Development programmes -sevagram,marthandam project,firka development scheme,etawahpilot project, nilokheri project

1. Lecture – IV
Dr. J. Meenambigai
Associate Professor
Department of Agricultural Extension
Faculty of Agriculture , Annamalai University

2. Sevagram
Individual responsible Mahatma Gandhiji
Year 1921
Place Sevagram in the district of
Wardha, Madhya pradesh
Objective The service to the under
privileged with a sense of
dedication.

3. Sevagram
• The main objective of this programme was to
prevent the economic and social suppression of
the people and to create the feeling of
patriotism among them and they must think
that this is their own country.
• For fulfilling this objective, Gandhiji made a
programme, which became famous as
“Gandhian Constructive Programme.”

4. Sevagram
The main objectives of this project were:
(1) to use khadi clothes,
(2) to introduce Health Programme,
(3) the programme of sanitation in the village,
(4) the programme of women welfare,
(5) the programme of economic help,
(6) to uplift the backward classes,
(7) primary and adult educational programmes,
(8) to improve the conditions of poor people,
(9) programme of social harmony, and
(10) to popularize the mother tongue and other national
dialects.

5. Marthandam Project
This project of rural development was
initiated in the village Marthendom near
Trivenduram of Kerala State by Young Men
Christian Association (Y.M.C.A) and Christian
Church Association under the direction of Dr.
Spencer Hatch in 1928.
This village was undeveloped economically
and the economic condition of the native
majority was poor.

6. Marthandam Project
Here, people used to cultivate only paddy and
coconut on some places. For exploiting this
weakness, it was thought that some
developmental work should be done, so that
the Christian faith could spread.
 Consequently Dr. Hatch made agreement
with Y.M.C.A. and the Church for his work and
initiated this project in neighbouring village
Marthendom.

7. Marthandam Project
The main objectives of this project were:
Spiritual Development
Mental Development
Physical Development
Social Development
Economic Development

8. Marthandam Project
Methods :
From the demonstration Centre at
Marthandam, about hundred villages
were covered through Y.M.C.A Centres
in villages.

9. Marthandam Project
Limitations :
• Lack of adequate funds
• Lack of Government support
• Lack of continuous contact with the villagers
as the worker were required to return to the
Centres in the evenings.
• The religious standing of the institutions.

10. Firka Development Scheme
 The government of Madras (now Tamil
Nadu) decided to make efforts for the
development of villages at Firka level. The
first programme began in 1946. Among Pre-
Independence project, this was the biggest
project.

11. Firka Development Scheme
Objectives:
 All-round development of rural people.
 To develop the means of drinking water and
communication.
 To develop the committees of panchayat and co-
operatives.
 To develop animal husbandry, farming and
irrigation facilities.
 To introduce khadi and cottage industry.

12. Firka Development Scheme
Scope:
To select Firkas (villages) considering the
possibilities for development in the
production of handloom cloth and other
cottage industries and alleviating
backwardness.
This work was started from 34 to 84 Firkas till
1950.

13. Firka Development Scheme
Limitations :
These efforts were found restricted in scope.
Lack of coordination between officials of the
various departments
Lack of support from the central authority

14. Etawah pilot project
Individual : Lt. Col. Albert Mayer of
U.S.A
Year : 1948
Place : Mahlwa village about
eleven miles from
Etawah in the pradesh.

15. Etawah pilot project
Objectives:
• To see the extent of improvement possible in
production, social improvement, development of
initiative, self-compliance and co-operation in an
average district.
• How quickly results could be achieved.
• Whether results achieved could be permanent and can
be transferable to other areas.
• Gain and grow confidence of the villagers.
• Build up a sense of community living.
• Build up a spirit of self-help in the villagers so that
they can carry on their programme independently.

16. Etawah pilot project
Execution :
Full cooperation of other departments was
enlisted and demonstrations were conducted.

17. Etawah pilot project
Result :
The project was found successful and the
pattern was accepted for the starting of
Community Development Project.
Villagers participated very well.
The rough planning and an integrated approach
to village life.

18. Nilokheri Project
 In 1948, Shree S.K.Dey prepared this project for
the purpose of providing residence for 700
immigrants from Pakistan.
 He began this project using 100 acre of swampy
land spreading in the midst of Karnal and
Kurukshetra.
 The name of this project was “Majdoor Manzil”.
The director of this project was Shree S.K. Dey.
 He went on to become the Union Minister of
Community Development in 1965.

19. Nilokheri Project
Objectives:
Self-dependence in all the fields of life.
To arrange for professional training and provide
occupation for the people on the basis of their
experience.
To eliminate the middle-man system.

20. Nilokheri Project
Scope:
The work was done in 100 villages near
Nilokheri.
To establish the village level workers, social
development officer and block development
officer.
The development and popularization of co-
operative Institutions.
The facility for entertainment.
The effort to establish a socialist society.

21. Thank You