The document describes calibrating and validating the parameters of the HEC-HMS hydrological model for the Kharkai River Basin in eastern India. The objectives are to calibrate parameters like initial loss, constant rate, impervious area, lag time and peaking coefficient that affect rainfall-runoff processes. The validated model is used to compute flood peaks and times to peak from rainfall events. Model performance is evaluated using statistical measures for the study area. Calibration results show the model can accurately predict peak flood volumes and times to peak, indicating HEC-HMS is suitable for modeling the Kharkai catchment.

1. Calibration & Validation of HEC-HMS Parameters for
Kharkai River Basin (Eastern India)
Under the guidance of
Dr. P. K . Parhi
Presented by:
Madhurendra Madhukar
Reg.No: CUJ/I/2010/IWEM/10

2. Introduction
 Rainfall – Runoff process is most frequent event in Hydrology.
 It determines the magnitude of runoff from watershed resulting from rainfall.
 Hydrological modelling is the most commonly tool to estimate the basins
hydrological response.
 Rainfall-Runoff model helps to compute – Runoff volume, Peak runoff rate,
Base flow and loss rate.
 It is employed for - Flood protection, Forecasting of real time flood, Water
demand forecasting, Water resources management and to assess the change in
stream flow.

3. Need of Present Study
• Major tributary of Subarnarekha
River.
• Since it is a fast flowing river, due
to incessant rains the river has
created so much of flood in the
year 2008 & 2011 in the state of
Odisha and Jharkhand which has
damaged human and animal life
badly.
Objective of Study
• To calibrate and validate various
hydrologic parameters of HEC-HMS
which affects the rainfall runoff
process in the basin (Eastern India).
• To determine flood peak and time to
peak due to a rainfall event of
Kharkai river basin using validated
parameters.
• To compute the models performance
using different statistical approaches
for the study area.

4. River Profile
Study AreaMaterials & Methods

5. Geographical Area of Sub basins Thiessen Polygon
Land Use Pattern of Kharkai River Basin
Subbasins Area (km2)
Kharkai 3610
Sanjai 2061
Upper basin 144
Location of Rain Gauge stations
Total Area
5815 km2

6. Gauge Weight
Gauge Station (GS) Subbasins Gauge Weight (GW)
Jamshedpur Kharkai 0.025
Tiring Kharkai 0.502
Rairangpur Kharkai 0.477
Jamshedpur Sanjai 0.171
Tiring Sanjai 0.833
Jamshedpur Upper Subbasin 0.973

7. Components of HEC-HMS model
• Basin Model- represented by different hydrological element like sub basin, junction
and sink.
• It consists of Canopy method, Surface method, Loss method, Transform method
and Base flow method.
Canopy Method
• Intended to represent
the presence of plants in
landscape.
• This parameter is not
considered due to
unavailability of data
and it does not show
much impact in the
rainfall–runoff process.
Surface Method
• It is intended to
represent the
ground surface.
• This parameter is
not considered due
to unavailability of
data and it doesn’t
shows much impact
in the rainfall runoff
process.
Initial Loss
• Initial loss specifies the
amount of incoming
precipitation that will be
infiltrated or stored in
the watershed before
surface runoff begins.
• The tentative value taken
for initial loss is the
amount of rainfall before
surface runoff begins.
Constant Loss Rate
• Determines the rate
of infiltration that
will occur after the
initial loss is
satisfied.

8. Impervious factor
• The percentage of the sub
basin which is directly
connected impervious area
can be specified.
• the tentative value taken
for impervious based upon
the percentage of area
which is impervious.
Standard Lag
• The standard lag is
defined as the length of
time between the
centroid of precipitation
mass and the peak flow
of the resulting
hydrograph.
• For this study the
tentative value taken for
standard lag is 1, 2,
3….n hour.
Peaking Coefficient
• The peaking coefficient
measures the steepness
of the hydrograph that
results from a unit of
precipitation.
• For this study the
peaking coefficient is
considered from 0.4 to
0.8 for calibration.
Recession base flow
• The recession baseflow
method is the typical
behavior observed in
watersheds, when
channel flow recedes
exponentially after an
event.
• For this study the
tentative value vary
for Recession constant
is 0.85 to 0.99 and
ratio to peak is the
ratio of base flow at
current time to the
base flow one day
earlier.

9. Calibration of HEC-HMS Parameters
SI. No Name of Parameter Calibrated Value
1 Initial Loss (mm) 0.22
2 Constant Rate (mm/h) 7.8
3 Impervious (%) 42
4 Standard Lag (hour) 3.6
5 Peaking Coefficient 0.56
6 Initial discharge (m3/s) 2.23
7 Recession Constant 0.90
8 Ratio 0.28
Input parameters for calibration for
Sanjai Sub basin (2161 Km2 )
Input parameters for calibration for
Kharkai Sub basin (3610 Km2 )
SI. No Name of Parameter Calibrated Value
1 Initial Loss (mm) 0.5
2 Constant Rate (mm/h) 5.6
3 Impervious (%) 34
4 Standard Lag (hour) 3.6
5 Peaking Coefficient 0.56
6 Initial discharge (m3/s) 3.2
7 Recession Constant 0.90
8 Ratio 0.10

10. Input parameters for calibration for
Upper Sub basin (20161 Km2 )
SI. No Name of Parameter Calibrated Value
1 Initial Loss (mm) 0.20
2 Constant Rate (mm/h) 4.5
3 Impervious (%) 35
4 Standard Lag (hour) 3.6
5 Peaking Coefficient 0.50
6 Initial discharge (m3/s) 1.0
7 Recession Constant 0.90
8 Ratio 0.20
Input parameters for Muskingum Routing.
Muskingum K (HR) 1.65
Muskingum X 0.4
• The Muskingum K -- travel time through the reach. It can be
estimated from knowledge of the cross section properties and
flow properties.
• The Muskingum X is the weighting between inflow and
outflow influence; it ranges from 0.0 up to 0.5.

11. Comparison of Observed Discharge and Calculated Discharge for Calibration
Calibration of HEC-HMS parameters

12. Flood hydrograph (Calibrated) for Sanjai Subbasin
Flood hydrograph (Calibrated) for Kharkai Subbasin
Flood hydrograph (Calibrated) for Upper Subbasin
Flood Hydrograph (Calibrated) at Outlet

13. Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency of Model (Calibration)

14. Validation of HEC-HMS Parameters
Comparison of Observed Discharge and Computed Discharge for validation

15. Flood hydrograph (validated) for Sanjai Sub basin
Flood hydrograph (validated) for Kharkai Sub basin
Flood hydrograph (validated) for Upper Sub basin
Flood hydrograph (validated) at Junction

16. Flood Hydrograph (validated) at Outlet
Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency of Model (Validation)

17. Comparison of Observed and Calculated Flow Hydrograph for (Calibration)
RESULT & DISCUSSION

18. Comparison of Observed and Calculated Flow Hydrograph for (Validation)

19. CONCLUSION
From the above study
 The model can predict the peak flood volume and time to peak accurately based on the
available historical flood data. This shows that HEC-HMS is suitable for the Kharkhai
catchment effectively.
 The structure of HEC-HMS is simple, it is a powerful tool for flood forecasting. Despite
difficulties, limitations and uncertainties associated with obtaining observations and
measured parameters.

20. THANKS…..