International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This project deals with the design and development of a robotic vehicle that is used to work as a SPY. This
robot is controlled by using a Touch Screen of Android mobile with the help of software and also by using
Voice control technique. It has a wireless camera which can rotate up and down, left and right and it will send
back real time video and audio inputs which can be seen on a remote monitor in the base station from where the
robot is being controlled and action can be taken accordingly. It also has sensors which senses the obstacles
found. if there is any obstacle it will stop and search for nearby easier way and if there is no easy way found
then it will fly to cross that obstacle. It can silently enter into an enemy area and send us all the information
through its camera eyes. This spy robot can be used in star hotels, shopping malls, jewellery show rooms, etc.,
where there can be threat from intruders or terrorists. Since human life is always precious, these robots are a
replacement for fighters against terrorist in war areas.
Android/GUI Controlled Bluetooth Spy Robot (SPY-BOT)IJERA Editor
The robotic vehicle can be controlled by a PC or an android device. The GUI interface used to control the robot is developed in MATLAB, and the android app is developed using MIT appinventor 2. The robotic vehicle is equipped with an IP web camera for GUI interface and another wireless camera having night vision capability for remote monitoring/spying purposes. This system can be used in sensitive areas where humans cannot enter directly. The commands provided by android application/GUI interface are used to move the robot in front, back and left right directions. The vehicle consists of a Bluetooth receiver interfaced to a PIC microcontroller. On receiving command from the receiver, the PIC microcontroller operates on the movement of motor through a driver IC. The android device or laptop can operate the vehicle at a good Bluetooth communication range. The night vision camera mounted on robot allows for efficient spying even in darkest areas using infrared lighting.
This project deals with the design and development of a robotic vehicle that is used to work as a SPY. This
robot is controlled by using a Touch Screen of Android mobile with the help of software and also by using
Voice control technique. It has a wireless camera which can rotate up and down, left and right and it will send
back real time video and audio inputs which can be seen on a remote monitor in the base station from where the
robot is being controlled and action can be taken accordingly. It also has sensors which senses the obstacles
found. if there is any obstacle it will stop and search for nearby easier way and if there is no easy way found
then it will fly to cross that obstacle. It can silently enter into an enemy area and send us all the information
through its camera eyes. This spy robot can be used in star hotels, shopping malls, jewellery show rooms, etc.,
where there can be threat from intruders or terrorists. Since human life is always precious, these robots are a
replacement for fighters against terrorist in war areas.
Android/GUI Controlled Bluetooth Spy Robot (SPY-BOT)IJERA Editor
The robotic vehicle can be controlled by a PC or an android device. The GUI interface used to control the robot is developed in MATLAB, and the android app is developed using MIT appinventor 2. The robotic vehicle is equipped with an IP web camera for GUI interface and another wireless camera having night vision capability for remote monitoring/spying purposes. This system can be used in sensitive areas where humans cannot enter directly. The commands provided by android application/GUI interface are used to move the robot in front, back and left right directions. The vehicle consists of a Bluetooth receiver interfaced to a PIC microcontroller. On receiving command from the receiver, the PIC microcontroller operates on the movement of motor through a driver IC. The android device or laptop can operate the vehicle at a good Bluetooth communication range. The night vision camera mounted on robot allows for efficient spying even in darkest areas using infrared lighting.
These robot used in military are usually employed with the integrated system, including video screens, sensors, gripper and cameras. Android application controlled WARFARE ROBOT, built in with Robotic arm mechanism to pick up or place small objects like explosives , an on board Wireless video camera, Infrared based surface depth and irregularities perception and android application for movement and other controls of the Robot. The robot will serve as an appropriate gadget for the defence sector to reduce the loss of human life. Sushmita Shivalkar | Geeta Yadav | Swapnali Patil | Sakshi Dale ""Warfare Robot"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22888.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/22888/warfare-robot/sushmita-shivalkar
Robot which can be controlled remotely by an Android smartphone.
The robot works through a “AC Robot” android app. The app is designed by us and made available to open source. The app and source code can be downloaded from the url (http://tinyurl.com/kh7zgex).
Surveillance Robot for Military Application Using ARMIJTET Journal
In the modern day robotics development in many field as too that enrich in military applications also as per that this robot SURVEILLANCE MONITORING ROBOT FOR MILITARY APPLCATION USING ARM monitor the defense area that is in our country borders. It is an forest area and every time commanders were not available in same area they move over different places at that time terrorist can easily enter into our nation. This robot perform main role there that PIR sensor in the robot will send the intimation and danger warning to the control room that unauthorized person entering that time we alert our soldiers to move to that place this operation were control using ARM7 controller. Another important component GPS exactly say which position the robot is now monitoring then it will be easy to soldiers to survey the area soon.And for communicating between control room and robot we are using ZIGBEE.Another one sensor TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM35 is used to monitor temperature in that area that is used to intimate us what is the temperature level in that area if any BOMB BLAST OR FIRE ACCIDENT in that area.
Servo Based 5 Axis Robotic Arm Project ReportRobo India
Robo India presents a project report on servo motor based 5 axis robotic arm.
This project is operated through PC software that is made in Visual Basic. AVR family's Atmel Atmega 8 is used in controller board, it runs on Arduino IDE platform.
Detailed mechnical drawings of all of the parts are also given.
We welcome all of your views and queries.
Thanks & Regards
Team Robo India
www.roboindia.com
info@roboindia.com
Robotics has been a staple of advanced manufacturing for over half a century. As robots and their peripheral equipment become more sophisticated, reliable and miniaturized, these systems are increasingly being utilized for military and law enforcement purposes. Mobile robotics plays an increasingly important role in military matters, from patrol to dealing with potential explosives. With suitable sensors and cameras to perform different missions, mobile robots are operated remotely for reconnaissance patrol and relay back video images to an operator. With the development of modern technology such as zigbee technology aims to exchange data wirelessly at a short distance using radio wave transmission comprising features to create ease, perception and controllability. This paper presents a modern approach for surveillance at remote and border areas using multifunctional robot based on zigbee technology used in defense and military applications. The robotic vehicle works both as a manually controlled vehicle using zigbee as communication medium. This robotic vehicle has ability to substitute the solider at border areas to provide surveillance. The robotic vehicle works by manually controlling robotic vehicle by using zigbee as communication medium. And this multisensory robot is mainly used to detect bomb, defense soldier and it can act as a spy robot.
The purpose of this project is to control robot with an interface board of the Raspberry Pi, sensors and software to full fill real time requirement.
Controlling DC motors, different sensors, camera interfacing with raspberry Pi using GPIO pin.
Live streaming, Command the robot easily, sends data of different sensors which works automatically or control from anywhere at any time.
Design of the website and control page of robot is done using Java tools and HTML. This system works on IOT concept.
This will enable Raspberry Pi to be used for more robotic applications and cut down the cost for building an IOT Robot.
In our contemporary world of science & technology, most of us are
going for automation. Robotics covers a large area in the automated
world and robotic arm has become popular in the world of robotics.
Robotic arm can do such operations which are difficult & dangerous
for human (e.g. removing mines, mining operations and so on). Even
robotic arm is doing critical surgery of brain. In our project of robotic
arm, our main intention was to control it by the microcontroller. By
doing this we miniaturized the control section of the robotic arm.
These robot used in military are usually employed with the integrated system, including video screens, sensors, gripper and cameras. Android application controlled WARFARE ROBOT, built in with Robotic arm mechanism to pick up or place small objects like explosives , an on board Wireless video camera, Infrared based surface depth and irregularities perception and android application for movement and other controls of the Robot. The robot will serve as an appropriate gadget for the defence sector to reduce the loss of human life. Sushmita Shivalkar | Geeta Yadav | Swapnali Patil | Sakshi Dale ""Warfare Robot"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22888.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/22888/warfare-robot/sushmita-shivalkar
Robot which can be controlled remotely by an Android smartphone.
The robot works through a “AC Robot” android app. The app is designed by us and made available to open source. The app and source code can be downloaded from the url (http://tinyurl.com/kh7zgex).
Surveillance Robot for Military Application Using ARMIJTET Journal
In the modern day robotics development in many field as too that enrich in military applications also as per that this robot SURVEILLANCE MONITORING ROBOT FOR MILITARY APPLCATION USING ARM monitor the defense area that is in our country borders. It is an forest area and every time commanders were not available in same area they move over different places at that time terrorist can easily enter into our nation. This robot perform main role there that PIR sensor in the robot will send the intimation and danger warning to the control room that unauthorized person entering that time we alert our soldiers to move to that place this operation were control using ARM7 controller. Another important component GPS exactly say which position the robot is now monitoring then it will be easy to soldiers to survey the area soon.And for communicating between control room and robot we are using ZIGBEE.Another one sensor TEMPERATURE SENSOR LM35 is used to monitor temperature in that area that is used to intimate us what is the temperature level in that area if any BOMB BLAST OR FIRE ACCIDENT in that area.
Servo Based 5 Axis Robotic Arm Project ReportRobo India
Robo India presents a project report on servo motor based 5 axis robotic arm.
This project is operated through PC software that is made in Visual Basic. AVR family's Atmel Atmega 8 is used in controller board, it runs on Arduino IDE platform.
Detailed mechnical drawings of all of the parts are also given.
We welcome all of your views and queries.
Thanks & Regards
Team Robo India
www.roboindia.com
info@roboindia.com
Robotics has been a staple of advanced manufacturing for over half a century. As robots and their peripheral equipment become more sophisticated, reliable and miniaturized, these systems are increasingly being utilized for military and law enforcement purposes. Mobile robotics plays an increasingly important role in military matters, from patrol to dealing with potential explosives. With suitable sensors and cameras to perform different missions, mobile robots are operated remotely for reconnaissance patrol and relay back video images to an operator. With the development of modern technology such as zigbee technology aims to exchange data wirelessly at a short distance using radio wave transmission comprising features to create ease, perception and controllability. This paper presents a modern approach for surveillance at remote and border areas using multifunctional robot based on zigbee technology used in defense and military applications. The robotic vehicle works both as a manually controlled vehicle using zigbee as communication medium. This robotic vehicle has ability to substitute the solider at border areas to provide surveillance. The robotic vehicle works by manually controlling robotic vehicle by using zigbee as communication medium. And this multisensory robot is mainly used to detect bomb, defense soldier and it can act as a spy robot.
The purpose of this project is to control robot with an interface board of the Raspberry Pi, sensors and software to full fill real time requirement.
Controlling DC motors, different sensors, camera interfacing with raspberry Pi using GPIO pin.
Live streaming, Command the robot easily, sends data of different sensors which works automatically or control from anywhere at any time.
Design of the website and control page of robot is done using Java tools and HTML. This system works on IOT concept.
This will enable Raspberry Pi to be used for more robotic applications and cut down the cost for building an IOT Robot.
In our contemporary world of science & technology, most of us are
going for automation. Robotics covers a large area in the automated
world and robotic arm has become popular in the world of robotics.
Robotic arm can do such operations which are difficult & dangerous
for human (e.g. removing mines, mining operations and so on). Even
robotic arm is doing critical surgery of brain. In our project of robotic
arm, our main intention was to control it by the microcontroller. By
doing this we miniaturized the control section of the robotic arm.
Defense Robotic Model For War Field Using XBee (REPORT)WizApsProjects
The face of war is changing, and it may no longer be a human one. Developing new technology has always been a cornerstone of a successful military force, but now those technologies are steadily moving human soldiers from combat to management positions. Virtually every major military power is working on robotic weapons. In short, we’re outsourcing more and more of war into the hands of robots and computers. Even the conventional foot soldier has robotic and biological augmentation in his/her future. Today, Singularity Hub is taking a wide-angle look at these changes and how they will change the nature of war and our world.
Military robots are autonomous robots or remote-controlled devices designed for military applications. Such systems are currently being researched by several militaries. The objective of this Robot is to minimize human casualties in terrorist attacks such as 26/11. The combat robot has been designed to tackle such cruel terror attacks. This robot is radio-operated, self-powered, and has all the controls like a normal car. This robot can be used in star hotels, shopping malls, jewelry showrooms, etc where there can be threats from intruders or terrorists. Since human life is always precious, these robots are the replacement for fighters against terrorists in war areas.
Robotic technology has the origin from the year 1954 and has very vast application in the field like energy, health, agriculture, education, research, motion and space etc. The disadvantage of any autonomous robot is that, it is very difficult to maintain stability of its traverse condition. In this paper, we have introduced and achieved maximum stability for the traverse condition through white line following technique. Here we are using the Fire Bird V robotic technology as our robotic medium, which has the Atmega2560 as its microcontroller and where it uses Studio 4 as its controller’s software platform. The control dynamic to the robot is sent via the software platform which is embedded ‘C’ language and the traverse condition is maintained. This robot runs at step down voltage value of 9V AC supply and has also uses lithium 9v battery as a stand by back up.
Robots can be autonomous, semi-autonomous or
remotely controlled [6].
The robot arm is widely used in many industries and dangerous areas. Automatic control of the robotic
manipulator involves study of kinematic. The kinematic problem is defined as the transformation from the
Cartesian space to the joint space and vice versa This system include the kinematic control which is used for
picking and placing the object in its workspace. There are many types of robot arm in the world of engineering.
This research describes design of jointed robot arm control system using kinematic modelling. The main focus of
this system is to control the end-effector of robot arm to achieve the desired position in the workspace using
MATLAB programming, microcontroller and inverse kinematic modelling. The MATLAB window(GUI) is used
the inverse kinematic for the requirement data for the specified angle of the arm and displayed on the computer.
The description of this system is to implement the hardware components for the moving process and to control
servo motors with pulse width driving circuit. PIC and Max-232 been used to drive for the servo motors of the
control system and receiving serial data from the computer. The control program is written in Mikro-C
programming language.
A new service robot designed for cleaning tasks in home environments is introduced. System has three subsystems: electrical, software and mechanical of which micro controller, sensors (opponent and light) and motor are the electrical and mechanical subsystems respectively and the software subsystem is the brain of the robot. The cleaning robot uses a micro controller to detect obstacles and manipulates its direction as per the inputs. It is programmed to accept inputs to sense obstacles around it and control the robot to avoid any collisions. In case of an obstacle, or a potential collision, the micro controller controls the wheels of the robot by a motor driver to avoid collision. The vacuum cleaner at the bottom of the robot performs the cleaning process.
Design and implementation of Arduino based robotic armIJECEIAES
This study presents the model, design, and construction of the Arduino based robotic arm, which functions across a distance as it is controlled through a mobile application. A six degree of freedom robotic arm has been designed and implemented for the purpose of this research. The design controlled by the Arduino platform receives orders from the user’s mobile application through wireless controlling signals, that is Bluetooth. The arm is made up of five rotary joints and an end effector, where rotary motion is provided by the servomotor. Each link has been first designed using solid works and then printed by 3D printer. The assembly of the parts of the robot and the motor’s mechanical shapes produce the final prototype of the arm. The Arduino has been programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding servo motor to the sliders in the designed mobile application for usage from distance.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
GridMate - End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid...ThomasParaiso2
End to end testing is a critical piece to ensure quality and avoid regressions. In this session, we share our journey building an E2E testing pipeline for GridMate components (LWC and Aura) using Cypress, JSForce, FakerJS…
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
1. Subhranil Som Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6 (Version 3), June 2014, pp.01-06
www.ijera.com 1 | P a g e
Micro-Controller Based Obstacle Avoiding Autonomous Robot
1
Subhranil Som, 2
Arjun Shome
1,2
Department of Computer Application, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, WB, India
Abstract
Main aim of this paperwork is to study development of the obstacle avoiding spy robot, which can be operated
manually as per the operator wants to take control of the robot himself, it also can be autonomous in its actions
while intelligently moving itself by detecting the obstacles in front of it by the help of the obstacle detectable
circuit. The robot is in form of a vehicle mounted with a web cam, which acquires and sends video as per the
robots eye view to a TV or PC via a TV tuner card. The microcontroller chip ATMEGA 328 present on the
microcontroller board ARDUINO controls the movements of the robot. In manual operating conditions the user
will have a radio transmitter (tx) via which the user will send signal to the radio receiver (rx) present inside the
robot which accordingly will pass on the signal to the microcontroller board, and as per the coding of the signal
signatures burnt inside the microcontroller chip the robot will complete its movements. In Autonomous
operating conditions the user will have no control on the robot that is the robot cannot be operated via any
external controls, it will only function as per the data received from the obstacle detection circuits to the
microcontroller which will make the robot motors move accordingly as per the code written in it. The idea is to
make a robot to tackle the hostage situations & cope up with the worst conditions, which can be quiet a matter
of risk to be handled by human being.
Keywords: Obstacle avoiding, self-powered, wireless control
I. Introduction
The global focus on terrorism and security may
have geared up following the 9/11 attacks in the
USA. The risk of terrorist attack can perhaps never
be eliminated, but sensible steps can be taken to
reduce the risk. The word “Robot” was first used in a
1921 play titled R.U.R. Rossum’s Universal Robots,
by Czechoslovakian writer Karel Capek. Robot is a
Czech word meaning “worker.” Merriam-Webster
defines robot [2] as “a machine that looks like a
human being and perform various complex acts; a
device that automatically performs complicated,
often repetitive tasks; a mechanism guided by
automatic controls.” ISO describes a robot as “an
automatically controlled reprogrammable,
multipurpose manipulator programmable in three or
more axes, which may be either fixed in place or
mobile for use in industrial automation applications”.
Yet, all these definitions do give us a rough idea
about what comprises a robot, which needs to sense
the outside world and act accordingly. There are
motors, pulleys, gears, gearbox, levers, chains, and
many more mechanical systems, enabling
locomotion. There are sound, light, magnetic field
and other sensors that help the robot to collect
information about its environment. There are
Processors powered by powerful software that help
the robot make sense environmental data captured
and tell it what to do next and also microphones,
speakers, displays, etc that help the robot interact
with humans. The faithful robots do not hesitate to
tread even the dreaded terrain of battlefields [3].
Their use in Afghanistan and Iraq wars make us
wonder if robots have indeed become intelligent!
Battle robots of various shapes and sizes were
deployed to defuse landmines, search for criminals
hiding in caves, search for bombs under cars and in
building. Humans controlled these robots.
In this paper it has been involved with the
discussion of building a prototype of an Obstacle
avoiding Autonomous and manual robot, in where
the main robot brain is the ATMEL ATMEGA328
microcontroller board [4, 5], which controls the total
robot behavior as per the user needs by the use of a
motor driver circuit for wheel movements [6, 7, 8, 9]
a wireless transmitter and a receiver for the manual
wireless operations by the user, the Obstacle avoiding
circuit for obstacle detection and avoidance using IR
LEDs. And a wireless camera attached to the robot
for live transmission of the Robot’s view, which will
be wirelessly connected to a pc, a laptop or a TV and
visualized accordingly. It can be operated with both
manual and automatic modes as per the user needs.
Section II has been involved with the discussions
of Hardware details of the robot section where the
each and every hardware requirements and
specifications are mentioned for the proposed
technology. Section III comprises of Software
implementation, the use of software for the logical
coding to drive the hardware accordingly. Section IV
Comprises of the algorithm for the proposed robot
operations. Section V comprises of the applications
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Subhranil Som Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6 (Version 3), June 2014, pp.01-06
www.ijera.com 2 | P a g e
of the proposed robot. Future scope is discussed in
Section VI. Conclusive discussions are in section VII.
Section VIII is noted down the references used or
studied.
II.Hardware Implementation
The block diagram of the hardware
implementation of the entire system is as shown in
the Figure1. This robot is radio operated, self-
powered and has all the controls like a normal car.
Wireless camera will send real time video and audio
signals, which could be seen on a remote monitor,
and action can be taken accordingly.
Figure: 1
HEART OF THE ROBOT IS ATMEL’S ATMEGA328
MICRO-CONTROLLER.
II.I. Manual Mode
Micro-controller acts as master controller
decodes all the commands received from the
transmitter and give commands to slave
microcontroller. It also acts as Slave microcontroller,
which is responsible for executing all the commands
received from the master and also generating PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) pulses for the speed
control. Based on the input codes master will give
command to slave micro-controller and robot will
behave as follows.
Moves in forward direction
Moves in reverse direction,
Speed controls in both the direction
It can even turn left or right while moving forward
or in reverse direction.
Instant reverse or forward running without
stopping.
Transmission module Circuit (IC TX-2B) [12] is
given in Figure: 2.
Transmission module Circuit (IC TX-2B)
Figure: 2
Receiver Module Circuit (RX-2B) [13] is given in
Figure: 3.
Receiver Module Circuit (RX-2B)
Figure: 3
II.II. Automatic Mode
The robot will even be able to run at automatic
mode, that is, it will be an autonomous body, and the
performance of the robot will depend upon the
microcontroller installed inside it, which will only be
able to operate the robot, and it will not require any
external force or help to perform its actions, which
will be dependent on and as per the logical program
burned in the ATMEGA328 microcontroller chip.
The robot to function automatically will
require a circuit, which will provide the robot with
the help of obstacle detection and avoidance of
crashing to any sort of obstacles. The photo of the
robot is given in the Figure: 4.
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The Proposed Robot
Figure: 4
The Circuit design is provided in the Figure: 5.
Circuit Design
Figure: 5
The two IR led ground pins are connected
together to make a single ground connection, because
all grounds need to be connected together in a circuit.
The anode of the detector is connected to the
middle pin of the potentiometer, which is connected
to analog input of the Arduino.
The anode of the emitter is connected to one pin
of the resistor (220 OHMS), and the other pin of the
resistor is connected directly to 5volts. From the left
and right two pins one pin of the Potentiometer is
connected to 5 volts.
II.III. Brain of Robot
The High-Performance Atmel 8-Bit AVR RISC
– Based Micro-Controller Combines 32 KB ISP
Flash Memory With Read-While-Write Capabilities,
1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 General Purpose
I/O Lines, 32 General Purpose Working Registers,
Three Flexible Timer/Counters With Compare
Modes, Internal And External Interrupts, Serial
Programmable USART, A Byte-Oriented 2-Wire
Serial Interface, SPI Serial Port, 6-Channel 10-
Bit A/D Converter (8-Channels
In TQFP And QFN/MLF Packages), Programmable
Watchdog Timer With Internal Oscillator And Five
Software Selectable Power Saving Modes. The
Device Operates Between 1.8-5.5 Volts. By
Executing Powerful Instructions In A Single Clock
Cycle, The Device Achieves Throughputs
Approaching 1 MIPS Per Mhz, Balancing Power
Consumption And Processing Speed. Atmega328 Is
Commonly Used In Many Autonomous Systems
Where A Simple, Low-Powered, Low-Cost Micro-
Controller Is Needed [10, 11]. That Is Why This
Micro-Controller Has Been Chosen. The Pin-Out
Diagram Of The ATMEGA 328 Microcontroller Is
Given In The Figure: 6.
Pin-out diagram of the ATMEGA 328 Micro-
controller
Figure: 6
II.IV. Motor Driver Circuit
The motor circuit deals with the movement of
the robot front back left or right as been programmed
and enabled through the motor driver the H-BRIDGE
(L293DNE). The motor circuit consists of two
motors with two wheels attached to them.
The materials used to build the motor circuit are as
follows:
1. A H-BRIDGE IC
2. 12volt 300 RPM motors
3. Breadboard & Jumper Wires
The circuit diagram of the H-Bridge circuit is given
in the Figure: 7.
H-Bridge circuit
Figure: 7
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The four GND i.e. ground pins are attached
together and sent to the ground of Arduino. The two
VCC pins are the power pins VCC1 of 5 volts is the
power for the running of motors and the VCC2 (5-
12vols and above) is the power for the H-Bridge IC.
The 1,2E and 3,4E are the two enable pins of 5 volts
that is if these two pins are supplied with 5 volts both
the motors will run, and if one is given 5 volts then
the motor of that side will only be enabled to run.
The RA0, RA1, RA2, RA3 are the all-digital output
pins of the IC the RA0 and RA1 are for motor B and
the RA2, RA3 are for motor A if one pin is set high
and the other pin low then the motor will run
clockwise / anticlockwise and if the opposite is done
then vice versa. One motor is connected to 1Y and
2Y and the other is connected to 3Y and 4Y. Block
diagram of L293D mechanism is given in Figure: 8.
Block diagram of L293D mechanism
Figure: 8
II.V. Receiver Camera
It is mini wireless monitoring video camera and
wireless receiver set for home and small business
surveillance and is used here for demonstration
purpose. Simply install the wireless camera in the
room where we want to monitor and set the wireless
receiver in the next room (up to 15 meters away) and
hook it up to a TV or DVR to watch the action or
record the footage for the security records.
II.VI. Capture card
A TV capture card is a computer component that
allows television signals to be received by a
computer. It is a kind of television tuner. Most TV
tuners also function as video capture cards, allowing
them to record television programs onto a hard disk.
The card contains a tuner and an analog-to-digital
converter along with demodulation and interface
logic.
III. Software Implementation
The open-source Arduino environment makes it
easy to write code and upload it to the I/O board. It
runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The
environment is written in Java and based on
Processing, avr-gcc, and other open source software.
The software version used: Arduino IDE 1.0.5
The flowchart of logical working of the Robot
(automatic mode) is given in Figure: 9.
Flowchart of logical working of the Robot (automatic
mode) FIGURE: 9
Truth Table
High
Left
High
Right
Low
Left
Low
Right
Description
On Off Off On
Motor runs
clockwise
Off On On Off
Motor runs
anti-clockwise
On On Off Off
Motor stops or
decelerates
Off Off On On
Motor stops or
decelerates
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IV. Algorithm
• Step1: Initialization of I/O ports.
• Step2: Set Direction as Forward/ Backward/ Left/
Right.
• Step3: checks if any obstacle is detected according
to that change the motion of Robot. If no then
Robot will goes in forward direction.
• Step4: Wait for some time.
• Step5: go to step 3 to repeat the process.
• Step7: Wait for some time.
• Step 8: End
V. Applications
Can be adequately implemented in national defense
through military-industrial partnership.
1. Can be vastly applied in Resorts, borders of noted
threatening or suspicious places for further
investigations or monitoring.
2. Installation of robots in the stadiums, sacred
places, a government and non-government
organization assures top security.
3. In Mines at high radiation situations where its
threatening for a human presence.
VI. Future Scope
We can extend this paper with installation of
artillery for army field operations. This robot can be
used for pick and place the required object by
installing robotic arms in it. It can be mounted with
radiation sensor, so that it can keep track of
radiations at research laboratories, where there is a
high risk of radiation risk. Implementing the
technology of image processing to make various
camera applications like personality checker, an
alarm system whenever and wherever required.
VII.Conclusive Discussion
Remote controllers are designed to direct the
orientation of robot. Robot keeps on moving in two
modes i.e., Manual mode and Automatic mode. It’s
brought under user’s control in the case of manual
mode. In automatic mode, robot starts moving over
surface and takes action according to the program
and hardware support. To detect the obstacles, a
circuit of Infrared sensors (3 pairs) has been deployed
in the front portion of the module. While moving on
the surface, if the left sensor is detected, robot takes
back the position for a moment and moves right. If
the right sensor is detected, robot gets back and
moves left. As known, these days India is sick off
massive terror attacks, bomb explosions at plush
resorts. To avoid such disasters TECHNOLOGICAL
power must exceed HUMAN power. Human life and
time are priceless. Even every nation needs its own
defense system for their integrity and security. In
such a way construction of these robots will carry
nation’s name, fame globally. The basic idea of the
paper was to develop a robotic system which would
run by itself without any external help as well as user
controlled during emergencies and detect obstacles in
front of it at short range, after the obstacle will be
detected it will make a beep alarm and stop itself and
move to the direction which is free from obstacles
within the range of detection. The Robot would run
best and more efficient at ZERO INFRARED
INTERCEPTIONS, that is, where no infrared light is
present other than the light from the Infrared emitter
of the Robot’s sensor circuit.
References
[1] Pete Miles & Tom Carroll, “Build Your
Own Combat Robot”, (2002).
[2] K.S.Fu, R.C.Gonzalez, C.S.G. Lee, Tutorials
Robotics.
[3] Asaro,P. How just could a robot war be?,
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and
Applications, 75, 50-64.
[4] www.Atmel.com (last accessed on19th
March 2014).
[5] Atmel data sheets http:// www.keil.com / dd
/ docs/ datashts /atmel / at89s52_ds.pdf (last
accessed on 2nd
April 2014).
[6] Robert L.Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky,
“Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory”,
8th Edition, 2006
[7] A. Khamis, M. Pérez Vernet, K. Schilling,
“A Remote Experiment On Motor Control Of
Mobile Robots”, 10thMediterranean
Conference on Control and Automation –
MED2002.
[8] Oroko, J. & Ikua, B. “Obstacle Avoidance
and Path Planning Schemes for Autonomous
Navigation of a Mobile Robot”, 2012.
[9] Chen, K. H., & Tsai, W. H. “Vision-based
obstacle detection and avoidance for
autonomous land vehicle navigation in
outdoor roads”, 2000.
[10] Getting Started With Arduino by Massimo
Banzi.
[11] Introduction to Arduino by Alan.G.Smith.
[12] http://datasheetoo.com/datasheet-
application/27mhz- transmitter-receiver-
radio-control-pcbs-and-schematic-
diagram.html , (last accessed on 21st
March
2014) .
[13] http://www.circuitstoday.com/category/rem
ote-circuits,( last accessed on 21st
March
2014).
Dr. Subhranil Som received his
Master degree in Computer
Application in 2003. His PhD in
Computer Science and Engineering
Technology from University of
Kalyani, West Bengal, India in the
year of 2012. He is an empanelled PhD supervisor in
6. Subhranil Som Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6 (Version 3), June 2014, pp.01-06
www.ijera.com 6 | P a g e
the area of technology in the West Bengal University
of Technology. He is working as a Principal
Investigator of an UGC funded project. He holds a
distinction in Physics and Mathematics in
Graduation. His fields of interest include
Cryptography and Network Security, Robotics, Core
Java, C++, C. He is currently Asst. Professor in the
Department of Computer Application, JIS College of
Engineering, West Bengal, India. He was attached
with a WHO’s International Research Project on “e-
Health for Health Care Delivery”, University of New
South Wales, Sydney, Australia. He has finished
several courses related to computer Application,
object oriented analysis and design, Software
Engineering and Project Management. He has more
than 8 years teaching and research experience.
Mr. Arjun Shome pursuing
Graduation degree in Computer
Application 2011-2014 in JIS
College Of Engineering under the
West Bengal University Of
Technology. He has participated in
several Exhibitions.