This article overviews the history of development of driverless vehicles both in Russia and the World. Foreign experience of development of driverless vehicles, including electric traction, is analyzed. Main stages of creation of experimental NAMI driverless electric vehicle are revised. Main engineering solutions are described concerning development of advanced NAMI driverless electric vehicle, its major components and control systems. Projects aimed at environmental safety of passengers in NAMI driverless electric vehicle are exemplified. Results of bench scale and running tests of NAMI driverless electric vehicle are summarized. Major advantages of driverless energy efficient and environmentally clean transport are demonstrated.
This document discusses automotive electronic systems and the various sensors used in modern vehicles. It begins by outlining several disciplines in automotive engineering such as safety, fuel economy, vehicle dynamics, and vehicle electronics. It then provides more details on specific sensors used for functions like engine monitoring, driver information, safety, and vehicle control. These include oxygen, oil, fuel level, speed, and temperature sensors. The document also discusses emerging in-vehicle networks used to connect electronic components and the various protocols used, including CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and MOST. It outlines the need for advanced sensor technologies and networking to enable more autonomous vehicle features in the future.
Smart vehicle and smart signboard system with zonal speed regulationIAEME Publication
To control the accident highway department have placed the signboards. Increasing number of accidents at busy junctions are a major threat faced by today’s world. Nowadays people are driving very fast; we lost our valuable life by making small mistake while driving (school zone, hills area, and highways). Most of accidents are occur due to two wheelers Speed control is required at busy junctions.
The document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics or "autotronics". It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section outlines major milestones from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern innovations in infotainment and connectivity. The body details various electronic systems in braking, steering, suspension, transmission, and engine/fuel systems. It concludes by discussing ongoing research in active safety systems, vehicle communication, and adaptive technologies.
Autotronics: improving the vehicles performances.Vishal Jadhav
This document discusses how automotive electronics, or autotronics, improve vehicle performance. It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. It then discusses several vehicle systems assisted by autotronics, including braking, steering, transmission, and fuel injection. For each system, it provides details on the electronic components that help control and optimize performance, such as ABS and traction control for braking. The document concludes that modern vehicles contain numerous electronic control units and that continued innovation in automotive electronics will further improve vehicle performance.
This document summarizes the topic of automotive mechatronics or "autotronics". It begins with definitions of autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section outlines the development of electronic systems in vehicles from the 1970s to present day. Several automobile systems are described that utilize electronics including braking, steering, suspension, transmission, engine fuel injection. The document concludes that electronic systems in vehicles will continue advancing as consumers demand more features.
Architecture & data acquisition by embedded systems in automobiles seminar pptAnkit Kaul
The document discusses the architecture of digital services provided by embedded systems in automobiles. It describes how embedded devices like VACT collect sensor data from vehicles and transmit it over networks to backend servers for remote diagnostics and predictive maintenance. The architecture spans different layers, with embedded devices following modular characteristics, while transmission networks and algorithms like COSMO for data analysis exhibit properties of layered modular architectures. The digital services have their own layers within the embedded devices, but algorithms like COSMO can also operate independently from the devices.
This document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics, or autotronics. It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section then outlines the timeline of electronic developments in automobiles from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern technologies like infotainment systems, GPS, and wireless connectivity. The document proceeds to describe several major automobile systems that utilize electronics, including braking, steering, suspension, transmission, and engine fuel injection systems. It provides examples of technologies like ABS, electric power steering, active suspension, electronic transmission control, and electronic fuel injection. The document concludes by discussing future research areas in automotive electronics.
This document discusses automotive electronic systems and the various sensors used in modern vehicles. It begins by outlining several disciplines in automotive engineering such as safety, fuel economy, vehicle dynamics, and vehicle electronics. It then provides more details on specific sensors used for functions like engine monitoring, driver information, safety, and vehicle control. These include oxygen, oil, fuel level, speed, and temperature sensors. The document also discusses emerging in-vehicle networks used to connect electronic components and the various protocols used, including CAN, LIN, FlexRay, and MOST. It outlines the need for advanced sensor technologies and networking to enable more autonomous vehicle features in the future.
Smart vehicle and smart signboard system with zonal speed regulationIAEME Publication
To control the accident highway department have placed the signboards. Increasing number of accidents at busy junctions are a major threat faced by today’s world. Nowadays people are driving very fast; we lost our valuable life by making small mistake while driving (school zone, hills area, and highways). Most of accidents are occur due to two wheelers Speed control is required at busy junctions.
The document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics or "autotronics". It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section outlines major milestones from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern innovations in infotainment and connectivity. The body details various electronic systems in braking, steering, suspension, transmission, and engine/fuel systems. It concludes by discussing ongoing research in active safety systems, vehicle communication, and adaptive technologies.
Autotronics: improving the vehicles performances.Vishal Jadhav
This document discusses how automotive electronics, or autotronics, improve vehicle performance. It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. It then discusses several vehicle systems assisted by autotronics, including braking, steering, transmission, and fuel injection. For each system, it provides details on the electronic components that help control and optimize performance, such as ABS and traction control for braking. The document concludes that modern vehicles contain numerous electronic control units and that continued innovation in automotive electronics will further improve vehicle performance.
This document summarizes the topic of automotive mechatronics or "autotronics". It begins with definitions of autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section outlines the development of electronic systems in vehicles from the 1970s to present day. Several automobile systems are described that utilize electronics including braking, steering, suspension, transmission, engine fuel injection. The document concludes that electronic systems in vehicles will continue advancing as consumers demand more features.
Architecture & data acquisition by embedded systems in automobiles seminar pptAnkit Kaul
The document discusses the architecture of digital services provided by embedded systems in automobiles. It describes how embedded devices like VACT collect sensor data from vehicles and transmit it over networks to backend servers for remote diagnostics and predictive maintenance. The architecture spans different layers, with embedded devices following modular characteristics, while transmission networks and algorithms like COSMO for data analysis exhibit properties of layered modular architectures. The digital services have their own layers within the embedded devices, but algorithms like COSMO can also operate independently from the devices.
This document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics, or autotronics. It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section then outlines the timeline of electronic developments in automobiles from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern technologies like infotainment systems, GPS, and wireless connectivity. The document proceeds to describe several major automobile systems that utilize electronics, including braking, steering, suspension, transmission, and engine fuel injection systems. It provides examples of technologies like ABS, electric power steering, active suspension, electronic transmission control, and electronic fuel injection. The document concludes by discussing future research areas in automotive electronics.
Sensing in automotive powertrain and braking systemsamged radhi
This document discusses sensors and electronic systems used in automotive powertrains and braking. It begins with an introduction of automotive electronics and sensors, then discusses key sensors for gasoline and diesel engines like mass air flow and oxygen sensors. It also covers electronic braking systems like ABS, EBD, traction control, and electronic stability control. The document emphasizes how these systems and their sensors improve vehicle safety, emissions and fuel efficiency to meet increasingly stringent regulations.
Automotive electronics have doubled silicon content in the last decade and will double again in the next five years. Electronics provide safety and convenience features throughout vehicles, including climate control, cruise control, traction control, and more. Cruise control uses vehicle speed sensors and the throttle actuator to maintain a set speed. Challenges include protecting against malfunctions. GPS provides navigation and location services in vehicles. Future trends include higher vehicle voltages, hands-free parking, intelligent headlamps, and faster onboard processing.
The document discusses various advanced automotive technologies used to improve fuel efficiency, including automated manual transmissions (AMT) and continuously variable transmissions (CVT) that reduce driveline losses. It also describes integrated starter/generator (ISG) systems that turn off the engine at stops to reduce idling losses and use regenerative braking to recover braking energy. The document provides details on how anti-lock braking systems and airbags work to improve vehicle safety.
This document provides an overview of electronic control units (ECUs) in automobiles. It describes what an ECU is, its basic hardware components including a microprocessor and sensors, and how it operates using closed-loop control to monitor sensor outputs and control engine inputs. The document also discusses the AUTOSAR architecture for standardized ECU software, and some applications of ECUs like engine mapping and anti-lock braking systems. It notes challenges in designing robust ECUs that can withstand vehicle vibrations and temperature variations.
The document discusses the U.S. proposal to evaluate Battery Management Systems (BMS) in electric and hybrid vehicles under failure and abuse conditions. It proposes testing the BMS response to overcharging, over-discharging, and extreme temperatures. This will help ensure the BMS can properly protect the battery under conditions like over-current, over-voltage charging, temperature imbalances, and deep discharging that could otherwise lead to thermal runaway, cell damage, or violent failure.
Design and Implementation of Car Black box for Evidence Collection System to ...IJMTST Journal
The vehicle accident is a major public problem in many countries. It is occurred due to rider's poor
behaviors, Vehicle bad condition, bad weather situation and opposite vehicle mistakes. To predict those
situations block box concept is introduced. The concept of the Car Black Box is similar to the Flight block box
concept, which is stores the vehicle condition such as engine temperature, speed, CO2 content, it also checks
the car present condition before ignition the vehicle, brake condition, seat belt and also introduce the
automatic speed controller to avoids crashing between the vehicles. It is a low cost system which provides
solution to the existing automotive control systems. And it also monitors the vehicle current condition on
Display of LCD. The design selects ARM 7 as embedded controller, UART ( Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter) is the common peripheral found on microcontrollers widely used for communication with the
external devices and systems, I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) for on-board communication.
This document provides an overview of automotive electronics or autotronics. It discusses the history of electronics in vehicles from engine control units in the 1970s to modern innovations like GPS and wireless connectivity. The main systems involved in autotronics that improve vehicle performance are the braking, steering, suspension, transmission, and engine systems. Adaptive cruise control and airbags are two safety features that rely on electronic sensors and controls. Implementing electronics in vehicles provides advantages like improved efficiency, reliability, safety, and reduced emissions compared to mechanical systems alone.
This document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics, or autotronics. It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section then outlines the timeline of electronic developments in automobiles from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern technologies like infotainment systems, GPS, and wireless connectivity. The document proceeds to describe several major automobile systems and how electronics are used in braking, steering, suspension, transmission, engine fuel injection, and safety features like airbags and adaptive cruise control. It concludes by discussing future research areas in automotive electronics.
IRJET- Self-Reliant Railway Accident Averting Arrangeent, using MechatronicsIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed self-reliant railway accident averting system using mechatronics. It aims to address accidents caused by train derailments, improper track maintenance, collisions at level crossings, and faults in the train track. The system utilizes a PLC-based fault detection technology with vibration monitoring and ultrasonic sensors to detect breaks or cracks in the railway track in real-time. It also automates the manual gate control system at level crossings using sensors, PLC, and gear motors to open and close gates automatically when trains approach and pass to prevent collisions. This proposed accident averting arrangement seeks to introduce reliable and safe railway operations by reducing human errors and oversight compared to current manual methods.
Automotive computer controlled systemsSiddharth Dc
The document discusses various computer controlled automotive systems. It describes the electronic control unit (ECU) as the "brain" that controls engine functions like fuel injection and ignition timing based on inputs from sensors. These sensors measure things like crankshaft position, throttle position, intake pressure, air temperature and more. The ECU uses algorithms to determine spark timing and fuel levels needed. Other computer controlled systems discussed include anti-lock braking systems, airbags, speedometers, odometers, tachometers and traction control.
The document discusses different components of drive-by-wire systems for vehicles, including brakes-by-wire and steering-by-wire. There are two types of brakes-by-wire systems: hydraulic/wet which uses hydraulic parts to create brake pressure, and electric/dry which uses an electric motor without hydraulic brake fluid. For steering-by-wire, sensors detect steering wheel movements and send signals to a microprocessor which commands actuators on the axles to turn the wheels. The document also provides guidelines for installing drive-by-wire hardware and concludes by suggesting improvements and additional safety systems for future iterations.
This document provides an overview of Continental Corporation and discusses some of their automotive systems and technologies. It also outlines some key requirements and constraints for automotive system development.
The document summarizes Continental as a global automotive supplier with over 140 years of innovation. It discusses their divisions and products related to chassis & safety, powertrain, interior, and tires. Examples are provided of systems for engine management, electronic stability control, and interior infotainment integration. Emerging technologies around automated driving systems are also described.
Finally, the document outlines some main requirements and constraints for automotive system development. This includes complying with legislation on emissions, safety and radio regulations. It also discusses environmental, safety, security
Our presentation attributes complete info regarding the three types of Drive by wire system i.e. Brake by wire, Electronic throttle control and Steer by wire system. Let’s find out how these 3 system works and what are the feasibilities & loopholes of Drive by wire system?
Shared Steering Control between a Driver and an Automation: Stability in the ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Now-a-days the Automatic control has been increasingly implemented for vehicle control system. Especially the steering control is essential for preventing accidents. In the existing systems there is no fully automatic steering control and it has serious problems. When it is made automatic, the system complexity is more. So, the shared steering concept is used in the proposed system to avoid accidents. In this, the position of the road is found using the web camera installed in front of the vehicle which is connected to the PC installed with MATLAB. Using MATLAB the image is processed to check the road characteristics. This paper presents an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for lane keeping, together with an analysis of its performance and stability with respect to variations in driver behavior. The automotive ADAS proposed is designed to share control of the steering wheel with the driver in the best possible way. Its development was derived from an H2-Preview optimization control problem, which is based on a global driver–vehicle–road (DVR) system. The DVR model makes use of a cybernetic driver model to take into account any driver–vehicle interactions. Such a formulation allows 1) Considering driver assistance cooperation criteria in the control synthesis, 2) improving the performance of the assistance as a cooperative copilot, and 3) analyzing the stability of the whole system in the presence of driver model uncertainty. The developed assistance system improved lane-keeping performance and reduced the risk of a lane departure accident. Good results were obtained using several criteria for human–machine cooperation. Poor stability situations were successfully avoided due to the robustness of the whole system, in spite of a large range of driver model uncertainty.
Intelligent transport system (its) [autosaved]Krishna Bhola
The document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS uses advanced technologies like wireless communication, computational technologies, and sensing technologies to improve transportation systems by making them more efficient and safer. Some applications of ITS discussed are electronic toll collection, GPS navigation systems, emergency vehicle notification, automatic road enforcement, and dynamic traffic light sequencing. The benefits of ITS include reduced traffic congestion, accidents, and fuel consumption. However, ITS technologies can be costly to implement and maintain.
Tracking vehicles is becoming more essential in the present world of logistics
market, as delay in delivery and pick-up of goods is costing more especially for
startups. Keeping track of the vehicles help in managing resources in a more efficient
way, and increasing profit. The tracking must be done in a more efficient way with
less latency. This work proposes an online GPS vehicle tracking framework which
tracks vehicles continuously. This work outputs vehicles status, position and also
includes features like driver well-being by observing the level of vehicle control,
weariness anticipation utilizing the EYE-BLINK and MEMS sensor. The proposed
system stores the complete details about the travel of a vehicle like the route, distance
travelled, driver control over the vehicle, and the cautions happened. This work will
help in understanding the condition of the vehicle and the driver efficiency also
This report study the
autonomous vehicles history,
present & future. And give a
quick look over their theory of
operating and their effects on
the economic and energy usage
This helps you to know the advance technology of automotive.
The Engine operations are managed and controlled electronics in terms of proper mixing controlling distribution and injecting or igniting of air and fuel mixture to achieve high performance, low emission intelligent engine.
Transportation technology encompasses a variety of systems that enable different modes of transportation. These include the internal combustion engine, which converts fuel into motion through combustion; electronics systems like ignition and computer controls; and mechanical systems like steering, suspension, transmission, cooling and exhaust. Transportation plays a crucial economic role but also has environmental impacts that technologies aim to address.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
ASYNCHRONOUS DRIVE CONTROL OF A TRACTION VEHICLE USING TCMS SYSTEMIAEME Publication
In the last years in Poland, the intense developmen t of the power supply technology and the control systems of traction vehicles drives has bee n observed. The systems developed in Poland provide maximum efficiency and minimum energy losses during train exploitation. In this paper we present the Train Control and Monitoring System (TC MS) simulator, which realizes complex and reliable service of a supervised unit. The simulator was designed and constructed within the framework of cooperation between the Kazimierz Pula ski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom and MEDCOM Ltd Company with head office in Warsaw. The simulator was installed in the Laboratory of the Ukrainian Academy of Railway Transport in Kharkov under the project, which was co-financed within the framework of the program of Polish developmental cooperation by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland.
Design and Analysis of Solar-Powered Smart Electric Car with Accidental safet...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a solar-powered smart electric car with an accidental safety system. The proposed electric car design aims to reduce pollution by running entirely on solar energy collected from onboard solar panels, eliminating the need for charging stations. The car is made with a 4WD design for stability on uneven terrain. It incorporates multiple sensors to continuously monitor the vehicle's condition and send data to the cloud to prevent breakdowns. Additionally, safety features like collision avoidance and GPS tracking are implemented. The document provides details on the various components used in the car's design like the motor, microcontroller, batteries, chassis materials and drive train. It also describes the working principle and methodology adopted for the project, including fabricating the chassis
Sensing in automotive powertrain and braking systemsamged radhi
This document discusses sensors and electronic systems used in automotive powertrains and braking. It begins with an introduction of automotive electronics and sensors, then discusses key sensors for gasoline and diesel engines like mass air flow and oxygen sensors. It also covers electronic braking systems like ABS, EBD, traction control, and electronic stability control. The document emphasizes how these systems and their sensors improve vehicle safety, emissions and fuel efficiency to meet increasingly stringent regulations.
Automotive electronics have doubled silicon content in the last decade and will double again in the next five years. Electronics provide safety and convenience features throughout vehicles, including climate control, cruise control, traction control, and more. Cruise control uses vehicle speed sensors and the throttle actuator to maintain a set speed. Challenges include protecting against malfunctions. GPS provides navigation and location services in vehicles. Future trends include higher vehicle voltages, hands-free parking, intelligent headlamps, and faster onboard processing.
The document discusses various advanced automotive technologies used to improve fuel efficiency, including automated manual transmissions (AMT) and continuously variable transmissions (CVT) that reduce driveline losses. It also describes integrated starter/generator (ISG) systems that turn off the engine at stops to reduce idling losses and use regenerative braking to recover braking energy. The document provides details on how anti-lock braking systems and airbags work to improve vehicle safety.
This document provides an overview of electronic control units (ECUs) in automobiles. It describes what an ECU is, its basic hardware components including a microprocessor and sensors, and how it operates using closed-loop control to monitor sensor outputs and control engine inputs. The document also discusses the AUTOSAR architecture for standardized ECU software, and some applications of ECUs like engine mapping and anti-lock braking systems. It notes challenges in designing robust ECUs that can withstand vehicle vibrations and temperature variations.
The document discusses the U.S. proposal to evaluate Battery Management Systems (BMS) in electric and hybrid vehicles under failure and abuse conditions. It proposes testing the BMS response to overcharging, over-discharging, and extreme temperatures. This will help ensure the BMS can properly protect the battery under conditions like over-current, over-voltage charging, temperature imbalances, and deep discharging that could otherwise lead to thermal runaway, cell damage, or violent failure.
Design and Implementation of Car Black box for Evidence Collection System to ...IJMTST Journal
The vehicle accident is a major public problem in many countries. It is occurred due to rider's poor
behaviors, Vehicle bad condition, bad weather situation and opposite vehicle mistakes. To predict those
situations block box concept is introduced. The concept of the Car Black Box is similar to the Flight block box
concept, which is stores the vehicle condition such as engine temperature, speed, CO2 content, it also checks
the car present condition before ignition the vehicle, brake condition, seat belt and also introduce the
automatic speed controller to avoids crashing between the vehicles. It is a low cost system which provides
solution to the existing automotive control systems. And it also monitors the vehicle current condition on
Display of LCD. The design selects ARM 7 as embedded controller, UART ( Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter) is the common peripheral found on microcontrollers widely used for communication with the
external devices and systems, I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) for on-board communication.
This document provides an overview of automotive electronics or autotronics. It discusses the history of electronics in vehicles from engine control units in the 1970s to modern innovations like GPS and wireless connectivity. The main systems involved in autotronics that improve vehicle performance are the braking, steering, suspension, transmission, and engine systems. Adaptive cruise control and airbags are two safety features that rely on electronic sensors and controls. Implementing electronics in vehicles provides advantages like improved efficiency, reliability, safety, and reduced emissions compared to mechanical systems alone.
This document discusses the history and applications of automotive electronics, or autotronics. It begins with an introduction defining autotronics as the combination of automobiles and electronics. The history section then outlines the timeline of electronic developments in automobiles from the 1970s introduction of engine controls to modern technologies like infotainment systems, GPS, and wireless connectivity. The document proceeds to describe several major automobile systems and how electronics are used in braking, steering, suspension, transmission, engine fuel injection, and safety features like airbags and adaptive cruise control. It concludes by discussing future research areas in automotive electronics.
IRJET- Self-Reliant Railway Accident Averting Arrangeent, using MechatronicsIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed self-reliant railway accident averting system using mechatronics. It aims to address accidents caused by train derailments, improper track maintenance, collisions at level crossings, and faults in the train track. The system utilizes a PLC-based fault detection technology with vibration monitoring and ultrasonic sensors to detect breaks or cracks in the railway track in real-time. It also automates the manual gate control system at level crossings using sensors, PLC, and gear motors to open and close gates automatically when trains approach and pass to prevent collisions. This proposed accident averting arrangement seeks to introduce reliable and safe railway operations by reducing human errors and oversight compared to current manual methods.
Automotive computer controlled systemsSiddharth Dc
The document discusses various computer controlled automotive systems. It describes the electronic control unit (ECU) as the "brain" that controls engine functions like fuel injection and ignition timing based on inputs from sensors. These sensors measure things like crankshaft position, throttle position, intake pressure, air temperature and more. The ECU uses algorithms to determine spark timing and fuel levels needed. Other computer controlled systems discussed include anti-lock braking systems, airbags, speedometers, odometers, tachometers and traction control.
The document discusses different components of drive-by-wire systems for vehicles, including brakes-by-wire and steering-by-wire. There are two types of brakes-by-wire systems: hydraulic/wet which uses hydraulic parts to create brake pressure, and electric/dry which uses an electric motor without hydraulic brake fluid. For steering-by-wire, sensors detect steering wheel movements and send signals to a microprocessor which commands actuators on the axles to turn the wheels. The document also provides guidelines for installing drive-by-wire hardware and concludes by suggesting improvements and additional safety systems for future iterations.
This document provides an overview of Continental Corporation and discusses some of their automotive systems and technologies. It also outlines some key requirements and constraints for automotive system development.
The document summarizes Continental as a global automotive supplier with over 140 years of innovation. It discusses their divisions and products related to chassis & safety, powertrain, interior, and tires. Examples are provided of systems for engine management, electronic stability control, and interior infotainment integration. Emerging technologies around automated driving systems are also described.
Finally, the document outlines some main requirements and constraints for automotive system development. This includes complying with legislation on emissions, safety and radio regulations. It also discusses environmental, safety, security
Our presentation attributes complete info regarding the three types of Drive by wire system i.e. Brake by wire, Electronic throttle control and Steer by wire system. Let’s find out how these 3 system works and what are the feasibilities & loopholes of Drive by wire system?
Shared Steering Control between a Driver and an Automation: Stability in the ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Now-a-days the Automatic control has been increasingly implemented for vehicle control system. Especially the steering control is essential for preventing accidents. In the existing systems there is no fully automatic steering control and it has serious problems. When it is made automatic, the system complexity is more. So, the shared steering concept is used in the proposed system to avoid accidents. In this, the position of the road is found using the web camera installed in front of the vehicle which is connected to the PC installed with MATLAB. Using MATLAB the image is processed to check the road characteristics. This paper presents an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) for lane keeping, together with an analysis of its performance and stability with respect to variations in driver behavior. The automotive ADAS proposed is designed to share control of the steering wheel with the driver in the best possible way. Its development was derived from an H2-Preview optimization control problem, which is based on a global driver–vehicle–road (DVR) system. The DVR model makes use of a cybernetic driver model to take into account any driver–vehicle interactions. Such a formulation allows 1) Considering driver assistance cooperation criteria in the control synthesis, 2) improving the performance of the assistance as a cooperative copilot, and 3) analyzing the stability of the whole system in the presence of driver model uncertainty. The developed assistance system improved lane-keeping performance and reduced the risk of a lane departure accident. Good results were obtained using several criteria for human–machine cooperation. Poor stability situations were successfully avoided due to the robustness of the whole system, in spite of a large range of driver model uncertainty.
Intelligent transport system (its) [autosaved]Krishna Bhola
The document discusses Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). ITS uses advanced technologies like wireless communication, computational technologies, and sensing technologies to improve transportation systems by making them more efficient and safer. Some applications of ITS discussed are electronic toll collection, GPS navigation systems, emergency vehicle notification, automatic road enforcement, and dynamic traffic light sequencing. The benefits of ITS include reduced traffic congestion, accidents, and fuel consumption. However, ITS technologies can be costly to implement and maintain.
Tracking vehicles is becoming more essential in the present world of logistics
market, as delay in delivery and pick-up of goods is costing more especially for
startups. Keeping track of the vehicles help in managing resources in a more efficient
way, and increasing profit. The tracking must be done in a more efficient way with
less latency. This work proposes an online GPS vehicle tracking framework which
tracks vehicles continuously. This work outputs vehicles status, position and also
includes features like driver well-being by observing the level of vehicle control,
weariness anticipation utilizing the EYE-BLINK and MEMS sensor. The proposed
system stores the complete details about the travel of a vehicle like the route, distance
travelled, driver control over the vehicle, and the cautions happened. This work will
help in understanding the condition of the vehicle and the driver efficiency also
This report study the
autonomous vehicles history,
present & future. And give a
quick look over their theory of
operating and their effects on
the economic and energy usage
This helps you to know the advance technology of automotive.
The Engine operations are managed and controlled electronics in terms of proper mixing controlling distribution and injecting or igniting of air and fuel mixture to achieve high performance, low emission intelligent engine.
Transportation technology encompasses a variety of systems that enable different modes of transportation. These include the internal combustion engine, which converts fuel into motion through combustion; electronics systems like ignition and computer controls; and mechanical systems like steering, suspension, transmission, cooling and exhaust. Transportation plays a crucial economic role but also has environmental impacts that technologies aim to address.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
ASYNCHRONOUS DRIVE CONTROL OF A TRACTION VEHICLE USING TCMS SYSTEMIAEME Publication
In the last years in Poland, the intense developmen t of the power supply technology and the control systems of traction vehicles drives has bee n observed. The systems developed in Poland provide maximum efficiency and minimum energy losses during train exploitation. In this paper we present the Train Control and Monitoring System (TC MS) simulator, which realizes complex and reliable service of a supervised unit. The simulator was designed and constructed within the framework of cooperation between the Kazimierz Pula ski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom and MEDCOM Ltd Company with head office in Warsaw. The simulator was installed in the Laboratory of the Ukrainian Academy of Railway Transport in Kharkov under the project, which was co-financed within the framework of the program of Polish developmental cooperation by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland.
Design and Analysis of Solar-Powered Smart Electric Car with Accidental safet...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a solar-powered smart electric car with an accidental safety system. The proposed electric car design aims to reduce pollution by running entirely on solar energy collected from onboard solar panels, eliminating the need for charging stations. The car is made with a 4WD design for stability on uneven terrain. It incorporates multiple sensors to continuously monitor the vehicle's condition and send data to the cloud to prevent breakdowns. Additionally, safety features like collision avoidance and GPS tracking are implemented. The document provides details on the various components used in the car's design like the motor, microcontroller, batteries, chassis materials and drive train. It also describes the working principle and methodology adopted for the project, including fabricating the chassis
PROGNOSTIC - ADAPTIVE INTELLIGENT DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR VEHICL.docxgertrudebellgrove
" PROGNOSTIC " - ADAPTIVE INTELLIGENT DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR VEHICLES
A. A. Poddubnaya, A. V. Keller
FSUE "NAMI", Moscow, Russian Federation
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract. The article contains general information about promising vehicle diagnostic systems. Existing diagnostic systems, including those built into modern vehicles (TS), are not able to predict the moment of failure of components and assemblies, but only state the fact of a malfunction. To diagnose the current state and forecast the residual life of the vehicle in motion mode, it is proposed to use a mathematical model based on machine learning technologies and data from standard and additional sensors, vehicle detectors. Using this approach will make it possible to forecast the occurrence of a defect before its actual occurrence.
Keywords: advanced diagnostic systems, autonomous vehicle, connected cars, unmanned vehicles, technical condition monitoring, mechanical failure detection, fault prediction, sensors, detectors, digital data processing methods
Introduction
For autonomous transport and connected vehicles, diagnostic of the vehicle’s technical condition is a basic safety standard. * The issue of determining the mechanical failure of an autonomous vehicle is extremely relevant, due to the lack of a driver who can appreciate uncharacteristic noises or external vibrations. Errors received from the vehicle’s CAN bus are not sufficiently informative in assessing the current state of the vehicle and do not predict a breakdown or a failure. For a driverless vehicle, at the stage of its design, an expanded self-diagnosis system should be laid. During operation, onboard the vehicle, data from sensors and a reliability monitoring system should be processed and further data transferred to the ITS - intelligent transport system, as well as to the servers of owners and manufacturers. (* according to researches of the European Commission.)
Main part
Almost all modern cars are modified with a variety of full-time detecting devices and sensors, fixing faults and operation errors of some nodes by electrical parameters and fixing “extreme” system states in codes. Error icons appear on the vehicle dashboard when the system diagnoses a fault. If the driver notes the incorrect operation of certain nodes, systems and you need to make sure in what, really technical condition is the transport, then a specialized diagnosis is carried out. To clarify the technical condition, the computer diagnostics of the vehicle is performed by a certified technical specialist: a scanner with software is connected to the on-board systems, through special diagnostic connectors, CAN, which reads all the codes and errors transmitted by the car about possible malfunctions on the main nodes. Error codes are currently vendor specific, are set by OEM and are available for reading and monitoring in a limited list of codes. The received codes are decrypted by specialists, again using special ...
Advance Drive Interface, Brake Health MonitorIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed brake health monitor system that would provide drivers with information about the condition of their vehicle's braking system. The system uses sensors to measure brake fluid pressure and disc temperature. It transmits the sensor data wirelessly via an Arduino microcontroller to a dashboard-mounted touchscreen interface. The interface displays real-time readings of brake pressure, temperature, and alerts the driver of any issues detected, such as fluid leaks. The system was modeled and simulated in Simulink to test how it would function and identify pressure leaks. Its goal is to help prevent accidents caused by undetected brake failures.
Conversion of an I.C. engine powertrain to Electric powertrain of an All- Ter...IRJET Journal
The document discusses converting the powertrain of an all-terrain vehicle from an internal combustion engine to an electric powertrain, including installing a battery management system. It provides details on the components of the electric powertrain system, such as the battery, motor, motor controller, gearbox, and how they interact. It also discusses advantages and limitations of battery management systems, presents analytical results of the system design, and concludes that the converted all-terrain vehicle can run for approximately 4 hours and 10 minutes on a fully charged battery.
IRJET- Intelligent Braking System for AutomobilesIRJET Journal
The document describes an intelligent braking system for automobiles that uses GPS to govern vehicle speed in accident-prone zones. The system includes an electronic brake control module, Bluetooth module, Arduino microcontroller, and GPS/smartphone module. It works by using the GPS to determine the vehicle's location and sending that data to the microcontroller via Bluetooth. The microcontroller processes the data and controls the brakes to limit speed in zones with assigned speed limits, like near schools or hospitals, in order to help reduce accidents. The goal of the system is to help enforce speed limits and reduce accidents by governing vehicle speed through electronic braking control.
Control systems project report (180501008)(180501016)(180501018)(180501020)khang31
A cruise control system for an electric vehicle has been modeled in MATLAB Simulink. A PI controller controls torque and a PID controller controls speed. The effect of the controllers and different inputs were analyzed. With both controllers, the system became stable, while it was unstable with no controllers. Step, ramp, and sine wave inputs all stabilized. Key parameters like peak time, rise time, and settling time were calculated from the output.
IRJET- Automatic Reverse Breaking System for TrolleyIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed automatic reverse braking system for vehicles. The system uses sensors to detect obstacles behind a vehicle in reverse and automatically applies the brakes to prevent collisions. It is meant to address the problem of accidents that occur during reversing due to difficulties detecting objects or careless driving. The system would process sensor data and control the vehicle brakes to maintain a safe distance from any detected objects. It proposes implementing the control logic on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) microcontroller. The goal is to design a reliable automatic braking system that prevents injuries from reversing collisions by quickly detecting obstacles and braking the vehicle.
This document describes a system for providing high speed indication and automatic braking in vehicles. It uses a solenoid valve and operational amplifier circuit to cut off the fuel supply to the engine when the vehicle's speed exceeds a set limit. When the speed limit is reached, a bulb glows and alarm sounds to warn the driver. If the driver does not slow down, the solenoid valve closes, cutting off the fuel and reducing the engine speed. The system aims to reduce road accidents caused by high speeds. It discusses the components used, including the engine, solenoid valve, speedometer, carburetor, op-amp IC, and indication panel.
Passenger Vehicle Speed Control using PID on Simulink Platform and Body Contr...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes improvements to passenger vehicle technology using modern embedded systems. It describes five applications: 1) Using a PID controller in MATLAB Simulink to control vehicle speed, 2) Adding obstacle detection and automated speed variation, 3) Adding vehicle surveillance using a Raspberry Pi camera, 4) Monitoring interior temperature and humidity using IoT, and 5) Adding a moisture sensor for safe driving assistance. The results of each application are discussed and figures are provided to illustrate simulations and setups. In conclusion, incorporating embedded systems can significantly enhance vehicle functionality, automation, safety, and driving ability.
As the rising of transportation system design, so many data logger design was developed for safety. In our country, there are
many accidents on highways. Both driver’s faults and road construction cause accidents. To reduce these condition some safety
system such as obstacle detection system, vehicle declination alarm system, temperature and smoke level display unit,
signboard warning on road sides should be used for both driver and passengers. In addition data logger system for whole
vehicle must be equipped for safety. With the implementation of PIC microcontroller as an Embedded device, this logger
design was constructed with many sensors and C# service-based database. Using Arduino boards, vehicle detection sensing
circuit, Check point radio signal sensing circuit for dangerous road sector, hall-effect magnetic wheel revolution sensing circuit
were designed to be connected with main PIC microcontroller and Personal Computer. Real time result was displayed on C#
Graphical User Interface and Vehicle data log could be easily exported to Microsoft Excel report.
Keywords -Arduino, alarm and alert system,C# service-based database, PC based control system, Vehicle data
logger.
This document summarizes a study on developing a wheel slip control system for an electric vehicle to improve traction and energy efficiency during acceleration. The study proposes a sliding mode controller and vehicle velocity estimator. Simulations using CarSim software and experiments on a test electric vehicle equipped with in-wheel motors validate that the control system enhances traction performance and reduces energy consumption compared to uncontrolled acceleration. The robust wheel slip controller and practical vehicle velocity estimation approach make use of the advantages of electric vehicle drivetrains for improved acceleration control.
IRJET - Advanced Charging Station for Electric VehiclesIRJET Journal
This document describes the design of an advanced automated charging station for electric vehicles. The charging station uses a programmable logic controller (PLC) and human-machine interface (HMI) to automate the charging process. When an electric vehicle arrives, spikes lock the vehicle in place and the driver plugs in the charger to start charging. When charging is complete, a buzzer notifies the driver and payment must be made before the spikes retract to allow the vehicle to leave. The automated system is designed to operate without human assistance and allows for more efficient charging of electric vehicles.
Accident Prevention System by Automatic Pneumatic BumperIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on an automatic pneumatic bumper system to prevent vehicle accidents. The system uses infrared sensors to detect when another vehicle is approaching, which triggers a solenoid valve to release compressed air into a pneumatic cylinder. This extends the vehicle's bumper to increase the crashing distance and reduce impact in the event of a collision. The system is intended to improve vehicle safety by automatically applying the brakes sooner and keeping a safer distance between vehicles. It was designed, constructed and tested by six students and their professor to validate its ability to help avoid accidents and minimize vehicle and passenger damage when crashes do occur.
IRJET- Automatic Metro Train to Shuttle Between Two Stations IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the development of an automatic metro train prototype that shuttles between two stations without a driver. The prototype uses an Arduino controller programmed to stop the train at each station based on signals from infrared sensors. It counts the number of passengers entering and exiting to ensure the train does not exceed capacity. When the train reaches a station, it automatically stops, opens the doors for a set time, then closes the doors and proceeds to the next station according to a predefined schedule. The goal is to develop a framework for a driverless train using sensors and a microcontroller that can safely and reliably transport passengers between stations.
This document summarizes an electro-hydraulic braking system designed for autonomous vehicles. The system was developed to allow computer control of braking in addition to the original braking circuit for increased safety. It uses a pump and valves to permit control signals from the computer to stop the car independently of the original brakes. Tests showed the system could brake the vehicle similarly to a human driver without interfering with the existing brakes.
The document proposes a wheel slip control system using a sliding mode controller to improve traction and energy efficiency for electric vehicles. It describes developing a sliding mode controller and vehicle velocity estimator to actively control driving wheels and prevent wheel spin. Simulation and experimental results using an electric vehicle with in-wheel motors demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed traction control system in improving performance and reducing energy consumption during acceleration.
Paper No.19-0277-O
Improving the Effectiveness of Active Safety Systems to Significantly Reduce Accidents with Vulnerable Road Users - The Project Prospect (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and Cyclists)
ILONA CIEŚLIK
IDIADA Automotive Technology, Spain
JORDANKA KOVACEVA
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
MARIE-PIERRE BRUYAS
Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l’Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), France
DAVID R. LARGE
University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
MARTIN KUNERT
Robert Bosch GmbH, Germany
SEBASTIAN KREBS
Daimler AG, Germany MAXIM ARBITMANN
Continental Teves AG & Co.OHG, Germany
Manuscript next generation advanced driver assistance systems towards the pro...Ilona Anna Cieslik
This document summarizes a research project called PROSPECT that aims to improve active safety systems for protecting vulnerable road users like cyclists and pedestrians. The project will develop and test new sensor and control technologies on three vehicle demonstrators. Key findings from accident analyses were used to identify the most common accident scenarios and develop test cases to evaluate the demonstrator vehicles. Naturalistic observations of vehicle-cyclist and vehicle-pedestrian interactions were also conducted. The demonstrator vehicles will feature expanded sensor fields of view, improved detection and classification of vulnerable road users, and controls that can automatically steer or brake to avoid collisions. The goal is to enhance safety and address limitations of current systems through innovative sensing and reaction capabilities.
Similar to Development of Russian Driverless Electric Vehicle (20)
A Secure Data Transmission Scheme using Asymmetric Semi-Homomorphic Encryptio...IJAAS Team
The compressive detecting based information accumulation accomplishes with high exactness in information recuperation from less inspection which is available in sensor nodes. In this manner, the existing methods available in the literature diminish the information gathering cost and delays the existence cycle of WSNs. In this paper, a strong achievable security model for sensor network applications was initially proposed. At that point, a secure data collection conspire was displayed based on compressive detecting, which improves the information protection by the asymmetric semi-homomorphic encryption scheme, and decreases the calculation cost by inadequate compressive grid. In this case, particularly the asymmetric mechanism decreases the trouble of mystery key circulation and administration. The proposed homomorphic encryption permits the in-arrange accumulation in cipher domain, and in this manner improves the security and accomplishes the adjustment in system stack. Further, this paper focuses on estimating various network performances such as the calculation cost and correspondence cost, which remunerates the expanding cost caused by the homomorphic encryption. A real time validation on the proposed encryption scheme using AVISPA was additionally performed and the results are satisfactory.
Lossless 4D Medical Images Compression Using Adaptive Inter Slices FilteringIJAAS Team
Recent lossless 4D medical images compression works are based on the application of techniques originated from video compression to efficiently eliminate redundancies in different dimensions of image. In this context we present a new approach of lossless 4D medical images compression which consists to application of 2D wavelet transform in spatial directions followed or not by either lifting transform or motion compensation in inter slices direction, the obtained slices are coded by 3D SPIHT. Our approach was compared with 3D SPIHT with/without motion compensation. The results show our approach offers better performance in lossless compression rate.
Coding Schemes for Implementation of Fault Tolerant Parrallel FilterIJAAS Team
Digital filters are utilized as a one of flag handling and correspondence frameworks. At times, the unwavering quality of those frameworks is basic, and blame tolerant channel executions are needed. Throughout the years, numerous systems that endeavor the channels' structure and properties to accomplish adaptation to internal failure have been proposed. As innovation scales, it empowers more unpredictable frameworks that join many channels. In those perplexing frameworks, it is regular that a portion of the channels work in parallel. A plan in view of big rectification coding has been as of late proposed to protect parallel channels. In that plan, each channel is deal with as a bit, and excess channels that go about as equality check bits are acquainted with distinguish and rectify blunders. In this short, applying coding systems to secure parallel channels is tended to in a broader manner. This decreases the assurance overhead and makes the quantity of excess channels autonomous of the quantity of parallel channels. The proposed technique is first described and then illustrated with two case studies. Finally, both the effectiveness in protecting against errors and the cost are evaluated for a field-programmable gate array implementation.
Recycling of Industrial Waste Water for the Generation of Electricity by Regu...IJAAS Team
The paper focuses on generating the renewable energy source from industrial waste water effluents. Utilizing the industrial waste water in order to generate electricity, a flow control sensor has been installed at the outlet of the tunnel which passes the waste water to the turbine. As per the need, the generation of electricity varies with respect to the flow through the use of flow control sensor. The generated electricity is then used for powering the street lights, gardening and run-way paths, during night time. The flow control sensor when integrated using IoT and cloud storage facilitates efficiency and scalability thereby providing massive utilization of energy usage.
Early Detection of High Blood Pressure and Diabetic Retinopathy on Retinal Fu...IJAAS Team
In this paper we present a lifting wavelet based CBRIR image retrieval system that uses color and texture as visual features to describe the content of a retinal fundus images. Our contribution is of three directions. First, we use lifting wavelets 9/7 for lossy and SPL5/3 for lossless to extract texture features from arbitrary shaped retinal fundus regions separated from an image to increase the system effectiveness. This process is performed offline before query processing, therefore to answer a query our system does not need to search the entire database images; instead just a number of similar class type patient images are required to be searched for image similarity. Third, to further increase the retrieval accuracy of our system, we combine the region based features extracted from image regions, with global features extracted from the whole image, which are texture using lifting wavelet and HSV color histograms. Our proposed system has the advantage of increasing the retrieval accuracy and decreasing the retrieval time. The experimental evaluation of the system is based on a db1 online retinal fundus color image database. From the experimental results, it is evident that our system performs significantly better accuracy as compared with traditional wavelet based systems. In our simulation analysis, we provide a comparison between retrieval results based on features extracted from the whole image using lossless 5/3 lifting wavelet and features extracted using lossless 9/7 lifting wavelet and using traditional wavelet. The results demonstrate that each type of feature is effective for a particular type of disease of retinal fundus images according to its semantic contents, and using lossless 5/3 lifting wavelet of them gives better retrieval results for almost all semantic classes and outperform 4-10% more accuracy than traditional wavelet.
Automation of DMPS Manufacturing by using LabView & PLCIJAAS Team
This Paper is to enable the Siemens (Programmable Logic Control) CPU 313- 5A to communicate with the Lab VIEW and to control the process accuracy by image processing. The communication between CPU 313-5A and Lab VIEW is via OPC (OLE for Process Control).Process Accuracy is achieved with the use of Labview Image Processing and Gray Scale matching Pattern. Accuracy in the gray scale matching will purely depend on the calibration of the camera with respect to the corresponding image. The digital output from the labview is communicated to PLC via Ethernet Protocol for the industrial process control. With the use of Labview the dead time while using the normal image vision module in PLC can be minimized. Labview uses the gray scale matching technique whi
Mobile Application Development with AndroidIJAAS Team
The Android is mobile platform. It is an open source and free operating system application, by Google it is developed and maintained. It was designed essentially for touch screen mobile devices, such as and tablet, computers, smart phones, watch television, cars etc. Android is one of the most widely used mobile OS. Android is a not only operating system but also key applications and middleware. Android is an open source operating system. It is developed by the open handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Those are used to android studio 2.2.3 version and development the mobile application.
Data Visualization and Analysis of Engineering Educational StatisticsxIJAAS Team
Engineering, is one of the most popular fields of higher education in the modern day world. Majority of the students these days opt for engineering as a career, due to the vastness of choices provided by engineering. Mechanical, Electrical, Computer Science, Civil and Biotechnology are the various disciplines and have varying strength in terms of number of students who join a particular discipline. In this research, we have gather data from various published articles about engineering education and carried out the data visualization and analysis using Tableau 9.2. The objective of the analysis is to help the students to make the decision and the choice about discipline of engineering from which particular university would be the most suitable based on the data collected and represented. Various categories of statistics such as number of graduates from a particular university in a particular discipline, and which university had the maximum number of graduates in a certain year will help the students make their decisions about their future in a more easy and a sorted manner.
Requirement Elicitation Model (REM) in the Context of Global Software Develop...IJAAS Team
Contxext:Requirement elicitation is difficult and critical phase of requirement engineering and the case is worst in global software development (GSD). The study is about requirement elicitation in the context of GSD. Objective: Development of requirement elicitation model (REM) which can address the factors that have positive impact and the factors that have negative impact during elicitation in GSD. The propose model will give solutions and practices to the challenges during elicitation. Method: Systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical research study will be used for achieving the goals and objectives. Expected outcomes: The expected results of this study will be REM that will help vendor organizations for better elicitation during GSD.
Technological development have altered the way we communicate, learn, think, share, and spread information. Mobile technologies are those that make use of wireless technologies to gain some sort of data. As mobile connectedness continues to spread across the world, the value of employing mobile technologies in the arena of learning and teaching seems to be both self-evident and unavoidable The fast deployment of mobile devices and wireless networks in university campuses makes higher education a good environment to integrate learners-centered m-learning . this paper discusses mobile learning technologies that are being used for educational purposes and the effect they have on teaching and learning methods.
Spectral Efficient Blind Channel Estimation Technique for MIMO-OFDM Communica...IJAAS Team
With emerge of increasing research in the domain of future wireless communications, massive MIMO (multiple inputs multiple outputs) attracted most of researchers interests. Massive MIMO is high-speed wireless communication standards. A channel estimation technology plays the essential role in the MIMO systems. Efficient channel estimation leads to spectral efficient wireless communications. The critics of Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) are the challenging tasks while designing the channel estimation methods. To mitigate the challenges of ISI, we proposed the novel blind channel estimation method which based on Independent component analysis (ICA) in this paper. Proposed channel estimation it works for both blind interference cancellation and ISI cancellation. The proposed Hybrid ICA (HICA) method depends on pulse shape filtering and ambiguity removal to improve the spectral efficiency and reliability for MIMO communications. The Kurtosis operation is used to measure the complex data at first to estimate the common signals. Then we exploited the advantages of 3rd and 4th order Higher Order Statistics (HOS) to priorities the common signals during the channel estimation. In this paper, we present the detailed design and evaluation of HICA blind channel estimation method. We showed the simulation results of HICA against the state-of-art techniques for channel estimation using BER, MSE, and PAPR.
An Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets Implementation for Key Distribution in Hybrid Me...IJAAS Team
This document presents a new model for securing key distribution in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) using intuitionistic fuzzy sets. The model determines the appropriate length of an intermediate encryption key based on network parameters like node count, node authentication history, trusted neighbor count, key change frequency, and desired key length. An intuitionistic fuzzy sets implementation assigns membership and non-membership values to each parameter. Based on the combinations of parameter values, intuitionistic rules output a session key scale and corresponding key length ranging from very low to very high security. The model was experimentally shown to efficiently create and distribute keys compared to other models.
Angular Symmetric Axis Constellation Model for Off-line Odia Handwritten Char...IJAAS Team
This document presents a novel approach for recognizing offline handwritten Odia characters based on angular symmetric axis feature extraction. The approach generates unique boundary points for each skeletonized character image based on angles from the image center. It then extracts row and column symmetry axes by connecting these points. Features are extracted including mean distance and angle of the row and column symmetry axes. The approach was tested on 200 Odia character images using random forest and SVM classifiers, achieving recognition accuracy of 96.3% and 98.2% respectively.
Energy and Load Aware Routing Protocol for Internet of ThingsIJAAS Team
The document proposes an Energy and Load aware Routing Protocol (EL-RPL) for Internet of Things networks. EL-RPL is an enhancement of the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) that uses a composite metric for route selection. The composite metric is calculated based on expected transmission count (ETX), load, and battery depletion index (BDI). The simulation results show that EL-RPL improves network lifetime by 8-12% and packet delivery ratio by 2-4% compared to other similar RPL protocols.
Analysis and Implementation of Unipolar PWM Strategies for Three Phase Cascad...IJAAS Team
This paper presents unipolar pulse width modulation technique with sinusoidal sampling pulse width modulation are analyzed for three-phase five-level, seven-level, nine-level and eleven-level cascaded multi-level inverter. The unipolar PWM method offers a good opportunity for the realization of the Three-phase inverter control, it is better to use the unipolar PWM method with single carrier wave compared to two reference waves. In such case the motor harmonic losses will be considerably lower.The necessary calculations for generation of unipolar pulse width modulation strategies have presented in detail. The unipolar SPWM voltage switching scheme is selected in this paper because this method offers the advantages of effectively doubling the switching frequency of the inverter voltage. The cascaded multi level inverter fed induction motor is simulated and compared the total harmonic distroction for all level (five-level, seven-level, nine-level and elevel-level)of the inverter. Theoretical investigations were confirmed by the digital simulations using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Design of an IOT based Online Monitoring Digital StethoscopeIJAAS Team
Acoustic stethoscopes have low sound levels. Digital stethoscope overcomes this issue by amplifying body sounds electronically. As the sound signals are transmitted electronically, it can be wireless and can provide noise reduction. Acoustic stethoscope can be changed into a digital stethoscope by inserting an electric capacity microphone onto its head. Heart sounds received from the microphone are processed, sampled and sound signals are converted analog to digital and sent wirelessly using the Internet of Things(IOT) techniques, so that multiple doctors can do auscultation and monitor conditions of the patient.
Cost Allocation of Reactive Power Using Matrix Methodology in Transmission Ne...IJAAS Team
This document presents a matrix methodology for allocating the costs of reactive power flows in transmission networks. The methodology traces reactive power flows through the network using Kirchhoff's current law and proportional sharing principles. It then allocates the costs of reactive power to generators and loads using the MVAr-mile method. The methodology is demonstrated on sample 6-bus and IEEE 14-bus test systems. Results show the allocated reactive power flows to different loads and the costs allocated to loads for recovery of total reactive power costs in the transmission network.
Depth Estimation from Defocused Images: a SurveyIJAAS Team
An important step in 3D data generation is the generation of depth map. Depth map is a black and white image which has exactly the same size of the original captured 2D image that indicates the relative distance of each pixel from the observer to the objects in the real world. This paper presents a survey of Depth Perception from Defocused or blurs images as well as image from motion. The change of distance of the object from the camera has direct relation with the amount of blurring of object in the image. The amount of blurring will be calculated with a comparison in front of the camera directly and can be seen with the changes at gray level around the edges of objects.
CP-NR Distributed Range Free Localization Algorithm in WSNIJAAS Team
Advancements in wireless communication technology have empowered the researchers to develop large scale wireless networks with huge number of sensor nodes. In these networks localization is very active field of research. Localization is a way to determine the physical position of sensor nodes which is useful in many aspects such as to find the origin of events, routing and network coverage. Locating nodes with GPS systems is expensive, power consuming and not applicable to indoor environments. Localization in three dimensional space and accuracy of the estimated location are two factors of major concern. In this paper, a new three dimensional Distributed range-free algorithm which is known as CP-NR is proposed. This algorithm has high localization accuracy and resolved the problem of existing NR algorithm. CP-NR (Coplanar and Projected Node Reproduction) algorithm makes use of co-planarity and projection of point on plane concepts to reduce the localization error. Results have shown that CP-NR algorithm is superior to NR algorithm and comparison is done for the localization accuracy with respect to variations in range, anchor density and node density.
Study and Optimization of a Renewable System of Small Power GenerationIJAAS Team
In this paper, a study was conducted on the sustainable development of solar and wind energy sources. The approach adopted is to exploit the two renewable resources by arriving to determine optimal configurations of photovoltaic and / or wind energy system with storage to provide electricity to a self-contained residential apartment located in the city of Tlemcen , in Algeria. The Tlemcen site showed a more favourable trend to use the photovoltaic system alone on the hybrid PV / wind system because of the low wind speeds of this site. The calculation method used is based on the monthly averages for ten consecutive years, data collected by the Tlemcen Zenâta weather station in order to have a better reliability analysis of an electric power generation system. In addition, the methods used in this study can be used to determine the optimal size of the most economical hybrid system that corresponds to any site in the world and for any requested load.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...Leonel Morgado
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
2. ISSN: 2252-8814
IJAAS Vol. 7, No. 3, September 2018: 233 – 239
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3. MAIN PART
Active development of driverless vehicles by leading foreign car manufacturers started in early
1980-s for passenger cars, freight cars, agricultural machines and military purpose vehicles, interfactory
vehicles, transport traffic in modern logistic centers and storage sites. Numerous leading car manufacturers,
such as General Motors, Ford, Mercedes Benz, Volkswagen, Audi, BMW, Volvo, are involved in
development of driverless vehicles as well as large manufacturers of components for these driverless
vehicles, such as Continental, Bosch, Delphi.
Activities on development of driverless vehicles are also performed in Russian Federation. Leading
R^D institutes, universities and car manufacturers, such as NAMI, Moscow Automobile and Road
Construction State Technical University (MADI), Moscow polytechnic university, PAO KamAZ and others.
In the years 2014-2016 State research center NAMI in Russian Federation developed, manufactured
and tested experimental electric driverless vehicle (Figure 1).
Figure 1. NAMI driverless electric vehicle (external view)
Table 1. Main Specifications of NAMI Driverless Electric Vehicle
Vehicle model LADA-Kalina 1117
Traction module
Nominal power (kW) 30
Maximum power (kW) 70
Recovery power (kW) 30
Automotive battery of traction module
Power intensity (kW*h) 13
Nominal voltage (V) 316
Maximum discharge current (A) 250
Maximum charge current (A) 100
Steering system
Type with electromechanical amplifier
Braking system
Front brakes Disc-type
Rear brakes Drum-type
Suspension
Front suspension type Samper strut
Rear suspension type Trailing arm
Car body
Length 4040 mm
Width 1700 mm
Height 1500 mm
Front track, mm 1430 mm
Rear track, mm 1410 mm
Clearance 160 mm
Curb weight 1200
Operating specifications
Acceleration time to 100 km/h 20 s
Maximum speed 120 km/h
Complete charge time (h) 6
Accelerated charge time (h) 1.5
Operating temperature (°C) - 30 … +50
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Actuating mechanisms of the NAMI driverless electric vehicle are as follows: linear actuators; servo
drive unit; steering electric amplifier.
Instruments of the driverless electric vehicle are as follows: sensor of linear motions of actuators;
linear potentiometer.
The following components are used in the machine vision system of motion control of driverless
electric vehicle: AXIS PI346 video camera; SLR 1 lidar; ultrasound sensors.
Driverless electric vehicle operates in three control modes:
1. "Driver" mode
In this mode the driverless electric vehicle is used as common electric vehicle without any restrictions.
2. "Remote control" mode
In this mode driverless electric vehicle can be controlled by PC with specialized software or by
dedicated joystick.
3. "Autonomous motion" mode
This mode is driverless control of electric vehicle by means of machine vision system and actuators.
Driverless vehicle can either move along corridor passing by obstacles; or reproduce preset trajectory; or
perform parallel parking.
Propulsion unit in the NAMI driverless electric vehicle is a Solectria Azure Dynamics 70 kW three-
phase asynchronous engine with air cooling equipped with a DMOC 445 invertor. The torque from traction
electric motor to vehicle drive wheels is transferred by means of reducer with differential. In order to avoid
overloads capable to break the reducer the reducer input shaft is connected with the shaft of traction electric
motor by overload coupling. The reducer shell is rigidly connected with the shell of traction electric motor.
The traction electric motor with the reducer in vehicle motor compartment is mounted using three-point
mounting system of power unit.
Electricity accumulation system is comprised of eight modules, each contains twelve
AMP20M1HD-A batteries - 96 battery cells in total. Nominal voltage: 316.8 V, internal impedance: 57.6 µΩ.
Control system of battery cell is located in the top part. It is comprised of four boards, each board controls 12
cells. The control system is intended for management and balancing of battery cells, for checking of integrity
of battery circuits, voltage and temperature of cells, and for data transfer to battery management system
(BMS). Special software provides connection, adjustment, and diagnostics of battery management system
from PC via COM port (USART1) or САN.
Environmental safety of passengers in the NAMI driverless electric vehicle is provided by two air
cleaning systems in passenger compartment. They are located in luggage compartment (Figure 2). Clean air
from the systems is supplied via ducts located inside the passenger compartment near front seats. In addition,
gas analyzer for monitoring of impurity content in the air is placed in the compartment. Controller of air
cleaning system is connected to the gas analyzer and the system itself. The latter operates in recirculation
mode, that is, it intakes air from the passenger compartment, cleans the air and supplies the cleaned air to the
passenger compartment. The gas analyzer transfers the data on air composition to the controller which
constantly analyzes content of harmful substance in the passenger compartment and controls operation modes
of air cleaning system [4-6].
External view of the NAMI driverless electric vehicle with installed battery cells of traction modules
installed in luggage compartment and air cleaning and distribution systems is illustrated in Figure 2.
Figure 2. NAMI driverless electric vehicle with automotive batteries of traction module installed in luggage
compartment (1) and air cleaning and distribution system in passenger compartment (2)
Autonomous motion of driverless electric vehicle is provided by motion control system including
machine vision system, navigation and orientation system, information management system, and actuators.
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The machine vision system generates the image of surroundings, provides recognition of other vehicles, road
obstructions, road signs, traffic lights, road marking [7-10]. The information management system is the core
of motion management system of NAMI driverless electric vehicle, which is responsible for route
arrangement, urgent decisions depending on surrounding traffic, and generation of control signals to
actuators. In accordance with the control signals the actuators directly act upon units and systems of NAMI
driverless electric vehicle, substituting driver actions. The navigation and orientation system determines the
current position of NAMI driverless electric vehicle. The actuator system is comprised of control actuators of
electric transmission, clutching, gear shifting, steering, brakes, starter, light and sound equipment, and others.
The motion management system of NAMI driverless electric vehicle is comprised of sensors, drives,
electronic control unit with components and control board. The machine vision system is comprised of AXIS
PI346 video cameras, SLR 100 lidar, ARS 300 radar, eight ultrasound sensors (parktronics), SS series, LTP
linear potentiometer and two SANV-10 electromechanic actuators. Two AXIS PI346 cameras are installed
behind the front windscreen in upper corners, and one camera behind rear windshield in its center (Fig. 4),
which provides maximum visibility in front of and behind the vehicle. Application of AXIS PI346 video
cameras in the machine vision system of NAMI driverless electric vehicle provides accurate recognition of
road signs and marks [11-13].
Figure 3 illustrates the video cameras and lidars installed in front part of the compartment of NAMI
driverless electric vehicle. Figure 4 illustrates the video camera installed in rear part of the compartment of
NAMI driverless electric vehicle. Figure 5 illustrates the radar installed in the front part of NAMI driverless
electric vehicle.
Figure 3. Location of video cameras in passenger
compartment behind windscreen of driverless
electric vehicle
Figure 4. Illustrates the video camera installed in
rear part of the compartment of nami driverless
electric vehicle
Figure 4. Location of video cameras in passenger
compartment behind rear windshield of nami
driverless electric vehicle
Figure 5. ARS 300 radar installed on radiator grille
of nami driverless electric vehicle
A PS-A-4006 ultrasound sensor facilitates detection of objects and obstructions in short-range zone,
automatic parking and provides sensor feedback for accurate vehicle steering in narrow road corridors. The
steering system includes LTP linear potentiometer. The LTP linear potentiometer installed on steering rack in
engine room facilitates high accurate detection of wheel positions at any instant.
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The major component of the system is the central processing unit which is a multiprocessor
perforimng the following main functions:
1. Connection with external wireless devices (BLUETOOTH, GPS, and other);
2. Acquiring image of surrounding near NAMI driverless electric vehicle (radars, lidars, video cameras,
parktronics) and its subsequent processing;
3. Acquiring information about short range surrounding from ultrasound sensors and its subsequent
processing;
4. Data processing from all sensors of the system;
5. Calculation of motion parameters of NAMI driverless electric vehicle in real time in accordance with
the preset algorithms;
6. Generation of control commands to external actuators in accordance with current state and motion
algorithm.
Integration of the control system into vehicle is provided by another device: Mechanism control
unit. Its main functions are as follows:
1. Processing of position sensors of control mechanisms of NAMI driverless electric vehicle;
2. Control actions for actuators of NAMI driverless electric vehicle;
3. Data transfer concerning state of control mechanisms of NAMI driverless electric vehicle;
4. Obtaining of control commands from central processing unit.
Mechanism control unit provides integration with the following mechanisms and units of NAMI
driverless electric vehicle:
1. Actuators of accelerator pedal, primary and parking braking systems, clutch;
2. Steering drive;
3. Traction invertor;
4. Lighting control (position lamps, low and high beams);
5. Wiper and washer control;
6. Window raiser control.
Data exchange between the devices is performed by CAN bus, it provides high transfer reliability as
well as interference protection in electrical system. The system is powered by battery cells of NAMI
driverless electric vehicle.
Electromechanic drive in the braking system controls application of brake pedal and hand parking
brake. SANV-10 actuator enables fast application of primary brake and parking brake, hence, fast vehicle
stoppage. Two SANV-10 actuators are used in the braking system. One of them is installed in engine room
and the other in tunnel assembly.
Motion control system performs general computations of vehicle motion: position coordinates,
recognition of objects around the vehicle, detection of obstructions. Central processing unit is connected to
the system of orientation and navigation in order to process and obtain global coordinates of vehicle position,
it communicates with external devices via Bluetooth and is equipped with data storage unit. Image
recognition unit is connected to cameras which inspect surrounding objects. High rate of image recognition is
supported by parallel computations. Obstructions are detected by means of radar control unit and two lidar
units. All units are connected to common CAN bus, which enables controlling actions and data acquisition.
The software of motion control system of experimental NAMI driverless electric vehicle executes main
functions of motion control, including maintaining of safe speed, safe distance to vehicle ahead, motion path
with regard to preset one, control of turn indicators, audio and light stop alarms, as well as solution of
navigation task reserved by satellite system. The software is based on Inka-NAMI proprietary algorithmic
and programmed approaches aimed at preventing of vehicle collision with constrictions.
Receiver of the navigation system is installed in passenger compartment. The antenna output
connector is in accordance with SMA standard. The antenna is installed in the roof center. Efficient operation
of antennas is supported by the important condition: shadowing of GLONASS/GPS satellites by at least
140°. Antenna is fed by high frequency coaxial cable. Powering of the navigation module from 12 V vehicle
network is provided by a source of secondary supply (DC-DC converter) on the basis of DA1 TES 2N-2410
diode microcircuit with protection against reverse polarity and conductive noises. The navigation system can
be powered from a battery. The interconnection between the receiver and network equipment is provided by
ADM 1485 and 74VHC 04 microcircuits. A user of navigation data can directly connect to full-scale
NV08C-CSM-BRD navigation receiver. All components of control system of NAMI driverless electric
vehicle, except for navigation antenna, are installed in passenger compartment and protected against external
impacts and mechanical damages.
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Figure 6. Bench Scale NAMI Driverless Electric Vehicle
Fig. 7. Driving Tests of NAMI Driverless Electric Vehicle
The following performances were achieved after tests of NAMI driverless electric vehicle: one-
charge driving distance - at least 50 km, maximum driving speed - at least 120 km/h, acceleration time to 100
km/h – at least 20 s, and the motion control system maintains maximum driving speed of 30 km/h;
recognition of obstructions - road users; recognition of road signs - at least 30 ones; detection of road marks -
main, on straight ways; detection of vehicle position - with the accuracy to 5 m; maintaining of preset
distance to vehicles ahead - to 3 m; maintaining of driving speed - with the accuracy to 3 km/h; audio and
light alarms - with response rate up to 0.5 s. The air cleaning system eliminates harmful inclusions in the
passenger compartment of electric vehicle to the maximum permitted level established by Hygienic
regulations GN 2.1.6.1338.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The obtained experimental results are aimed at development of R&D and engineering complex of
Russian Federation in the fields of safety, energy efficiency, and energy saving in transport industry, at
development projects aimed at improvement of traffic safety and environmental safety of passengers, at
implementation into educational process of technical higher schools, at implementation into business
activities of automobile companies [14-17].
Implementation of the experimental results would enable achievement of cardinally new level of
energy efficiency, environmental and traffic safety of single vehicles and overall traffic system, including:
1. Improvement of traffic safety due to decrease in traffic accidents by means of application of driverless
vehicle control and air cleaning in passenger compartments;
2. Improvement of environmental performances of vehicles in comparison with existing ones due to
application of electric traction and driverless control;
3. Reduction of harmful impact of vehicles on environment due to elimination of harmful pollutions of
electric vehicle;
4. Improvement of environmental safety of passengers by means of efficient air cleaning in passenger
compartment;
5. Improvement in disposal and recirculation rate of vehicles in comparison with the existing ones.
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5. CONCLUSIONS
The achieved performances of NAMI driverless electric vehicle in total and its constituents (traction
module, motion control system, electricity accumulation system) are close to those of global analogs and is
superior to those of Russian analogs. The achieved performances of air cleaning and distribution system in
passenger compartment exceed those of all known global and Russian analogs concerning environmental
safety of passengers. The developed NAMI driverless electric vehicle is implemented in this configuration
for the first time in global practice.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the agreement # 14.625.21.0006 with the Ministry of Education and
Science of Russian Federation (unique project identifier RFMEFI62514X0006) to create an experimental
model of a driverless environmentally friendly electric vehicle.
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