Abstract
Flood is a naturally occurring disastrous event causing damages, losses and destruction to property, life and environment.
Hundred millions of money are spent every year in flood control and flood forecasting. For construction of any structure near
by a water body or in between a water body and for determination of safe levels of construction to protect structure from
flood water, safe grade elevation is required.
In order to evaluate or estimate, mitigate and handle the floods, the present paper presents a methodology for assessment of flood
line to produce safe grade elevation by using River Analysis System made by Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-RAS)
software which is predominately used in the field of hydraulic analysis for floodplain delineation. The general parameter affecting
flood is runoff gauge, discharge, rainfall and land use as spatial data. This paper explains the use of the HEC-RAS for producing
the safe grade elevation for Mutha River from its origin at downstream side of Kadakwasla dam till Mahtre Bridge. It explains the
methodology to construct a table model and how to validate it. The methodology developed can be applied for regions if only
predominant factors affecting the flood in that region is consider, to decide the best economical safe grade elevation for the
building or structure near or on the river and would help in planning priorities prerequisites for managing flood efficiently.
Keywords: Safe Grade elevation, Parameters, Mutha River, Flood, spatial data, Zoning.
APPLICATION OF 1-D HEC-RAS MODEL IN DESIGN OF CHANNELSAM Publications
Flood occurs at Surat city frequently due to sudden release of water from Ukai dam in river Tapi. At the
time of floods in river Tapi, Surat city and surrounding regions are most affected. The city has faced many floods
since long back. Major flood event occurred in the year 1883, 1884, 1942,1944,1945,1949, 1959, 1968, 1994, 1998,
2002, 2006, 2007 and 2012. The carrying capacity of river is approximately about 4.5 lakhs cusecs (12753 cumecs) at
present. In this, stability of a segment of lower reach approximately 6 km length of Tapi river between Weir cum
causeway and Sardar bridge is evaluated for its carrying capacity and stability in response to discharge and slopes
using HEC-RAS software for past flood data. The study reach consists of 24 cross-sections. The hydraulics model,
HEC-RAS is employed to evaluate flood conveyance performance and also uniform flow computation is carried out.
In the present study existing storm drains are not only marked but based on the HEC-RAS water surface elevation
computation for various flood discharges, need of flood gates on the storm drains are also assessed. The
recommendations are done based on this study either to increase height of bank or construct a retaining wall at
certain sections along the study reach. The present study also recommends installations of flood gates on all the storm
drain outlets which are without flood gates. The width of river in no case be encroached as sections are sensitive high
floods.
Runoff modelling using hec hms for rural watershedEditorIJAERD
Due to climate change it is very essential to do hydrological modelling. Reliable models are essential for planning,
developmental works, prediction and safety of the population. Hydrological models are used to determine catchment
discharge/flow through an efficient way. HEC-HM (Hydrological engineering centre Hydrological modelling system) is
one of hydrological modelling tool developed by United States army corps of engineer (USACE) for event as well as for
continuous simulations. Models, especially continuous simulations are useful for future predictions of stream flow due to
land-use changes or extreme events phenomenon. In this study continuous hydrologic modellingwas carried out using
HEC HMS modelling tool.
Deficit and Constant Loss methods with Clark transform methods were selected. The calibrated model (period
1986-1988) was validated with data set of the period of 2009-2013. Study concluded that the model recommended and
can be used for stated River as decision support tool in the design and operation.
APPLICATION OF 1-D HEC-RAS MODEL IN DESIGN OF CHANNELSAM Publications
Flood occurs at Surat city frequently due to sudden release of water from Ukai dam in river Tapi. At the
time of floods in river Tapi, Surat city and surrounding regions are most affected. The city has faced many floods
since long back. Major flood event occurred in the year 1883, 1884, 1942,1944,1945,1949, 1959, 1968, 1994, 1998,
2002, 2006, 2007 and 2012. The carrying capacity of river is approximately about 4.5 lakhs cusecs (12753 cumecs) at
present. In this, stability of a segment of lower reach approximately 6 km length of Tapi river between Weir cum
causeway and Sardar bridge is evaluated for its carrying capacity and stability in response to discharge and slopes
using HEC-RAS software for past flood data. The study reach consists of 24 cross-sections. The hydraulics model,
HEC-RAS is employed to evaluate flood conveyance performance and also uniform flow computation is carried out.
In the present study existing storm drains are not only marked but based on the HEC-RAS water surface elevation
computation for various flood discharges, need of flood gates on the storm drains are also assessed. The
recommendations are done based on this study either to increase height of bank or construct a retaining wall at
certain sections along the study reach. The present study also recommends installations of flood gates on all the storm
drain outlets which are without flood gates. The width of river in no case be encroached as sections are sensitive high
floods.
Runoff modelling using hec hms for rural watershedEditorIJAERD
Due to climate change it is very essential to do hydrological modelling. Reliable models are essential for planning,
developmental works, prediction and safety of the population. Hydrological models are used to determine catchment
discharge/flow through an efficient way. HEC-HM (Hydrological engineering centre Hydrological modelling system) is
one of hydrological modelling tool developed by United States army corps of engineer (USACE) for event as well as for
continuous simulations. Models, especially continuous simulations are useful for future predictions of stream flow due to
land-use changes or extreme events phenomenon. In this study continuous hydrologic modellingwas carried out using
HEC HMS modelling tool.
Deficit and Constant Loss methods with Clark transform methods were selected. The calibrated model (period
1986-1988) was validated with data set of the period of 2009-2013. Study concluded that the model recommended and
can be used for stated River as decision support tool in the design and operation.
Fitting Probability Distribution Functions To Discharge Variability Of Kaduna...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Workshop on Storm Water Modeling ApproachesM. Damon Weiss
The attached presentation was prepared by Pennoni Associates and Michael Baker Corporation to the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy and members of the Pennsylvania Environmental Council Green Infrastructure Network. The presentation discussed various watershed modeling techniques for regional, watershed and local projects, as well as an overview of the different tools that engineers use to create these models.
Hec ras flood modeling little river newburyportWilliam Mullen
This narrated PowerPoint presentation describes a HEC-RAS 2-D unsteady-flow flood model set up for the tidally-influenced Little River in Newburyport and Newbury, Massachusetts. It describes the steps in developing inputs to the HEC-RAS model including using HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff modeling and GIS in developing inputs to HEC-HMS. The HEC-RAS model was calibrated using the Mother's Day flood of May 2006. The HEC-RAS model may be used to evaluate impacts associated with proposed changes in culvert sizes or changing embankment elevations near or at problem flood areas and can also be used to determine the changes in river hydraulics associated with sea level rise and climate change.
Upstream Suburban Philadelphia Sub-Watershed Cluster Modeling OverviewKim Beidler
Upstream Suburban Philadelphia Sub-Watershed Cluster Modeling Overview by Jeffrey Featherstone, Ph.D., Director, Center for Sustainable Communities, Temple University
Stormwater data modeling article, Stormwater magazine, by Don Talend, brand storytelling, content management and demand generation expert. Water engineering industry
Numerical investigation of winglet angles influence on vortex sheddingeSAT Journals
Abstract Wingtip devices are usually intended to improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft. There are several types of wing tip devices, and although they function in different manners, the intended effect is always to reduce the aircraft's drag by partial recovery of the tip vortex energy. Wingtip devices can also improve aircraft handling characteristics and enhance safety for following aircraft. Such devices increase the effective aspect ratio of a wing without materially increasing the wingspan. The purpose of this project is to analyse different types of winglets using Auto CAD, GAMBIT and FLUENT and then, to find out what happens when winglets are linked to wingtips and to study about the aerodynamic properties of spiroid winglets which are still under research. One wing model without winglet and three wing models with winglets were created and drawn in Auto CAD and they were meshed in GAMBIT using geometry data gathered from research papers. Those models were read into Fluent where flow boundary conditions were applied.
The wing without winglet, the wings with spiroid winglets and the wings with other kinds of winglets performance were analyzed in several angles of attack and the drag coefficient was compared when the aircraft is taking off. Wingtip vortices from models were checked, studied and compared. The best winglet model reduces drag coefficient and wingtip vortices from wing without winglet model and it will be pointed out at the end of this project
Secret keys and the packets transportation for privacy data forwarding method...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Cloud computing is the process of storing the data in the Remote server. This process doesn‘t speak much about confidentiality and robustness of the data. To improve the security and confidentiality the uploaded file from a data owner is splitted into multiple packets and stored in multiple cloud servers. These packets are encrypted using the primary key. These different keys are also distributed in multiple key servers. User id is appended for verification. If the data owner forwards the file then the keys are verified for the data access. In this we are proposing sending the secret key as SMS to the shared or forwarded nodes for the process of proper Security. This technique integrates the concepts of encryption, encoding and forwarding. Keywords-cloud computing, encryption, storage system
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Fitting Probability Distribution Functions To Discharge Variability Of Kaduna...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Workshop on Storm Water Modeling ApproachesM. Damon Weiss
The attached presentation was prepared by Pennoni Associates and Michael Baker Corporation to the Pittsburgh Parks Conservancy and members of the Pennsylvania Environmental Council Green Infrastructure Network. The presentation discussed various watershed modeling techniques for regional, watershed and local projects, as well as an overview of the different tools that engineers use to create these models.
Hec ras flood modeling little river newburyportWilliam Mullen
This narrated PowerPoint presentation describes a HEC-RAS 2-D unsteady-flow flood model set up for the tidally-influenced Little River in Newburyport and Newbury, Massachusetts. It describes the steps in developing inputs to the HEC-RAS model including using HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff modeling and GIS in developing inputs to HEC-HMS. The HEC-RAS model was calibrated using the Mother's Day flood of May 2006. The HEC-RAS model may be used to evaluate impacts associated with proposed changes in culvert sizes or changing embankment elevations near or at problem flood areas and can also be used to determine the changes in river hydraulics associated with sea level rise and climate change.
Upstream Suburban Philadelphia Sub-Watershed Cluster Modeling OverviewKim Beidler
Upstream Suburban Philadelphia Sub-Watershed Cluster Modeling Overview by Jeffrey Featherstone, Ph.D., Director, Center for Sustainable Communities, Temple University
Stormwater data modeling article, Stormwater magazine, by Don Talend, brand storytelling, content management and demand generation expert. Water engineering industry
Numerical investigation of winglet angles influence on vortex sheddingeSAT Journals
Abstract Wingtip devices are usually intended to improve the efficiency of fixed-wing aircraft. There are several types of wing tip devices, and although they function in different manners, the intended effect is always to reduce the aircraft's drag by partial recovery of the tip vortex energy. Wingtip devices can also improve aircraft handling characteristics and enhance safety for following aircraft. Such devices increase the effective aspect ratio of a wing without materially increasing the wingspan. The purpose of this project is to analyse different types of winglets using Auto CAD, GAMBIT and FLUENT and then, to find out what happens when winglets are linked to wingtips and to study about the aerodynamic properties of spiroid winglets which are still under research. One wing model without winglet and three wing models with winglets were created and drawn in Auto CAD and they were meshed in GAMBIT using geometry data gathered from research papers. Those models were read into Fluent where flow boundary conditions were applied.
The wing without winglet, the wings with spiroid winglets and the wings with other kinds of winglets performance were analyzed in several angles of attack and the drag coefficient was compared when the aircraft is taking off. Wingtip vortices from models were checked, studied and compared. The best winglet model reduces drag coefficient and wingtip vortices from wing without winglet model and it will be pointed out at the end of this project
Secret keys and the packets transportation for privacy data forwarding method...eSAT Journals
Abstract The Cloud computing is the process of storing the data in the Remote server. This process doesn‘t speak much about confidentiality and robustness of the data. To improve the security and confidentiality the uploaded file from a data owner is splitted into multiple packets and stored in multiple cloud servers. These packets are encrypted using the primary key. These different keys are also distributed in multiple key servers. User id is appended for verification. If the data owner forwards the file then the keys are verified for the data access. In this we are proposing sending the secret key as SMS to the shared or forwarded nodes for the process of proper Security. This technique integrates the concepts of encryption, encoding and forwarding. Keywords-cloud computing, encryption, storage system
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Development of improved pid controller for single effect evaporatoreSAT Journals
Abstract
Kraft pulping is the pulping process that is mostly used in paper mills. This is because the chemicals used in cooking are being
recovered, and environmental pollution is minimized, as the chemicals are not discarded into the environment, but rather recycled.
These chemicals are recovered by burning the black liquor that leaves the digester in a reactor called a recovery boiler.
Feeding the black liquor directly from the digester to the recovery boiler will cause a water/smelt explosion. This explosion
happens if the percentage of water in the liquor is high, the solid content of the black liquor leaving the digester is usually
between 13-18%. To avoid such disaster the concentration of the black liquor has to be increased, which should in the range of
60-70%, this is done in a single or multiple effect evaporator. In this paper, a single effect evaporator control has been designed
using a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. During the first design a simple PID controller with a feedback control
was used. Then taking into consideration the load disturbance in the process, a feed forward control has then been introduced
into the controller design. Subsequently the concept of boiling point rise (BPR) to measure concentration has then been used in
the controller design of a single effect evaporator.
Keywords: Boiling Point Rise, Concentration, Evaporators, Feed Forward Control, Paper Mill, PID Controller,
Pulping Process, Single-Effect Evaporator
Necessity of integrated transport system to namma metro at byapanahalli – a s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Mass Rapid Transit is one of the major Transportation system proposed in metropolitan city like Bangalore in order to be beneficial
in reducing various traffic problems and result in reduction of Travel time etc. The efficiency of this system can be increased by
attracting more number of Trip makers by a suitable Integrated Transport System. Feeder system is one of these techniques proposed
for Namma Metro in Bangalore which includes Feeder bus (Minibus) operating throughout the radial areas of Metro stations. The
present study includes the necessity of these buses as par with Public Transport Buses currently operating in these areas with respect
to the willingness of commuters, Frequency and Travel Time.
Designing multi agent based linked state machineeSAT Journals
Abstract Every industrial process control algorithm can be represented as an ASM chart and every ASM chart can be implemented using the state agent based approach. This paper describes a simplified approach to implementing complex process control systems using the agent-based paradigm. It shows that when the system is complex, it can be broken up into a series of ASM charts, and each of those ASM charts can be implemented using agent-based approach comprising of one process agent and a number of state agents. These agent based systems together perform the complex industrial process control. This structure can be interconnected to form a linked state machine in order to realize a multi-agent based linked state structure. This is a ‘divide and conquer’ approach that is much simpler than tackling the control system implementation as one very complex effort. Index Terms: Process control, ASM chart, State Transition Table (STT), Multi-agent, Link state machines, Beverage blending
Stone texture classification and discrimination by edge direction movementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Texture discrimination is the rich field in the area pattern recognition and pattern analysis. The texture classification is the one of
the major field in texture discrimination. In this paper derive an approach for texture group classification based on the direction
movement. The edge movements are identified in each 3×3 window of the texture image. Based on the edge direction movements
the texture images are categorized. Two texture groups used in this paper. Texture group 1 consists of Bark, Sand, Raffia and
Pigskin images and Straw, Bsand, Wgrain and Grass image are treated as texture group2. In this paper, Horizontal, Vertical
direction and also Right, Left Diagonal Edge direction movements are identified.
Key Words: Edge Direction movements, texture classification, pattern recognition, texture group
The solution of problem of parameterization of the proximity function in ace ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this work, a new approach for defining the value of the proximity function, which is carried out in the second step of the
Algorithms for Calculating Estimates (ACE) in the area of Pattern Recognition, is presented. The value of the proximity function
is defined as a part of corresponding features of two objects. The main attention is paid to essential features of the polytypic in a
given training set. One of the important problems of the ACE is to compare the values of fuzzy attributes. The main idea of this
approach is considering the proximity the corresponding quantitative and qualitative features together. Here a complexity of
comparing the qualitative features and an approach of overcoming such complexity are considered. Such features include the
features with fuzzy values. The membership function of fuzzy set theory is used for determining membership degrees of the feature
values describing with linguistic values for improve the quality of ACE. The steps of the algorithm for transfer the results is
obtained from the comparison of the two values of fuzzy feature by using membership function to the proximity function. The
membership function with two parameters (b and c) is used. For defining optimal values of these parameters evolutionary
algorithms for solving optimization problems are used, one of them is Genetic algorithm. By using genetic algorithm initial
parameters’ values of the membership function are generated and transmitted to the proximity function. The ACE is run and value
of functional quality is defined during the training process with given training set. If the value of the functional quality is not
sufficiently high than the values obtained by Genetic algorithm, these values are regenerated using special operators (selection,
crossover, mutation) of the Genetic algorithm. The algorithm for selection optimal values of the parameters of the membership
function using the Genetic algorithm is given.
Key Words: ACE, proximity function, Genetic algorithm, membership function, parameters, operators.
Investigations on the performance of diesel in an air gap ceramic coated dies...eSAT Journals
Abstract The world’s rapidly diminishing petroleum supplies, their raising costs and budding danger of environmental pollution have led to an intensive search for an alternative fuels or increasing the efficiency of the available diesel engines. It is a known fact that about 30% of energy supplied to the diesel engine is lost through the coolant and 30% is wasted through friction and exhaust and other losses, thus leaving only 40% of energy utilization for the useful purposes. If this lost heat rejection is reduced, the thermal efficiency can be improved. With the insulation of the combustion chamber Walls with ceramics, the transfer of heat can be restricted and can be used further for heating the incoming fresh charge and the same thing can be observed with exhaust gases. This increases the combustion efficiency and reduces the emissions. Hence in the present work, a ceramic coated engine is developed by incorporating air gap between the piston skirt and crown, cylinder liner and jacket, ceramic coating on cylinder head and valves. Therefore, a solemn attempt is made in this research work to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine with diesel as fuel. Further the performance of the engine depends on the heat in the combustion chamber. This intends depend on piston material and the turbulence generated in the engine. So, further an attempt is made with brass piston insert and brass insert with six grooves which replaces the aluminum piston in the engine. Among all the pistons tested the brass insert with six grooves is proved to be the best in terms of performance and emissions point of view. But with the higher temperatures in the chamber drop in volumetric efficiency and lubricating oil deterioration are the main problems. However they can overcome by turbo compounding and with the development of new lubricants. Keywords: Ceramic engines, Air gap, New Lubricants, Piston inserts, Low heat rejection engines
Semantic approach utilizing data mining and case based reasoning for it suppo...eSAT Journals
Abstract Information Technology (IT) plays a very important role in all organizations. IT executives are constantly faced with problems that are difficult to tackle. Failure in IT service can interrupt the functioning of an organization. Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a problem solving methodology where experience in the form of past cases can be used to solve problems, thereby assisting the automation of problem solving and experience management. Furthermore, the performance, quality and efficiency of CBR systems can be enhanced through data mining. In order to support the IT team for faster and efficient problem resolution, a case-based reasoning approach integrated with data mining techniques could be utilized. In this paper, the study done on various CBR systems and data mining techniques for problem and experience management is explained. A system is proposed for IT experience and problem management with semantic retrieval in order to increase the efficiency and quality of the IT support service. Keywords: Case-based reasoning, Data Mining, Experience management, IT problem management, IT support.
Effect of potato powder supplementation and spices addition on physical and s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the acceptability of potato powder supplemented and spices added cookies based on their sensory and physical properties. Sensory evaluation was done based on hedonic scale. Potato powder supplementation was ranged from 10-50% (wt. of flour/wt. of potato powder). Cardamom and clove were used as flavoring agent, which ranges from 0.5% to 1% (wt. of flour/wt. of spice). Increment in potato powder supplementation was lead to substantial decrement in physical properties and sensory evaluation (P<0.05)><0.05).><0.05).
Keywords: cookies, potato powder supplementation, spices addition, sensory & physical analysis, ANOVA analysis
Optimization of machining parameters on tool tip temperature by using vegetab...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this research the experiments were performed by using vegetable oil to know the effect of different machining parameters on
tool tip temperature. The quality of work piece material is main contributing factor in these days which may be influence by heat
generated at the tool tip temperature. For this experimental work different machining parameters were used depth of cut, speed
and feed rate, and work piece on the tool tip temperature during a machining ofEN8 material. To study the influence of each
parameter on tool tip temperature total 9 experiments were performed in order to find the minimum tool tip temperature. The
experiments were performed by varying one parameter while, the keep two parameter were kept constant. So the influence of tool
tip temperature on varying machining parameters is studied in this research work. The main objective of this study is to
investigate the effect of cutting parameters and to find out optimal conditions of spindle speed, feed, and depth of cut and work
piece material for achieving minimum temperature and to increase the quality of work peice material by reducing the temperature
using vegetable . In this experiment tool tip temperature measurement instrument is used to find the optimum parametric
conditions like spindle speed, feed and depth of cut on EN-8 material. The analysis reveals that spindle speed has major effect on
tool tip temperature while using Soya oil as lubricant.
Key Words: Tool tip temperature, spindle speed, feed rate and Depth of cut.
Review of various adaptive modulation and coding techniques in wireless networkeSAT Journals
Abstract Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) is a method which adapts its transmitting parameters according to the channel state and is used in various modern wireless communications to maximize spectrum efficiency by minimizing the error rate. One of the driving strengths of AMC is the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) estimation and feedback channel for adaptation. Degrading effects caused due to sudden variation in the channel over time sometimes require the transmission link to react appropriately so it can minimize the Bit Error Rate (BER). There are various adaptive methods to implement the same like variable rate, variable error probability, and variable coding or hybrid technique. This article focuses upon variable power technique and describes two to three different power techniques and tries to make a comparison between two of them i.e, channel inversion and water-filling. Keywords- Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Bit Error Rate (BER), channel inversion, water-filling
Abstract
Researchers in the field of software engineering, business process improvement and information engineering all want to drastically modernize software life-cycle processes and technologies to correct the problems and to improve the quality of software. Research goals have included ancillary issues, such as improving user services through conversion to new platforms and facilitating software processes by adopting automated tools. Automated tools for software development, understanding, maintenance, and documentation add to process maturity, leading to better quality and reliability of computer services and greater customer satisfaction. This paper focuses on critical issues of legacy program improvement. The program improvement needs the estimation of program from various perspectives. The paper highlights various elements of legacy program complexity which further can be taken in account for further program development.
Keywords: Legacy, Program, Software complexity, Code, Integration
Abstract Ocean currents are an enormous source of green energy. This energy from marine currents can be extracted by means of tidal turbines. This paper explains different types of tidal current turbines. This paper discusses about tidal energy and site selection criteria for tidal current turbine in general. This paper gives general overview about tidal current turbine design methods such as the blade element momentum theory and computational fluid dynamics. Keywords: Tidal energy, Tidal current turbines, Site selection, BEMT, CFD
Rna secondary structure prediction, a cuckoo search approacheSAT Journals
Abstract
RNA secondary structure prediction uses techniques like crystallography, NMR spectroscopy etc. Computation based techniques
estimate the possible base pairs that could be formed in RNA. Soft computing techniques generally select some random pair or
pair sequences and then check them according to some parameters. The final sequence of RNA which is closest to the required
fitness is selected as the final structure. The cuckoo search approach is good for finding the feasible search space locations.
Cuckoo search approach feasibly provides results for the detection of base pairs in the RNA and the RNA secondary structure.
Keywords: DNA, RNA, base pairs, pseudo-knots, structure, soft computing, techniques
Steady state stability analysis and enhancement of three machine nine bus pow...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Power System stability study is the important parameter of economic, reliable and secure system planning and operation. Studies
are important during the planning and conceptual design stages of the project as well as during the operating life of the plant
periodically. This paper presents the power system steady state stability analysis for IEEE- 9 bus test system and examines
influence of TCPS FACTS device based controller on test system. It is assumed that system under study has been perturbed from a
steady state equilibrium that prevailed prior to the application of the disturbance. If system is stable, we would expect that for
temporary or permanent disturbance, system will acquire initial or new operating state after a transient period. The stability
study is accessed using Lyapunov’s first method. The effectiveness of damping controller in enhancing the steady state stability is
investigated by incorporating available constraints. For analysis MATLAB software is employed. The conclusions have been
drawn here, based on theoretical and mathematical analysis so as to provide an insight and better understanding of steady state
stability of considered multi machine power system.
Key Words: Lyapunov’s first method, Steady-state stability, Phase portrait, FACTS device, supplementary modulation
controller, eigen value, synchronizing power coefficient, IEEE-9 Bus Test System, Load Flow Study, Differential
algebraic equation.
Abstract Convolutional encoding is a Forward Error Correction (FEC) technique used in continuous one-way and real time communication links. Wireless devices such as hand phones and broadband modems rely heavily on forward error correction techniques for their proper functioning, thus sending and receiving information with minimal or no error, while utilizing the available bandwidth. Major requirements for modern digital wireless communication systems include high throughput, low power consumption and physical size. This paper presents the simulation of convolutional encoder using MATLAB. The performance and analysis has done by changing rates of convolutional encoder and error of binary symmetric channel. Keywords: Constraint Length, Convolutional Encoder, Data rates, Generator polynomials, Poly2trellis structure.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
journal of engineering and applied science 18.pdfnareshkotra
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a speed publication schedule with whilst maintaining rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery of expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as appropriate to ensure that they are as same as to be the level of interest and importance appropriate for the journal.
journal of applied science and engineering.pdfnareshkotra
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule with maintaining rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats of article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
HEC-RAS is a computer program that models the hydraulics of water flow through natural rivers and other channels. The program is one-dimensional, meaning that there is no direct modeling of the hydraulic effect of cross section shape changes, bends, and other two- and three-dimensional aspects of flow. The program was developed by the US Department of Defense, Army Corps of Engineers in order to manage the rivers, harbors, and other public works under their jurisdiction; it has found wide acceptance by many others since its public release in 1995.
Role of Instrumentation Data Analysis in Safety Monitoring of Giant Structuresijtsrd
The importance of Safety monitoring of old structures e.g., Bridges, Dams etc need not be overemphasized. Monitoring of several significant parameters always essential for prediction of structural behavior of the unit. Need for proper calibration and maintenance of embedded instruments are discussed. Recording of data collected in a regular interval on site from few significant instruments embedded in the structure followed by Statistical analysis of correlated data is an important tool for health monitoring of structure. The issue is discussed with a mention of dam instrumentation and data analysis. It helps in commenting about trend of permanent settlement component of dam deflection of a few geographically supported dam, hence justifies instrumentation in giant structures from safety point of view in turn. B Datta"Role of Instrumentation Data Analysis in Safety Monitoring of Giant Structures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5921.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/5921/role-of-instrumentation-data-analysis-in-safety-monitoring-of-giant-structures/b-datta
Similar to Determination of safe grade elevation by using hec ras case study mutha river (20)
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The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
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flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
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Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
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The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
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Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
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In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
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Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
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enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
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The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
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various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
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Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
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experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
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obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
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experimental results) were also validated in this study.
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to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
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is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
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Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
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Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
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asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
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aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
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In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
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Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Determination of safe grade elevation by using hec ras case study mutha river
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2016, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 125
DETERMINATION OF SAFE GRADE ELEVATION BY USING HEC-
RAS: CASE STUDY MUTHA RIVER
Ritica Thakur1
, Deepali. R. Vaidya2
1
M.E Second Year Hydraulics student, Department of Civil Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune
University, SCOE Vadgaon (BK), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
ritica.thakur@gmail.com
2
Asst. Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sinhgad College of Engineering, Pune University, SCOE Vadgaon
(BK), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
drvaidya.scoe@sinhgad.edu
Abstract
Flood is a naturally occurring disastrous event causing damages, losses and destruction to property, life and environment.
Hundred millions of money are spent every year in flood control and flood forecasting. For construction of any structure near
by a water body or in between a water body and for determination of safe levels of construction to protect structure from
flood water, safe grade elevation is required.
In order to evaluate or estimate, mitigate and handle the floods, the present paper presents a methodology for assessment of flood
line to produce safe grade elevation by using River Analysis System made by Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC-RAS)
software which is predominately used in the field of hydraulic analysis for floodplain delineation. The general parameter affecting
flood is runoff gauge, discharge, rainfall and land use as spatial data. This paper explains the use of the HEC-RAS for producing
the safe grade elevation for Mutha River from its origin at downstream side of Kadakwasla dam till Mahtre Bridge. It explains the
methodology to construct a table model and how to validate it. The methodology developed can be applied for regions if only
predominant factors affecting the flood in that region is consider, to decide the best economical safe grade elevation for the
building or structure near or on the river and would help in planning priorities prerequisites for managing flood efficiently.
Keywords: Safe Grade elevation, Parameters, Mutha River, Flood, spatial data, Zoning.
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I. INTRODUCTION
A flood is a condition of unusually rise in stage of a river, it
is the level at which the banks of river overflows and the
adjoining area inundates. India is enlisted as most flood-
affected countries of the world.
Floods cause severe bank erosion if the river banks are
fragile and not protected against the heavy flood discharges.
Loss of life, economic loss and loss of property are all
results caused by floods. There are two options for flood
management viz. structural measures & non-structural
measures. The modern flood management strategy is a
judicious mixture of both options. For this hundreds of
millions of money are spent every year in flood control and
flood forecasting. Flood proofing of important structures is
also accomplished by combination of adjustment and / or
addition of features to buildings that eliminate or reduce the
potential for flood damage. One of them is by providing
safe elevation to the building. For the construction of any
structure near by a water body or in between a water
body, determination of safe levels of construction is find
out to protect the structure from flood water. This elevation
is called as safe grade elevation. Safe grade elevation is the
elevation given to the building as a height or plinth height to
stop the intrusion of water into the building.
This measure is used for the construction of important
power projects, buildings and other structures. The guideline
of National Disaster Management Authority, Government of
India also recommends that the installations of national
importance structure i.e. important structures with respect to
life of people or money should always be above the
specified flood level for example Nuclear power plant,
Bridges, industries or any residential projects, etc. For the
safety of the structure it is recommends that in addition to
the flood caused by precipitation, other possible flood
sources are to be evaluated for estimation of maximum flood
level.
Safe grade elevation is calculated by knowing the maximum
stage of the river in previous years and the worst probable
stage the river may have. This can be achieved by
computing the surface profile computation of the river for
different discharged condition of the river. We are using
HEC-RAS software for generation of the one dimensional
surface profile model of the surface of the Mutha River.
US Army Corps of Engineers (1982) Hydrologic
Engineering Centre developed HEC-RAS, which is based on
standard step method. It is being widely used in many
countries for water surface profile computations and proved
to be very accurate and useful.
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HEC-RAS is a program which performs water surface
profiling in one dimension. To generate model in HEC-RAS
requires definition and descriptions of the land surface and
hydrologic events flow data. The flow data and geometric
data are used to calculate gradually, steady, varied flow
water surface profiles (steady-flow module) from energy
loss computations. HEC-RAS is capable of performing a
modelling a full network of a dendrites system, channels, or
a single reach.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
In a paper presented by Guan Tie-sheng. This paper
discusses the flood safety of the Banqiao and estimation of
inflow flood designed parameters. After performing flood
routing, they concluded that 117.76 m of water level and
2000 m3
/s of maximum discharge as 100-year floods
parameter; 118.92 m of water level and 13500 m3
/s
maximum discharge as 5000- year flood parameter, and
119.63 m of water level and 14400 m3
/s of maximum
discharge as 10000-year flood parameter .
A report drafted by CWPRS which discuss one and two
dimensional model studies for prediction of changes in flow
conditions in Panvel creek due to development of proposed
International Airport at Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra.
CWPRS, Pune, conducted a one dimensional model study
by using Charima. A two dimensional plot was prepared by
using MIKE 21, showing the difference in maximum
velocity between with and without airport cases. The tidal
water levels predicted from the Charima model and the
MIKE 21 model are in close agreement.
A report was drafted for estimating the designed flood and
safe grade elevation for nuclear power project at Gorakhpur,
Haryana. In this Report, the hydrological analysis had been
performed on basin boundary and was extended to districts
of Jind, Kaithal and Hissar to study the safe grade elevation
for the nuclear power plant. MIKE 11 software was used for
one dimensional modelling of dam break analysis of Bhakra
Dam. Mike 21 HD Model two-dimensional flow modelling
was done. The MIKE FLOOD model had been set up for
both the case and the model results had been studied. Flood
estimation was performed by six different methods. The
contour planning results into development of land to safe
grade elevation of all the grid points, while the general
topography of the plant site is retained. This is helping in
design for runoff generated from local site rainfall.
Mr. Sina Alaghmand presented a paper on comparison of
two hydraulic models in regards to their capabilities of river
flood risk analysis. A softer developed by Danish Hydraulic
Institute (DHI) as MKE11 and by US Army Corps of
Engineers as HEC-RAS4.0 is capable of performing river
flood risk analysis. Comparison was made on the four
aspects those are available outcomes, credibility, the
availability and usability of the models. In this research
Sungai Kayu Ara River basin was studied as case study
which is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Later observed
water levels were compared against the results of the
models. This research concludes that for river flood risk
mapping HEC-RAS has more capabilities in comparison
with MIKE11.
Mr. Smemoe in his paper on “Developing a Probabilistic
Flood Plain Boundary Using HEC-RAS-1 and HEC-RAS”
has discussed about probabilistic flood plain boundary
development by using HEC-RAS and HEC-RAS-1.
In this paper an approach is developed for flood plain
boundary to incorporate uncertainty in the modeling
parameters during model development. Some general
conclusions were made by the author for any project, on the
bases of basic engineering principles similar solutions can
be obtained while developing Flood Insurance Rate Map
(FIRM). A develop a better modeling approach to get a
flood plain boundary will requires integrated approach of
uncertainty as the modeling parameters during model
development. Delineation tools as a Computer operated
flood plain is used to determine inundation depths and flood
plain boundaries as the solutions of the series model. Finally
a solution is generated in the form of probabilistic flood
plain map. The contour on probabilistic flood plain shows
percent probability of flooded location.
III. CASE STUDY
In the present study a Hypothetical case study of a
construction site situated at the bank of river Mutha at seven
Km downstream side of Khadakwasla Dam Project is
consider.
For the study of such a site we had consider a reach of 10
Km of river Mutha from the downstream side of the
Khadakwasla Dam. The Mahatre Bridge is selected as the
gauging bridge site for the validation of the model. Tabel1
describes the data required. The data is collected from the
irrigation offices, data user group and topographic sheets.
The observed data for the application of the unit
hydrographs approach were not available. Hence, in this
study the synthetic unit hydrograph was derived using the
estimation of flood.
Report for the Krishna and Pennar Subzone-3(h) is used as
the base of the design of the discharge calculation for the
R25, R50, R100.
Table1:- Description of data required and purpose
Sr.
No.
Data Required Purpose
1. Cross section details of
the river.
Construction of
Table Model
2. Catchment area of the
Kahadakwasla Project
Rain fall Analysis
And
Return flood
3. Flood reports.
4. River Gauging Data Discharge data of the
Khadakwasla dam
5. Discharge data of the
Khadakwasla dam
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IV. METHODOLOGIES
A. Analytical: - Design flood estimation is done by using
various flood formulas. To design the flood the best
analytical method is SUG method if scanty data is available.
A. Estimation of Extreme Rainfalls of Various Return
Period: - To design flood estimation Probable Maximum
Flood (PMF) using the synthetic unit hydrograph approach,
the floods of various return periods using the Gumbel’s
based frequency analysis is found out. Gumbel (1941)
introduced extreme value distribution and that is called as
Gumbel distribution. It is most popular and adopted
probability function for doing extreme values modelling of a
random variable in hydrologic and metrological studies for
the prediction of maximum wind speed, maximum rainfalls,
etc. SUG method is based on the Unit Hydrograph method.
B. Design Strom: - To predict peak flood hydrograph unit
hydrograph technique is used. Extreme rainfall situation
were used to generate the design storm parameters. Detailed
information about the rainfall and the resulting flood
hydrograph were used to develop unit hydrograph for the
selected catchment. But this information would be available
for only few locations and will be very scanty. Majorities of
the catchment areas, especially those which are located at
remote locations always suffer with such conditions.
Empirical equation of regional validity which relate the
salient hydrograph characteristics to the basin characteristics
are available and used to construct unit hydrograph for
selected catchment area. The unit hydrograph derived using
these relationships are called as synthetic unit hydrographs.
SUG is a unit hydrograph of unit duration for a catchment
developed. These unit hydrographs are based on the relation
established between physiographic and unit hydrograph
parameters of the representative gauged catchments in
hydrometeorologically homogeneous region. It is possible to
develop unit hydrograph if the site specific concurrent
rainfall run-off data for every site is available for 5-8 years.
Derivation of SUH (Synthetic Unit Hydrograph)
Procedure to obtain parameters based on physiographic
characteristics of the catchments and establishing
relationship between physiographic parameters and unit
hydrograph parameter to develop SUG is described in
following paragraphs.
Physiographic Parameters
The physiographic parameters considered in the present
study are:-
Catchment Area (A): - The gauging site is located on
toposheet and the watershed boundary is marked. The area
enclosed in this boundary up to the gauging site may be
referred to as “A” as catchment area.
Length of Main Stream (L):- This implies the length of the
longest main river/nala/stream from the farthest point on the
watershed boundary of the selected catchment area to the
gauging site.
Length of the main stream from the observation site to
point near the centre of gravity of catchment (Lc):- For
finding the centre of gravity of the catchment. Usually the
boundary of the catchment is cut on a cardboard, which is
then hung in three different direction in vertical planes and
the plumb line are drawn from the point of hanging. The
point of intersection gives the centre of gravity of selected
catchment but the nearest point to the centre of gravity is
consider to find the length of the main river from the centre
of gravity to the point of study (Lc).
Equivalent Stream slope (S):- One of the physiographic
parameter is slope. The slope may be equivalent or
statistical. In the present study equivalent stream or the
slope has been replaced with statistical slope. Equivalent
slope can be computed by analytical method .In this method
L- section is broadly divided into 3 or 4 segments
representing the broad ranges of the slopes of the segments
and the following formula is used to calculate the equivalent
slope (S):-
S = [∑ Li (Di-1 + Di)] / (L)2
Where,
Li = Length of the ith
segment in km
Di-1, Di = Elevation of river bed at ith
, intersection
point of counter reckoned from the bed
elevation at points of interest considered
as datum and Di-1 and Di were the highest
of the successive bed location at counter
and intersections.
L = Length of the longest steam in km
A simplified approach for calculating the Q25, Q50, Q100 one
of the method is Regression analysis. In these equations
dependent variables are related to their respective
physiographic parameters, A, L, LC and 24 hour point
rainfall values. Following equation are used for calculation
of 25 year, 50 year and 100 year flood discharge for each
gauged catchment. [12]
Q25 = 0.4285 (A)0.733
(L)-0.264
(LC)0.264
(R25)1.426
Q50 = 1.69432 (A)0.753
(L)-0.338
(LC)0.304
(R50)0.934
Q100 = 8.33488 (A)0.793
(L)-0.422
(LC)0.313
(R100)0.416
Where Q25, Q50, Q100 are 25 year, 50 year and 100 year flood
in cumec respectively.
A is the catchment area up to point of study in Sq.km.
L is the length of the longest main stream along the river
course in km
LC is the length of the longest main river/steam /nala from a
point opposite to the centroid of the catchment area to the
gauging site along the main stream in km.
R25, R50, R100 are 24 hour point rainfall values in cm for the
return flood of 25 year, 50 year and 100 year return period
respectively.
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Compression between the result obtain is also studied for the
suitability of the result obtain for small catchment area
which is shown in the table 2.
B. Soft Computational: - Soft computational modelling is
done by using HEC-RAS. The program computes is based
on Standard step method. By solving the one-dimensional
energy equation water surface profiles from one cross
section is produced and similarly the next profile is also
produced [3].
This programme use momentum, continuity, and energy
equations which describe the relationships among various
flow variables, such as the discharge, flow depth, and flow
velocity. By solving these equations, it is possible to
determine the flow conditions throughout a specified
channel length. These analyses yield the change in flow
depth in a given distance or compute the distance in which a
specified change in flow depth will occur. The channel cross
section, bottom slope, the rate of discharge and Manning's n
are usually known for these computations of steady state
flow [3].
By differentiating the energy equation for a channel section
between two river sections, the governing equation for
gradually varied flow can be expressed as,
= (So- Sf)/[1- (aBQ2
)(gA3
)]
Where, S f is the slope of the energy-grade line, So is the
slope of the channel bottom, as the velocity head coefficient,
B is the bottom width of the channel, Q is the discharge and
A is the cross sectional area of the channel.
After calculating the value for Q25, Q50, Q100 a table model is
prepared with the help of HEC-RAS for Hydrological
analysis of the flood discharge. This modelling is done to
study the surface profile of the river at the time of the flood.
V. RESULT
By using this data the model is run for different returns
period floods and the surface profile of these discharge at
the selected site are taken as the level of water at the time of
flood. Table 2 shows the various discharge obtained by
using SUH Method and Regression analysis. The variation
of the result obtained with regression with respect to SUG is
not acceptable. Hence the discharge values obtain by SUH
method is used as an input to for the table model.
Table 2. Compression between SUG and regression result values
Sr. No Name of catchment area Return Periods By SUG By Regression Variation With Respect To SUG %
1 Khadakwasla R25 811.42 874.21 -7.738285968
2 Khadakwasla R50 923.7 1063.05 -15.0860669
3 Khadakwasla R100 988.24 1357.727 -37.38838744
4 Temghar R25 710.8133 792.6 -11.5060734
5 Temghar R50 780.0317 577.3242 25.98708488
6 Temghar R100 840.1414 422.4739 49.71395291
7 Varasgaon R25 1025.7 1161.9 -13.27873647
8 Varasgaon R50 1104.18 1020.144 7.610715644
9 Varasgaon R100 1182.08 927.8449 21.50743604
10 Pansheet R25 893.4732 1043.984 -16.84558641
11 Pansheet R50 962.8323 922.0161 4.239180593
12 Pansheet R100 1031.614 982.4364 4.767054344
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The model is validated from the data provided for the
Mahtre Bridge gauging site. So elevation above that surface
is the safe grade elevation for the construction of the
building.
According to the functional and the economical importance
the safe grade elevation of the structures are selected.
VI. CONCLUSION
1. After validation of the model for the maximum
discharge on 30th
July 2006 and 11th
August 2006 for
Mahtere Bridge Site model was run for the return
period flood.
2. The level for the purposed site for R25 was found to be
553.71 m, for R50 was found to be 554.03m, for R100
was found as 554.29 m.
3. After studying this project following points can be
concluded
a. The HEC-RAS has better performance than the
MIKE11.
b. There is very less increase of flood discharge and level
of R25, R50 and R100.
c. SUH method for the flood design holds more accuracy
than regression equation for small catchment areas.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am thankful to Hydrological Data user group, Centeral
Water Commission, Irrigation Department, Government of
Maharashtra for providing me Case study data. I would like
to thank Deputy Eng. Mrs. Deepgauri A. Joshi, Sectional
Eng. Mr. Khate for their kind Support and all who have
directly or indirectly helped me during the course of this
work, and whose names have been missed here to record.
REFERENCES
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(subzone-1e)
[2] “Estimation of Design Basis Flood and Safe Grade
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Haryana” A report by CWPRS
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Manual version 3.0, January 2001.
www.usace.army.mil
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px
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[12] Central water commission flood estimation report for
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[13] Developing a Probabilistic Flood Plain Boundary
Using HEC-RAS-1 And HEC-RAS Smemoe, C.Nelson
J and Zundel A. (2003) World Water & Environmental
Resources Congress 2003
[14] One and Two Dimensional Model Studies for
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Creek due to Development of Proposed International
Airport at Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
Review of CWPRS Draft Report
[15] Identification and classification of flood prone areas
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