The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
This is a special type of LPP in which the objective function is to find the optimum allocation of a number of tasks (jobs) to an equal number of facilities (persons). Here we make the assumption that each person can perform each job but with varying degree of efficiency. For example, a departmental head may have 4 persons available for assignment and 4 jobs to fill. Then his interest is to find the best assignment which will be in the best interest of the department.
This is one of the topic covered here to give a flavour of the Operations Research(OR) topics covered in the CD ROM.This ebook will be available by the end of September 2014 on snapdeal website.The OR topics covered are simplified through a number of solved illustrations and will be useful to BMS,MMS.MBA and CA students.
This is a special type of LPP in which the objective function is to find the optimum allocation of a number of tasks (jobs) to an equal number of facilities (persons). Here we make the assumption that each person can perform each job but with varying degree of efficiency. For example, a departmental head may have 4 persons available for assignment and 4 jobs to fill. Then his interest is to find the best assignment which will be in the best interest of the department.
This is one of the topic covered here to give a flavour of the Operations Research(OR) topics covered in the CD ROM.This ebook will be available by the end of September 2014 on snapdeal website.The OR topics covered are simplified through a number of solved illustrations and will be useful to BMS,MMS.MBA and CA students.
The assignment problem is a special case of transportation problem in which the objective is to assign ‘m’ jobs or workers to ‘n’ machines such that the cost incurred is minimized.
Assignment Chapter - Q & A Compilation by Niraj ThapaCA Niraj Thapa
My name is Niraj Thapa. I have compiled Assignment Chapter including SM, PM & Exam Questions of AMA.
You feedback on this will be valuable inputs for me to proceed further.
Solving ONE’S interval linear assignment problemIJERA Editor
In this paper to introduce a matrix ones interval linear assignment method or MOILA -method for solving wide range of problem. An example using matrix ones interval linear assignment methods and the existing Hungarian method have been solved and compared. Also some of the variations and some special cases in assignment problem and its applications have been discussed ,the proposed method is a systematic procedure, easy to apply and can be utilized for all types of assignment problem with maximize or minimize objective functions
The assignment problem is a special case of transportation problem in which the objective is to assign ‘m’ jobs or workers to ‘n’ machines such that the cost incurred is minimized.
Assignment Chapter - Q & A Compilation by Niraj ThapaCA Niraj Thapa
My name is Niraj Thapa. I have compiled Assignment Chapter including SM, PM & Exam Questions of AMA.
You feedback on this will be valuable inputs for me to proceed further.
Solving ONE’S interval linear assignment problemIJERA Editor
In this paper to introduce a matrix ones interval linear assignment method or MOILA -method for solving wide range of problem. An example using matrix ones interval linear assignment methods and the existing Hungarian method have been solved and compared. Also some of the variations and some special cases in assignment problem and its applications have been discussed ,the proposed method is a systematic procedure, easy to apply and can be utilized for all types of assignment problem with maximize or minimize objective functions
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
MATLAB DOCUMENTATION ON SOME OF THE MODULES
A.Generate videos in which a skeleton of a person doing the following Gestures.
1.Tilting his head to right and left
2.Tilting his hand to right and left
3.Walking
in matlab.
B. Write a MATLAB program that converts a decimal number to Roman number and vice versa.
C.Using EZ plot & anonymous functions plot the following:
· Y=Sqrt(X)
· Y= X^2
· Y=e^(-XY)
D.Take your picture and
· Show R, G, B channels along with RGB Image in same figure using sub figure.
· Convert into HSV( Hue, saturation and value) and show the H,S,V channels along with HSV image
E.Record your name pronounced by yourself. Try to display the signal(name) in a plot vs Time, using matlab.
F.Write a script to open a new figure and plot five circles, all centered at the origin and with increasing radii. Set the line width for each circle to something thick (at least 2 points), and use the colors from a 5-color jet colormap (jet).
G. NEWTON RAPHSON AND SECANT METHOD
H.Write any one of the program to do following things using file concept.
1.Create or Open a file
2. Read data from the file and write data to another file
3. Append some text to already existed file
4. Close the file
I.Write a function to perform following set operations
1.Union of A and B
2. Intersection of A and B
3. Complement of A and B
(Assume A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B= {2, 4, 6})
Tensor representations in signal processing and machine learning (tutorial ta...Tatsuya Yokota
Tutorial talk in APSIPA-ASC 2020.
Title: Tensor representations in signal processing and machine learning.
Introduction to tensor decomposition (テンソル分解入門)
Basics of tensor decomposition (テンソル分解の基礎)
Page 1 of 3 MATH133 Unit 4 Functions and Their Graphs .docxalfred4lewis58146
Page 1 of 3
MATH133 Unit 4: Functions and Their Graphs
Individual Project Assignment: Version 2A
IMPORTANT: Please see Question 3 under Problem 2 for special instructions for this
week’s IP assignment. This is mandatory.
Show all of your work details, explanations, and answers on the Unit 4 IP Answer Form
provided.
Problem 1: Children’s Growth
A study of the data representing the approximate average heights of children from birth to 12
years (144 months) has shown the following two equations. The function is the radical
function representing the girls’ heights in inches after x months, and the function is the radical
function representing the boys’ heights in inches after x months ( months).
( ) √
( ) √
1. Choose five different values of x between 0 and 144 months, and calculate the values of each of
these functions for the chosen x values. Show all of your work and display these calculated values
of ( ) and ( ) in “t-tables” in the Answer Form supplied.
2. Use these five different values of x and the corresponding calculated values of both functions,
together with Excel or another graphing utility, to draw the graphs of these two functions. These
graphs should be drawn on the same coordinate system so that the two functions can be easily
compared. Insert those graphs into the Answer Form.
3. Set the two functions equal to each other, and solve the resulting radical equation for x. This
value of x will be the age in months when boys and girls are the same height. (Show all of the
steps for solving this radical equation on the Answer Form provided.)
4. What is the height in inches when boys and girls (according to these radical functions) are the
same height? (Show all of your work on the Answer Form provided.)
5. Based on each of the two radical functions above, what is the average change in height per
month for girls and the average change in height per month for boys between the two values of
x (x = 30 months and x = 60 months)? (Show all of your work on the Answer Form provided.)
Page 2 of 3
6. Describe the transformations of the radical function ( ) √ that will result in each of these
functions.
7. Which intellipath Learning Nodes helped you with this problem?
Problem 2: Average Cost
Your company is making a product item. The fixed costs for making this product are b, and the variable
costs are mx, where x is the number of items produced. The cost function is the following linear function:
( )
The average cost is the total costs divided by the number of items produced, which is a rational function,
as follows:
̅
1. Based on the first letter of your last name, choose values for m and b from the following tables
(Neither m nor b has to be a whole number):
First letter of your last name Possible values for m
A–F $10–$19
G–L $20–$29
M–R $30–$39
S–Z $40–$49
First letter of .
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This paper is explaining that how only leadership is responsible for sustainable improvement and
growth and only it can lead the organization towards improvement and overall development. Leadership and its
effectiveness are discussed in this research work and also how leadership is a different way of the success of the
organization and different from the traditional management to create true work-culture and good-will of the
organization in the social scene. Leadership is only responsible in bringing positive and negative change in the
organization; if the leadership doesn’t have the concern in the organization, the organization will not be able to
lead in the right direction towards improvement and development.
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
n today’s society, we stand before a change in energy scarcity. As our civilization grows, many
countries in thedeveloping world seek to have the standard of living that has been exclusive to a few nations, so
their arises a need in thedevelopment of technology that is compatible enough with the resources provided by
nature in order to have sustainabledevelopment to all class of the society. In order to overcomethe prevailing
challenges of huge energy crises in near future, there is an urgent need for the development of electrical
vehiclesor hybrid electrical vehicles with low CO2 emissions using renewable energy sources. In view of the
above, electrochemicalcapacitors can fulfil the requirements to some extent.Preparation of nano composite
polymer gel electrolyte is the best optional product to overcome these problems. When fillers are added or
dispersed to the polymer gel electrolyte, amorphous or porous nature of electrolyte increases which enhances
the liquid absorbing quality of polymer and helps in removing the drawbacks of polymer gel electrolytes such as
leakage, poor mechanical and thermal stability etc. In this work dispersion of SiO2 nano filler is done in the
[PVdF (HFP)-PC-Mg (ClO4)2] for the synthesis of nano composite PGE [PVdF (HFP)-PC-MgClO4- SiO2].
Optimization and characterization was carried out by using various techniques.
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
A Study of Data Storage Security Issues in Cloud Computingvivatechijri
Cloudcomputingprovidesondemandservicestoitsclients.Datastorageisamongoneoftheprimaryservices providedbycloudcomputing.Cloudserviceproviderhoststhedataofdataownerontheirserverandusercan accesstheirdatafromtheseservers.Asdata,ownersandserversaredifferentidentities,theparadigmofdata storagebringsupmanysecuritychallenges.Anindependentmechanismisrequiredtomakesurethatdatais correctlyhostedintothecloudstorageserver.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthedifferenttechniquesthatare usedforsecuredatastorageoncloud. Cloud computing is a functional paradigm that is evolving and making IT utilization easier by the day for consumers. Cloud computing offers standardized applications to users online and in a manner that can be accessed regularly. Such applications can be accessed by as many persons as permitted within an organization without bothering about the maintenance of such application. The Cloud also provides a channel to design and deploy user applications including its storage space and database without bothering about the underlying operating system. The application can run without consideration for on premise infrastructure. Also, the Cloud makes massive storage available both for data and databases. Storage of data on the Cloud is one of the core activities in Cloud computing. Storage utilizes infrastructure spread across several geographical locations.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Runway Orientation Based on the Wind Rose Diagram.pptx
A study on solving Assignment Problem
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
E-21
A study on solving Assignment Problem
Prof. Ramashankar Prajapati, Dr. Ajazul Haque,
Dr. Jayesh Jain, Prof. Shiksha Singh
(Humanities & Applied Sciences, Viva Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract: The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method.
Keywords: Assignment issue, HA-method, assignment method of Matrix one, Proposed method, Optimization.
I. Introduction
We often encounter situations during which we have we’ve got to assign n jobs to n workers. All n workers are
capable of doing all jobs, but with a varying cost. Hence our task is to search out the simplest possible assignment
that offers maximum efficiency and minimum cost. Example, assigning activities to students, subjects to teachers,
different routes of pizza delivery boys, salesmen to different regions, jobs to machines, products to factories,
research problems to groups, vehicles and drivers to different routes etc. An issue of this nature is named an
assignment problem.
II. Definition
Assignment problem may be a special kind of problem which deals with allocation of assorted resources to varied
activities on one to 1 basis. It’s tired such some way that the whole cost or time involved within the process is
minimum or the whole profit is maximum.
III. Conditions
i) Number of jobs is capable number of machines or workers.
ii) Each worker or machine is assigned to just one job.
iii) Each worker or machine is independently capable of handling any job.
iv) Objective of the assignment is clearly specified (minimizing cost or maximizing profit)
3.1 Assignment Model:
Given n workers and n jobs with the price of each worker for each job, the matter is to assign each worker to at
least one and only 1 job so on to optimize the full cost.
2. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
E-22
𝑖=1
𝑖𝑗
𝑖𝑗
Let 𝐶𝑖𝑗 be the cost of assigning 𝑖𝑡ℎ to 𝑗𝑡ℎ job, 𝑥𝑖𝑗 be the assignment of 𝑖𝑡ℎ worker to 𝑗𝑡ℎ job and 𝑥𝑖𝑗 = 1, if 𝑖𝑡ℎ
worker is assigned to 𝑗𝑡ℎ job = 0, otherwise
Following table represents the value of assigning n workers to n jobs.
Worker Jobs
1 2 3 … … n
1 𝐶11 𝐶12 𝐶13 𝐶1𝑛
2 𝐶21 𝐶22 𝐶23 𝐶2𝑛
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
N 𝐶𝑛1 𝐶𝑛2 𝐶𝑛3 … … 𝐶𝑛𝑛
The objective is to form assignments that minimize the entire cost.
Thus, an assignment problem will be represented by n x n matrix which covers all the n! possible ways of
constructing assignments.
Assignment Problem may be a special case of Applied Math Problem.
Assignment problem will be expressed symbolically as follows:
Minimize Z = ∑𝑛 𝑛
𝑖=1 𝐶𝑖𝑗 𝑥𝑖𝑗
Subject to constraints
𝑛
∑ 𝑥 = 1; 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, …𝑛
𝑗=1
(exactly one job is assigned to 𝑖𝑡ℎ worker)
𝑛
∑ 𝑥 = 1; 𝑖 = 1, 2, 3, … 𝑛
𝑖=1
(exactly one worker is assigned to 𝑗𝑡ℎ job where 𝑥𝑖𝑗 takes a worth 0 or 1.
3.2 Hungarian method is predicated on the subsequent properties:
1) If a relentless (positive or negative) is added to each element of any row or column within the given cost matrix,
an assignment that minimizes the overall cost within the original matrix also minimizes the overall cost within the
revised matrix.
2) In an assignment problem, an answer having zero total cost of assignment is an optimal solution.
The Hungarian algorithm is explained with the assistance of the subsequent example.
Consider an example where 4 jobs have to be performed by 4 workers, one job per worker. The matrix below
shows the value of assigning a specific worker to a particular job. The target is to attenuate the whole cost of
assignment.
Workers Jobs
𝐽1 𝐽2 𝐽3 𝐽4
𝑊
1
62 63 50 72
𝑊
2
57 35 49 60
𝑊
3
21 49 15 56
𝑊
4
18 19 78 23
3.2 Let us solve this problem by Hungarian method.
Step 1: Subtract the littlest element of every row from every element of that row.
∑
3. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
E-23
Workers Jobs
𝐽1 𝐽2 𝐽3 𝐽4
𝑊
1
12 13 0 22
𝑊
2
22 0 14 25
𝑊
3
6 34 0 41
𝑊
4
0 1 60 5
Step 2: Subtract the littlest element of every column from every element of that column.
Workers Jobs
𝐽1 𝐽2 𝐽3 𝐽4
𝑊
1
12 13 0 17
𝑊
2
22 0 14 20
𝑊
3
6 34 0 36
𝑊
4
0 1 60 0
Step 3: Assign through zeros.
Workers Jobs
√
√
√
𝑊1 12 13 ⓪ 17
𝑊2 22 ⓪ 14 20
𝑊3 6 34 0 36
𝑊4 ⓪ 1 60 0
Observe that third row doesn’t contain an assignment.
Step 4: 1. Mark (√) the row (𝑅3).
2. Mark (√) the columns (𝐶3) having zeros within the marked rows.
3. Mark (√) the row (𝑅3) which contains assignment in marked column.
4. Draw lines through the marked columns and unmarked rows.
Workers Jobs
√
𝑊1 12 13 ⓪ 17
√
√
𝑊2 22 ⓪ 14 20
𝑊3 6 34 0 36
𝑊4 ⓪ 1 60 0
All zeros will be covered using 3 lines
So, number of lines = 3 and order of matrix = 4
Hence, the quantity of lines required ≠ order of matrix.
Therefore, we continue with the subsequent step to form additional zeros.
Step 4: (i) Find the littlest uncovered element (6)
(ii) Subtract this number
3.3 Steps of the Hungarian Method:
Following steps describe the Hungarian Method.
Step 1. Subtract the minimum cost in each row of the price matrix from all the weather within the respective row.
4. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
E-24
Step 2. Subtract the minimum cost in each column of the value matrix from all the weather in the respective
column
Step 3. Starting with the primary row, check the rows step by step until a row containing exactly single zero is
found. Make an assignment by marking () that zero. Then cross (×) all other zeros within the column within
which the assignment was made. This eliminates the livelihood of constructing further assignments in this column.
Step 4. After examining all the rows, repeat the same procedure for columns. i.e. examine the columns one by one
until a column containing exactly one zero is found. Make an assignment by marking () that zero. Then cross
(×) all other zeros within the row within which the assignment was made.
Step 5. Continue these successive operations on rows and columns until all the zeros are either assigned or crossed
out and there’s exactly one assignment for each row and each column. In such case optimal solution is obtained.
Step 6. There could be some rows (or columns) without assignments i.e. the entire number of marked zeros is a
smaller amount than the order of the price matrix. In such case, proceed to step 7.
Step 7. Draw the smallest amount possible number of horizontal and vertical lines to hide all zeros.
This can be done as follows:
i) Mark ( ) the rows within which no assignment has been made.
ii) Mark ( ) the column having zeros within the marked rows.
iii) Mark ( ) rows which contain assignments in marked columns.
iv) Repeat 2 and three until the chain of marking is completed.
v) Draw straight lines through marked columns.
vi) Draw straight lines through unmarked rows.
By this fashion we draw the minimum number of horizontal and vertical lines required to cover all zeros. If the
amount of lines is less than the order of matrix, then there’s no solution. And if the minimum number of lines is
adequate to the order of matrix, then there is an answer and it’s optimal.
Step 8. If minimum number of lines < order of matrix, then
a) Select the littlest element not covered by any of the lines of the table.
3.4 Solve the following assignment using Hungarian Assignment Method:
Operator Machine
I II III IV V
1 18 24 19 20 23
2 19 21 20 18 22
3 22 23 20 21 23
4 20 18 21 19 19
5 18 22 23 22 21
Step 1: Subtract the smallest element of each row from each element of that row.
I II III IV V
1 0 6 1 2 4
2 1 3 2 0 3
3 2 3 0 1 3
4 2 0 3 1 1
5 0 4 5 4 3
5. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
E-25
Step 2: Subtract the smallest element of column from each element of that column.
I II III IV V
1 0 6 1 2 4
2 1 3 2 0 3
3 2 3 0 1 2
4 2 0 3 1 0
5 0 4 5 4 2
Step 3: Draw minimum number of lines (horizontal and vertical) that are required to cover all zeros in the matrix.
⓪
Here, minimum number of lines (4) < order of matrix (5). Therefore, we continue with the next step to create
additional zeros.
Step 4: (i) Find the smallest uncovered element (1)
(ii) Subtract this number from all uncovered elements and add it to all elements which lie at the intersection of
two lines.
I II III IV V
1 0 5 0 1 3 √
√
√
2 2 3 2 ⓪ 3
3 3 2 ⓪ 1 2
4 3 ⓪ 3 1 0
5 ⓪ 3 4 3 1
Here, minimum number of lines (4) < order of matrix (5). Therefore, we continue with the next step to create
additional zeros.
Step 5: (i) Find the smallest uncovered element (1)
(ii) Subtract this number from all uncovered elements and add it to all elements which lie at the intersection of
two lines.
(iii) Then assign through zeros.
I II III IV V
1 ⓪ 4 0 0 2
2 4 3 3 ⓪ 3
3 3 1 ⓪ 0 1
4 4 ⓪ 4 0 0
5 0 2 4 2 ⓪
Optimal Solution: 1→I, 2→IV, 3→III, 4→II, 5→V
Minimum Value = 18 + 18 + 20 +18 + 21 = 95
IV. Conclusion
I II III IV V
√
√
1 ⓪ 6 1 2 4
2 1 3 2 ⓪ 3
3 2 3 1 2
4 2 ⓪ 3 1 0
5 0 4 5 4 2
6. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
E-26
In this paper, we explained the proposed algorithm and, by numerical illustration, demonstrated its effectiveness.
And we get the optimal solution, which is the same as the HA-method and MOA-method optimal solutions. This
paper therefore presents a new approach that is easy to address the issue of assignment.
V. References
[1]. Operation Research – An Introduction by H A Taha
[2]. Hamdy A. Tsaha, 2007, Operations Research, an introduction, 8th
Ed..
[3]. Operation Research by Gupta Prem Kumar and Hira D S
[4]. Operation Research by Panneerselvam and R