goal?
• Set your goals with your health care team.
• Blood glucose goals for most people with
diabetes when selftesting are on this table.
Plasma Values
Before meals 90 – 130
1 to 2 hours after meals less than 180
Whole Blood Values
Before meals 80 – 120
1 to 2 hours after meals less than 170
30. • How often should I check my blood glucose?
• Self-tests are usually done before meals, after
meals, and/or at bedtime.
• People who take insulin usually need to test more
often than those who do not take insulin.
• Ask your doctor when and how often you need to
check your blood glucose.
• If I test my own blood glucose, do I still need the
A1C test?
• Yes. The results of both SMBG and A1C tests help
you and your doctor to manage your diabetes and
get a complete picture of your diabetes control.
31. • How do blood glucose self-testing results compare with
A1C test results?
• Here is a chart from the American Diabetes Association to
show you how your blood glucose testing results are
likely to match up with your A1C results.
• As the chart shows, the higher your self-testing numbers
are over a 3-month period, the higher your A1C result is
going to be.
A1C Average self-test Level glucose numbers(plasma)
12 345
11 310
10 275
9 240
8 205
7 170
6 135
32. • What other numbers do you need to
know to control my diabetes?
• People with diabetes are at high risk for
heart attack and stroke.
• That is why people with diabetes need
to control their blood pressure and
cholesterol levels as well as their blood
glucose levels.
• Be smart about your heart and take
control of the ABCs of diabetes: A1C,
Blood pressure, and Cholesterol.
33. • Take Control of Your Blood Glucose.
1. Talk to your health care team about
yourA1C goals and your SMBG goals.
2. Ask for an A1C test at least twice a year.
3. Ask your health care team what your A1C
number is, what it means, what it should
be, and what you need to do to reach your
A1C goal.
4. Check your own blood glucose as often as
needed and go over the results at each visit
with your doctor and health care team.
34. 5. To keep your blood glucose under control,
eat the right foods in the right amounts.
6. Get regular physical activity as advised by
your health care team.
7. Take medicines that have been prescribed
for you.
8. Ask your health care team about your
blood pressure and cholesterol numbers
and what your goals should be.