THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Managing usability evaluation practices in agile development environmentsIJECEIAES
Usability evaluation is a core usability activity that minimizes risks and improves product quality. The returns from usability evaluation are undeniable. Neglecting such evaluation at the development stage negatively affects software usability. In this paper, the authors develop a software management tool used to incorporate usability evaluation activities into the agile environment. Using this tool, agile development teams can manage a continuous evaluation process, tightly coupled with the development process, allowing them to develop high quality software products with adequate level of usability. The tool was evaluated through verification, followed by the validation on satisfaction. The evaluation results show that the tool increased software development practitioner satisfaction and is practical for supporting usability work in software projects.
Selecting A Development Approach For Competitive Advantagemtoddne
Companies that rely on their information systems to provide a competitive advantage must employ development methodologies that: facilitate innovation, improve customer and supplier relationships, and enable change at the speed of business. Potential development approaches include traditional, object-oriented, and vision and value oriented methodologies. The recommended approach is a hybrid methodology that incorporates agility, adaptability, reuse, collaborative thinking, and evolving innovation. At the foundation of this approach are agile development philosophies and practices, and the system designer. From an architectural perspective, the approach utilizes SOAs and SOMA methods. And, design thinking and innovation evolution cycle principles are incorporated to drive system innovations.
A Novel Method for Quantitative Assessment of Software QualityCSCJournals
This paper deals with quantitative quality model that needs to be practiced formally through out the software development life cycle at each phase. Proposed quality model emphasizes that various stakeholders need to be consulted for quality requirements. The quality goals are set through various measurements and metrics. Software under development is evaluated against expected value of set of metrics. The use of proposed quantitative model is illustrated through a simple case study. The unaddressed quality attribute reusability in ISO 9126 is also discussed.
A comparative studies of software quality model for the software product eval...imdurgesh
Actually, software products are increasing in a fast way and are used in almost all activities of human life.
Consequently measuring and evaluating the quality of a software product has become a critical task for many companies.
Several models have been proposed to help diverse types of users with quality issues. The development of techniques for
building software has influenced the creation of models to assess the quality. Since 2000 the construction of software
started to depend on generated or manufactured components and gave rise to new challenges in assessing quality.
These components introduce new concepts such as configurability, reusability, availability, better quality and lower cost.
Consequently, the models are classified into basic models which were developed until 2000, and those based on
components called tailored quality models. The purpose of this article is to describe the main models with their strengths
and point out some deficiencies. In this work, we conclude that in the present age, aspects of communications play an
important factor in the quality of the software.
Process-Centred Functionality View of Software Configuration Management: A Co...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An interactive approach to requirements prioritization using quality factorsijfcstjournal
As the prevalence of software increases, so does the complexity and the number of requirements assoc
iated
to the software project. This presents a dilemma for the developers to clearly identify and prioriti
ze the
most important requirements in order to del
iver the project in given amount of resources and time.
A
number of prioritization methods have been proposed which provide consistent results, but they are v
ery
difficult and complex to implement in practical scenarios as well as lack proper structure to
analyze the
requirements properly. In this study, the users can provide their requirements in two forms: text ba
sed
story form and use case form.
Moreover, the existing prioritization techniques have a very little or no
interaction with the users. So, in t
his paper an attempt has been made to make the prioritization process
user interactive by adding a second level of prioritization where after the developer has properly a
nalyzed
and ranked the requirements on the basis of quality attributes in the first le
vel, takes the opinion of distinct
user’s about the requirements priority sequence. The developer then calculates the disagreement valu
e
associated with each user sequence in order to find out the final priority sequence.
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Managing usability evaluation practices in agile development environmentsIJECEIAES
Usability evaluation is a core usability activity that minimizes risks and improves product quality. The returns from usability evaluation are undeniable. Neglecting such evaluation at the development stage negatively affects software usability. In this paper, the authors develop a software management tool used to incorporate usability evaluation activities into the agile environment. Using this tool, agile development teams can manage a continuous evaluation process, tightly coupled with the development process, allowing them to develop high quality software products with adequate level of usability. The tool was evaluated through verification, followed by the validation on satisfaction. The evaluation results show that the tool increased software development practitioner satisfaction and is practical for supporting usability work in software projects.
Selecting A Development Approach For Competitive Advantagemtoddne
Companies that rely on their information systems to provide a competitive advantage must employ development methodologies that: facilitate innovation, improve customer and supplier relationships, and enable change at the speed of business. Potential development approaches include traditional, object-oriented, and vision and value oriented methodologies. The recommended approach is a hybrid methodology that incorporates agility, adaptability, reuse, collaborative thinking, and evolving innovation. At the foundation of this approach are agile development philosophies and practices, and the system designer. From an architectural perspective, the approach utilizes SOAs and SOMA methods. And, design thinking and innovation evolution cycle principles are incorporated to drive system innovations.
A Novel Method for Quantitative Assessment of Software QualityCSCJournals
This paper deals with quantitative quality model that needs to be practiced formally through out the software development life cycle at each phase. Proposed quality model emphasizes that various stakeholders need to be consulted for quality requirements. The quality goals are set through various measurements and metrics. Software under development is evaluated against expected value of set of metrics. The use of proposed quantitative model is illustrated through a simple case study. The unaddressed quality attribute reusability in ISO 9126 is also discussed.
A comparative studies of software quality model for the software product eval...imdurgesh
Actually, software products are increasing in a fast way and are used in almost all activities of human life.
Consequently measuring and evaluating the quality of a software product has become a critical task for many companies.
Several models have been proposed to help diverse types of users with quality issues. The development of techniques for
building software has influenced the creation of models to assess the quality. Since 2000 the construction of software
started to depend on generated or manufactured components and gave rise to new challenges in assessing quality.
These components introduce new concepts such as configurability, reusability, availability, better quality and lower cost.
Consequently, the models are classified into basic models which were developed until 2000, and those based on
components called tailored quality models. The purpose of this article is to describe the main models with their strengths
and point out some deficiencies. In this work, we conclude that in the present age, aspects of communications play an
important factor in the quality of the software.
Process-Centred Functionality View of Software Configuration Management: A Co...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An interactive approach to requirements prioritization using quality factorsijfcstjournal
As the prevalence of software increases, so does the complexity and the number of requirements assoc
iated
to the software project. This presents a dilemma for the developers to clearly identify and prioriti
ze the
most important requirements in order to del
iver the project in given amount of resources and time.
A
number of prioritization methods have been proposed which provide consistent results, but they are v
ery
difficult and complex to implement in practical scenarios as well as lack proper structure to
analyze the
requirements properly. In this study, the users can provide their requirements in two forms: text ba
sed
story form and use case form.
Moreover, the existing prioritization techniques have a very little or no
interaction with the users. So, in t
his paper an attempt has been made to make the prioritization process
user interactive by adding a second level of prioritization where after the developer has properly a
nalyzed
and ranked the requirements on the basis of quality attributes in the first le
vel, takes the opinion of distinct
user’s about the requirements priority sequence. The developer then calculates the disagreement valu
e
associated with each user sequence in order to find out the final priority sequence.
BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING USER INTERFACE DESIGN ijseajournal
A rich and effective computational system must have a friendly user interface with appealing usability features that provides excellent user experience. In order to develop interactive systems with the best user experience, an innovative iterative approach to user interface engineering is required because it is one of the most challenging areas given the diversity of knowledge, ideas, skills and creativity needed for building smart interfaces in order to succeed in today’s rapidly paced and tough, competitive marketplace. Many modeling aspects including analytical, intuitive, artistic, technical, graphical, mathematical, psychological and programming models need to be considered in the development process of an effective user interface. This research examines some of the past practices and recommends a set of guidelines for designing effective user interfaces. It also demonstrates how UML use case diagrams can be enhanced by relating user interface elements to use cases.
Testability measurement model for object oriented design (tmmood)ijcsit
Measuring testability early in the development life cycle especially at design phase is a criterion of crucial importance to software designers, developers, quality controllers and practitioners. However, most of the
mechanism available for testability measurement may be used in the later phases of development life cycle.
Early estimation of testability, absolutely at design phase helps designers to improve their designs before
the coding starts. Practitioners regularly advocate that testability should be planned early in design phase.
Testability measurement early in design phase is greatly emphasized in this study; hence, considered significant for the delivery of quality software. As a result, it extensively reduces rework during and after implementation, as well as facilitate for design effective test plans, better project and resource planning in a practical manner, with a focus on the design phase. An effort has been put forth in this paper to recognize the key factors contributing in testability measurement at design phase. Additionally, testability
measurement model is developed to quantify software testability at design phase. Furthermore, the relationship of Testability with these factors has been tested and justified with the help of statistical measures. The developed model has been validated using experimental tryout. Finally, it incorporates the empirical validation of the testability measurement model as the author’s most important contribution.
AN APPROACH TO IMPROVEMENT THE USABILITY IN SOFTWARE PRODUCTSijseajournal
One of the significantaspects of software quality is usability. It is one of the characteristics that judge by
the success or failure of software applications. The most important risk facing the software applications is
usability which may lead to the existence of a gap between users and systems. This may lead to system
failure because of Poor design. This is due to the design is not based on the desires and requirements of the
customer. To overcome these problems, this paper proposed an approach to improve usability of software
applications to meet the needs of the customer and interacts with the user easily with an efficient and
effective manner.The proposed approach is based prototyping technique due to itssimplicity and it does not
require additional costs to elicit precise and complete requirement and design.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
Computer literacy and competitive pressures among end users is increasing day by day due to whichthe
need for End-User Programming in software packages is also increasing for rapid, flexible, and user
driven information processing solutions. End User Development out-sources development effort to the end
user by enabling softwaredevelopers to create information systems that can even be adapted by technically
inexperienced endusers and hence are in great demand. If end user decides to pay the price and add
significant programmability to their system, there are additional costs to consider before end user can start
to enjoy the payoff. It is important to calculate accurateand early estimation of software size forcalculating
effort and cost estimation of software systems incorporating EUD features. With the evolution of object
orientation, use cases emerged as a dominant method for structuring requirements. Use cases were
integrated into the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Unified Process and became the standard for
Software Engineering requirements modelling. The Use Case Point (UCP)methodestimates project size by
assigning points to use cases in the same way that Function Point Analysis (FPA) assigns points to
functions. This paper discusses the concept of end-user programming and Advancement of UCP by adding
end-user development/programming as an additional Effort Estimation Factor (EEF).
The Impact of In-House Software Development Practices on System Usability in ...IJMIT JOURNAL
In-house software development is a critical phenomenon for the production of efficient and effective
software in generating requisite job output. A few studies have devoted efforts towards establishing the
impact of in-house software development on software. Therefore, this paper is an effort towards
establishing the impact of in-house software development practices on system usability. In pursuit of this
paper, a sample of a sample size of 169, at 95% confidence level, with margin error of 5% was drawn from
bold software users, i.e. 300 employees who used the all software including those dealing with the main
stream activities. A total of 102 respondents actually responded to the questionnaires. The Online Sample
Calculator was used to draw the sample. Quantitative data were collected using semi-structured
questionnaires and processed using the SPSS. Descriptive statistics were applied in the analysis. Findings
of the study indicate that software development practices, specifically usability test and user involvement in
software designing and development had an impact on determining software usability for in-house
software. The paper concludes that software development practices shape the design of the software; hence
influence usability of the software produced. Recommended is therefore that software usability test and
user involvement in software designing and development be promoted for effective software production
Usability of User Interface Styles for Learning Graphical Software ApplicationsWaqas Tariq
This paper examines usability of different user interface styles for learning graphical software applications, namely Adobe Flash CS4 and Microsoft Expression blend 4. An empirical study was performed to investigate the usability attributes of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction scores for learning the graphical software applications. There were 32 participants recruited whom consist of interface designers and software developers. A set of 7 tasks was designed to compare the different effects of user interface styles including graphical user interface (GUI) and command line interface (CLI). User Performance variables (effectiveness, efficiency, duration, number of errors and number of helps) were measured for tasks performed by all the participants in the test. Satisfaction score was measured using QUIS (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) tool. The result revealed that the average effectiveness scores are higher than 75% for both software applications. Although Adobe Flash CS4 gained slightly higher on effectiveness, Microsoft Expression Blend 4 obtained better results in terms of efficiency, duration, errors and helps. The user satisfaction rates also showed Microsoft Expression Blend 4 gained higher satisfaction comparing Adobe Flash CS4. Generally, both software applications gained scores above average (>3.5) for majority of the user interface satisfaction attributes of software regardless of users’ background.
A study of various viewpoints and aspects software quality perspectiveeSAT Journals
Abstract The software quality is very important research of software engineering grown from the last two decades. The software engineering paradigm adopted by many organizations to develop the high quality software at affordable cost. The high quality software is considered as one of the key factor in the rapid growth of Global Software Development. The software metrics computes and evaluates the quality characteristics and used to take quantitative and qualitative decisions for risk assessment and reduction. The multiple stakeholders can view the software quality in multiple angles with various aspects. In this paper we present multiple views of the software quality with respect to various quality aspects. Key Words : Stakeholders, Functional aspect, Structural aspect, Process aspect, Metrics etc.
A Guideline Tool for Ongoing Product Evaluation in Small and Medium-Sized Ent...IJECEIAES
As consumer demand for user friendly software increases, usability evaluation is crucial to develop software systems which are easy to learn and use. However, implementation of usability evaluation is challenging for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to factors such as lack of technical expertise, knowledge and experience of methods and standards. This results in neglect, or poorly executed evaluations of projects, resulting in software that disappoints and frustrates clients. To overcome this loss of competitiveness, we propose here a visual incorporation tool derived from ISO standards that would assist software development teams in SMEs in understanding and implementing usability evaluations. It shows fundamental Usability Engineering (UE) and Software Engineering (SE) activities and artifacts relevant to the usability evaluation and software development process, with potential incorporation points being highlighted. Dependencies and relationships are shown by links between activities and artifacts. Additionally, convergent artifacts of both disciplines were identified and shown. Evaluation of the proposed tool was based on the questionnaire results of software development practitioners from SMEs.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF METRICS FOR SOFTWARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ijseajournal
Software product quality can be defined as the features and characteristics of the product that meet the user needs. The quality of any software can be achieved by following a well defined software process. These software process results into various metrics like Project metrics, Product metrics and Process metrics. Software quality depends on the process which is carried out to design and develop software. Even though the process can be carried out with utmost care, still it can introduce some error and defects. Process metrics are very useful from management point of view. Process metrics can be used for improving the software development and maintenance process for defect removal and also for reducing the response
time.
This paper describes the importance of capturing the Process metrics during the quality audit process and also attempts to categorize them based on the nature of error captured. To reduce such errors and defects found, steps for corrective actions are recommended.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Changeability has a direct relation to software maintainability and has a major role in providing high quality maintainable and trustworthy software. The concept of Changeability is a major factor when we design and develop software and its constituents. Developing programs and its constituent components with good changeability continually improves and simplifies test operations and maintenance during and after implementation. It encourages and supports improvement in software quality at design stage in the development of software. The research here highlights the importance of changeability broadly and also as an important aspect of software quality.
Majestic Market Research MRSS firms based in India provides market research services in Automotive Industry, HealthCare & Eye Tracking. We are a member of the European Association of Opinion and Marketing Research Professionals ESOMAR.
The objective of usability activities at the implementation stage are to ensure that detailed design takes account of usability principles.
This can be achieved by:
use of style guides and design guidelines
ensuring that rapid prototyping activities incorporate usability
Majority of agile projects currently involve interactive user interface designs, which can only be possible by following UCD in agile software model. But the integration of UCD is not clear in the current agile models. Both Agile models and UCD have iterative nature but agile models focus on coding and development of software; whereas, UCD focuses on user interface of the software. Similarly, both of them have testing features where the agile model involves automated tested code while UCD involves an expert or a user to test the user interface. In this paper, a new agile usability model is presented and tested in companies and are presented. Key results from these projects clearly shows: the proposed agile model incorporates usability evaluation methods, improve the relationship between usability experts to work with agile software experts; in addition, allows agile developers to incorporate the result from UCD into subsequent interactions.
One of the core quality assurance feature which combines fault prevention and fault detection, is often known as testability approach also. There are many assessment techniques and quantification method evolved for software testability prediction which actually identifies testability weakness or factors to further help reduce test effort. This paper examines all those measurement techniques that are being proposed for software testability assessment at various phases of object oriented software development life cycle. The aim is to find the best metrics suit for software quality improvisation through software testability support. The ultimate objective is to establish the ground work for finding ways reduce the testing effort by improvising software testability and its assessment using well planned guidelines for object-oriented software development with the help of suitable metrics.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
BEST PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING USER INTERFACE DESIGN ijseajournal
A rich and effective computational system must have a friendly user interface with appealing usability features that provides excellent user experience. In order to develop interactive systems with the best user experience, an innovative iterative approach to user interface engineering is required because it is one of the most challenging areas given the diversity of knowledge, ideas, skills and creativity needed for building smart interfaces in order to succeed in today’s rapidly paced and tough, competitive marketplace. Many modeling aspects including analytical, intuitive, artistic, technical, graphical, mathematical, psychological and programming models need to be considered in the development process of an effective user interface. This research examines some of the past practices and recommends a set of guidelines for designing effective user interfaces. It also demonstrates how UML use case diagrams can be enhanced by relating user interface elements to use cases.
Testability measurement model for object oriented design (tmmood)ijcsit
Measuring testability early in the development life cycle especially at design phase is a criterion of crucial importance to software designers, developers, quality controllers and practitioners. However, most of the
mechanism available for testability measurement may be used in the later phases of development life cycle.
Early estimation of testability, absolutely at design phase helps designers to improve their designs before
the coding starts. Practitioners regularly advocate that testability should be planned early in design phase.
Testability measurement early in design phase is greatly emphasized in this study; hence, considered significant for the delivery of quality software. As a result, it extensively reduces rework during and after implementation, as well as facilitate for design effective test plans, better project and resource planning in a practical manner, with a focus on the design phase. An effort has been put forth in this paper to recognize the key factors contributing in testability measurement at design phase. Additionally, testability
measurement model is developed to quantify software testability at design phase. Furthermore, the relationship of Testability with these factors has been tested and justified with the help of statistical measures. The developed model has been validated using experimental tryout. Finally, it incorporates the empirical validation of the testability measurement model as the author’s most important contribution.
AN APPROACH TO IMPROVEMENT THE USABILITY IN SOFTWARE PRODUCTSijseajournal
One of the significantaspects of software quality is usability. It is one of the characteristics that judge by
the success or failure of software applications. The most important risk facing the software applications is
usability which may lead to the existence of a gap between users and systems. This may lead to system
failure because of Poor design. This is due to the design is not based on the desires and requirements of the
customer. To overcome these problems, this paper proposed an approach to improve usability of software
applications to meet the needs of the customer and interacts with the user easily with an efficient and
effective manner.The proposed approach is based prototyping technique due to itssimplicity and it does not
require additional costs to elicit precise and complete requirement and design.
Engineering Research Publication
Best International Journals, High Impact Journals,
International Journal of Engineering & Technical Research
ISSN : 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P)
www.erpublication.org
Computer literacy and competitive pressures among end users is increasing day by day due to whichthe
need for End-User Programming in software packages is also increasing for rapid, flexible, and user
driven information processing solutions. End User Development out-sources development effort to the end
user by enabling softwaredevelopers to create information systems that can even be adapted by technically
inexperienced endusers and hence are in great demand. If end user decides to pay the price and add
significant programmability to their system, there are additional costs to consider before end user can start
to enjoy the payoff. It is important to calculate accurateand early estimation of software size forcalculating
effort and cost estimation of software systems incorporating EUD features. With the evolution of object
orientation, use cases emerged as a dominant method for structuring requirements. Use cases were
integrated into the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Unified Process and became the standard for
Software Engineering requirements modelling. The Use Case Point (UCP)methodestimates project size by
assigning points to use cases in the same way that Function Point Analysis (FPA) assigns points to
functions. This paper discusses the concept of end-user programming and Advancement of UCP by adding
end-user development/programming as an additional Effort Estimation Factor (EEF).
The Impact of In-House Software Development Practices on System Usability in ...IJMIT JOURNAL
In-house software development is a critical phenomenon for the production of efficient and effective
software in generating requisite job output. A few studies have devoted efforts towards establishing the
impact of in-house software development on software. Therefore, this paper is an effort towards
establishing the impact of in-house software development practices on system usability. In pursuit of this
paper, a sample of a sample size of 169, at 95% confidence level, with margin error of 5% was drawn from
bold software users, i.e. 300 employees who used the all software including those dealing with the main
stream activities. A total of 102 respondents actually responded to the questionnaires. The Online Sample
Calculator was used to draw the sample. Quantitative data were collected using semi-structured
questionnaires and processed using the SPSS. Descriptive statistics were applied in the analysis. Findings
of the study indicate that software development practices, specifically usability test and user involvement in
software designing and development had an impact on determining software usability for in-house
software. The paper concludes that software development practices shape the design of the software; hence
influence usability of the software produced. Recommended is therefore that software usability test and
user involvement in software designing and development be promoted for effective software production
Usability of User Interface Styles for Learning Graphical Software ApplicationsWaqas Tariq
This paper examines usability of different user interface styles for learning graphical software applications, namely Adobe Flash CS4 and Microsoft Expression blend 4. An empirical study was performed to investigate the usability attributes of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction scores for learning the graphical software applications. There were 32 participants recruited whom consist of interface designers and software developers. A set of 7 tasks was designed to compare the different effects of user interface styles including graphical user interface (GUI) and command line interface (CLI). User Performance variables (effectiveness, efficiency, duration, number of errors and number of helps) were measured for tasks performed by all the participants in the test. Satisfaction score was measured using QUIS (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) tool. The result revealed that the average effectiveness scores are higher than 75% for both software applications. Although Adobe Flash CS4 gained slightly higher on effectiveness, Microsoft Expression Blend 4 obtained better results in terms of efficiency, duration, errors and helps. The user satisfaction rates also showed Microsoft Expression Blend 4 gained higher satisfaction comparing Adobe Flash CS4. Generally, both software applications gained scores above average (>3.5) for majority of the user interface satisfaction attributes of software regardless of users’ background.
A study of various viewpoints and aspects software quality perspectiveeSAT Journals
Abstract The software quality is very important research of software engineering grown from the last two decades. The software engineering paradigm adopted by many organizations to develop the high quality software at affordable cost. The high quality software is considered as one of the key factor in the rapid growth of Global Software Development. The software metrics computes and evaluates the quality characteristics and used to take quantitative and qualitative decisions for risk assessment and reduction. The multiple stakeholders can view the software quality in multiple angles with various aspects. In this paper we present multiple views of the software quality with respect to various quality aspects. Key Words : Stakeholders, Functional aspect, Structural aspect, Process aspect, Metrics etc.
A Guideline Tool for Ongoing Product Evaluation in Small and Medium-Sized Ent...IJECEIAES
As consumer demand for user friendly software increases, usability evaluation is crucial to develop software systems which are easy to learn and use. However, implementation of usability evaluation is challenging for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) due to factors such as lack of technical expertise, knowledge and experience of methods and standards. This results in neglect, or poorly executed evaluations of projects, resulting in software that disappoints and frustrates clients. To overcome this loss of competitiveness, we propose here a visual incorporation tool derived from ISO standards that would assist software development teams in SMEs in understanding and implementing usability evaluations. It shows fundamental Usability Engineering (UE) and Software Engineering (SE) activities and artifacts relevant to the usability evaluation and software development process, with potential incorporation points being highlighted. Dependencies and relationships are shown by links between activities and artifacts. Additionally, convergent artifacts of both disciplines were identified and shown. Evaluation of the proposed tool was based on the questionnaire results of software development practitioners from SMEs.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF METRICS FOR SOFTWARE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ijseajournal
Software product quality can be defined as the features and characteristics of the product that meet the user needs. The quality of any software can be achieved by following a well defined software process. These software process results into various metrics like Project metrics, Product metrics and Process metrics. Software quality depends on the process which is carried out to design and develop software. Even though the process can be carried out with utmost care, still it can introduce some error and defects. Process metrics are very useful from management point of view. Process metrics can be used for improving the software development and maintenance process for defect removal and also for reducing the response
time.
This paper describes the importance of capturing the Process metrics during the quality audit process and also attempts to categorize them based on the nature of error captured. To reduce such errors and defects found, steps for corrective actions are recommended.
The peer-reviewed International Journal of Engineering Inventions (IJEI) is started with a mission to encourage contribution to research in Science and Technology. Encourage and motivate researchers in challenging areas of Sciences and Technology.
Changeability has a direct relation to software maintainability and has a major role in providing high quality maintainable and trustworthy software. The concept of Changeability is a major factor when we design and develop software and its constituents. Developing programs and its constituent components with good changeability continually improves and simplifies test operations and maintenance during and after implementation. It encourages and supports improvement in software quality at design stage in the development of software. The research here highlights the importance of changeability broadly and also as an important aspect of software quality.
Majestic Market Research MRSS firms based in India provides market research services in Automotive Industry, HealthCare & Eye Tracking. We are a member of the European Association of Opinion and Marketing Research Professionals ESOMAR.
The objective of usability activities at the implementation stage are to ensure that detailed design takes account of usability principles.
This can be achieved by:
use of style guides and design guidelines
ensuring that rapid prototyping activities incorporate usability
Majority of agile projects currently involve interactive user interface designs, which can only be possible by following UCD in agile software model. But the integration of UCD is not clear in the current agile models. Both Agile models and UCD have iterative nature but agile models focus on coding and development of software; whereas, UCD focuses on user interface of the software. Similarly, both of them have testing features where the agile model involves automated tested code while UCD involves an expert or a user to test the user interface. In this paper, a new agile usability model is presented and tested in companies and are presented. Key results from these projects clearly shows: the proposed agile model incorporates usability evaluation methods, improve the relationship between usability experts to work with agile software experts; in addition, allows agile developers to incorporate the result from UCD into subsequent interactions.
One of the core quality assurance feature which combines fault prevention and fault detection, is often known as testability approach also. There are many assessment techniques and quantification method evolved for software testability prediction which actually identifies testability weakness or factors to further help reduce test effort. This paper examines all those measurement techniques that are being proposed for software testability assessment at various phases of object oriented software development life cycle. The aim is to find the best metrics suit for software quality improvisation through software testability support. The ultimate objective is to establish the ground work for finding ways reduce the testing effort by improvising software testability and its assessment using well planned guidelines for object-oriented software development with the help of suitable metrics.
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The impact of user involvement in software development processnooriasukmaningtyas
In software development process, user can take part in any phase of the process, depending on what model is being applied. Lack of user involvement can result in a poorly designed solution, or even a solution that conflicts with user’s needs. This review paper presents the impact of user involvement in software development process. In this study, different software development processes will be reviewed, show where the user usually gets involved in different models such as: structural (waterfall, Vmodel) and incremental (scrum-extreme programming XP). As each model differs from the other, each of them has a different perspective of where user should take part and where they should not. This can be an asset that helps project managers, and leaders to develop suitable strategies to follow in their projects.
With interconnectivity between IT Service Providers and their customers and partners growing, fueled by
proliferation of IT Services Outsourcing, with some providers gaining leading positions in marketplace
today, challenges are faced by teams who are tasked to deliver integration projects with much desired
efficiencies both in cost and schedule. Such integrations are growing both in volume and complexity.
Integrations between different autonomous systems such as workflow systems of the providers and their
customers are an important element of this emerging paradigm. In this paper we present an efficient model
to implement such interfaces between autonomous workflow systems with close attention given to major
phases of these projects, from requirement gathering/analysis, to configuration/coding, to
validation/verification, several levels of testing and finally deployment. By deploying a comprehensive
strategy and implementing it in a real corporate environment, a 10%-20% reduction in cost and schedule
year over year was achieved for past several years primarily by improving testing techniques and detecting
bugs earlier in the development life-cycle. Some practical considerations are outlined in addition to
detailing the strategy for testing the autonomous system integrations domain.
A METHOD FOR WEBSITE USABILITY EVALUATION: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSISIJwest
ABSTRACT
Graphical user interfaces design in software development process focuses on maximizing usability and the user's experience, in order to make the interaction for users easy, flexible and efficient. In this paper, we propose an approach for evaluating the usability satisfaction degree of a web-based system. The proposed method has been accomplished in two phases and implemented on an airlines website as a case study. In the first phase, a website usability test is implemented by a number of users, and then the results obtained are translated into charts for a final web-based system evaluation in the second phase. The results achieved
were satisfactory, since the places where the weaknesses and gaps in the website are identified and recommended solutions to avoid them are drawn. The authenticity of the results have been confirmed by comparing them with user opinions acquired from a questionnaire, which proves the precision in which the website is rated.
DESQA a Software Quality Assurance FrameworkIJERA Editor
In current software development lifecycles of heterogeneous environments, the pitfalls businesses have to face are that software defect tracking, measurements and quality assurance do not start early enough in the development process. In fact the cost of fixing a defect in a production environment is much higher than in the initial phases of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which is particularly true for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Thus the aim of this study is to develop a new framework for defect tracking and detection and quality estimation for early stages particularly for the design stage of the SDLC. Part of the objectives of this work is to conceptualize, borrow and customize from known frameworks, such as object-oriented programming to build a solid framework using automated rule based intelligent mechanisms to detect and classify defects in software design of SOA. The implementation part demonstrated how the framework can predict the quality level of the designed software. The results showed a good level of quality estimation can be achieved based on the number of design attributes, the number of quality attributes and the number of SOA Design Defects. Assessment shows that metrics provide guidelines to indicate the progress that a software system has made and the quality of design. Using these guidelines, we can develop more usable and maintainable software systems to fulfill the demand of efficient systems for software applications. Another valuable result coming from this study is that developers are trying to keep backwards compatibility when they introduce new functionality. Sometimes, in the same newly-introduced elements developers perform necessary breaking changes in future versions. In that way they give time to their clients to adapt their systems. This is a very valuable practice for the developers because they have more time to assess the quality of their software before releasing it. Other improvements in this research include investigation of other design attributes and SOA Design Defects which can be computed in extending the tests we performed.
A FRAMEWORK FOR INTEGRATING USABILITY PRACTICES INTO SMALL-SIZED SOFTWARE DEV...ijseajournal
Usability now appears to be a highly important attribute for software quality; it is a critical factor that
needs to be considered by every software-development organization when developing software to improve
customer satisfaction and increase competition in the market. There exists a lack of a reference model or
framework for small-sized software-development organizations to indicate which usability practices should
be implemented, and where in the system-development life cycle they need to be considered. We offer
developers who have the objective of integrating usability practices into their development life cycle a
framework that characterizes 10 selected user-centered design (UCD) methods in relation to five relevant
criteria based on some ISO factors that have an effect on the selection of methods (ISO/TR16982). The
selection of the methods for inclusion in the framework responds to these organizations’ needs; and we
selected basic methods that are recommended, cost-effective, simple to plan and apply, and easy to learn by
developers; and which can be applied when time, resources, skills, and expertise are limited. We favor
methods that are generally applicable across a wide range of development environments. The selected
methods are organized in the framework according to the stages in the development process where they
might be applied. The only requirement for the existing development life cycle is that it to be based on an
iterative approach.
E-commerce has become a prime channel for doing commerce both globally and locally. It has gained the trust of buyers worldwide not only because of the supporting technologies but for the ever-increasing quality of service provided by most vendors as well. Quality is and will be a competitive advantage in ecommerce as competition on an international scale increases. Designing quality e-commerce software is one battle that needs to be won in this war and tools such as formal standards are key weapons. In this paper an eco-system of software quality metrics is presented based on the ISO25010 standard. These metrics are mapped to quality characteristics of the software and to facets of user-system interaction so as to provide designers and developers insights and guidelines on how produce quality e-commerce systems. A representative set of 29 new metrics for the quality characteristics of Functional Suitability and Usability is presented.
A METRICS ECOSYSTEM FOR DESIGNING QUALITY E-COMMERCE SYSTEMSijcsit
E-commerce has become a prime channel for doing commerce both globally and locally. It has gained the
trust of buyers worldwide not only because of the supporting technologies but for the ever-increasing
quality of service provided by most vendors as well. Quality is and will be a competitive advantage in ecommerce
as competition on an international scale increases. Designing quality e-commerce software is
one battle that needs to be won in this war and tools such as formal standards are key weapons. In this
paper an eco-system of software quality metrics is presented based on the ISO25010 standard. These
metrics are mapped to quality characteristics of the software and to facets of user-system interaction so as
to provide designers and developers insights and guidelines on how produce quality e-commerce systems. A
representative set of 29 new metrics for the quality characteristics of Functional Suitability and Usability is
presented.
THE IMPACT OF IN-HOUSE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES ON SYSTEM USABILITY IN ...IJMIT JOURNAL
In-house software development is a critical phenomenon for the production of efficient and effective
software in generating requisite job output. A few studies have devoted efforts towards establishing the
impact of in-house software development on software. Therefore, this paper is an effort towards
establishing the impact of in-house software development practices on system usability. In pursuit of this
paper, a sample of a sample size of 169, at 95% confidence level, with margin error of 5% was drawn from
bold software users, i.e. 300 employees who used the all software including those dealing with the main
stream activities. A total of 102 respondents actually responded to the questionnaires. The Online Sample
Calculator was used to draw the sample. Quantitative data were collected using semi-structured
questionnaires and processed using the SPSS. Descriptive statistics were applied in the analysis. Findings
of the study indicate that software development practices, specifically usability test and user involvement in
software designing and development had an impact on determining software usability for in-house
software. The paper concludes that software development practices shape the design of the software; hence
influence usability of the software produced. Recommended is therefore that software usability test and
user involvement in software designing and development be promoted for effective software production.
Principles of Health Informatics: Evaluating medical softwareMartin Chapman
Principles of Health Informatics: Evaluating medical software. Last delivered in 2023. All educational material listed or linked to on these pages in relation to King's College London may be provided for reference only, and therefore does not necessarily reflect the current course content.
Contributors to Reduce Maintainability Cost at the Software Implementation PhaseWaqas Tariq
Software maintenance is important and difficult to measure. The cost of maintenance is the most ever during the phases of software development. One of the most critical processes in software development is the reduction of software maintainability cost based on the quality of source code during design step, however, a lack of quality models and measures can help asses the quality attributes of software maintainability process. Software maintainability suffers from a number of challenges such as lack source code understanding, quality of software code, and adherence to programming standards in maintenance. This work describes model based-factors to assess the software maintenance, explains the steps followed to obtain and validate them. Such a method can be used to eliminate the software maintenance cost. The research results will enhance the quality of the source code. It will increase software understandability, eliminate maintenance time, cost, and give confidence for software reusability.
Agile techniques that utilize iterative development are broadly used in various industry projects as a lightweight development technique which can satisfy the continuous changes of requirements. Short repetitions are used that are required for efficient product delivery. Traditional and old software development methods are not much efficient and effective to control the rapid change in requirements. Despite the benefits of Agile, criticism on agile methodology states that it couldn’t succeed to pay attention to architectural and design issues and therefore is bound to produce small design-decisions. The past decade has observed numerous changes in systems development with many organizations accepting agile techniques as a viable methodology for developing systems. An increase in the number of research studies reveals the growing demand and acceptance of agile methodologies. While most research has focused on acceptance rate and adaptation of agile practices, there is very limited knowledge of their post-adoption usage and incorporation within organizations. Several factors explain the effective usage of agile methodologies. A combination of previous research in Agile Methodologies, Diffusion of Innovations, Information Systems implementation, and Systems Development has been carried out to develop a research model that identifies the main factors relevant to the propagation and effective usage of agile methodologies in organizations.
AN IMPROVED REPOSITORY STRUCTURE TO IDENTIFY, SELECT AND INTEGRATE COMPONENTS...ijseajournal
An ultimate goal of software development is to build high quality products. The customers of software
industry always demand for high-quality products quickly and cost effectively. The component-based
development (CBD) is the most suitable methodology for the software companies to meet the demands of
target market. To opt CBD, the software development teams have to customize generic components that are
available in the market and it is very difficult for the development teams to choose the suitable components
from the millions of third party and commercial off the shelf (COTS) components. On the other hand, the
development of in-house repository is tedious and time consuming. In this paper, we propose an easy and
understandable repository structure to provide helpful information about stored components like how to
identify, select, retrieve and integrate components. The proposed repository will also provide previous
assessments of developers and end-users about the selected component. The proposed repository will help
the software companies by reducing the customization effort, improving the quality of developed software
and preventing integrating unfamiliar components.
Similar to THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE (20)
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This paper is explaining that how only leadership is responsible for sustainable improvement and
growth and only it can lead the organization towards improvement and overall development. Leadership and its
effectiveness are discussed in this research work and also how leadership is a different way of the success of the
organization and different from the traditional management to create true work-culture and good-will of the
organization in the social scene. Leadership is only responsible in bringing positive and negative change in the
organization; if the leadership doesn’t have the concern in the organization, the organization will not be able to
lead in the right direction towards improvement and development.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
n today’s society, we stand before a change in energy scarcity. As our civilization grows, many
countries in thedeveloping world seek to have the standard of living that has been exclusive to a few nations, so
their arises a need in thedevelopment of technology that is compatible enough with the resources provided by
nature in order to have sustainabledevelopment to all class of the society. In order to overcomethe prevailing
challenges of huge energy crises in near future, there is an urgent need for the development of electrical
vehiclesor hybrid electrical vehicles with low CO2 emissions using renewable energy sources. In view of the
above, electrochemicalcapacitors can fulfil the requirements to some extent.Preparation of nano composite
polymer gel electrolyte is the best optional product to overcome these problems. When fillers are added or
dispersed to the polymer gel electrolyte, amorphous or porous nature of electrolyte increases which enhances
the liquid absorbing quality of polymer and helps in removing the drawbacks of polymer gel electrolytes such as
leakage, poor mechanical and thermal stability etc. In this work dispersion of SiO2 nano filler is done in the
[PVdF (HFP)-PC-Mg (ClO4)2] for the synthesis of nano composite PGE [PVdF (HFP)-PC-MgClO4- SiO2].
Optimization and characterization was carried out by using various techniques.
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
A Study of Data Storage Security Issues in Cloud Computingvivatechijri
Cloudcomputingprovidesondemandservicestoitsclients.Datastorageisamongoneoftheprimaryservices providedbycloudcomputing.Cloudserviceproviderhoststhedataofdataownerontheirserverandusercan accesstheirdatafromtheseservers.Asdata,ownersandserversaredifferentidentities,theparadigmofdata storagebringsupmanysecuritychallenges.Anindependentmechanismisrequiredtomakesurethatdatais correctlyhostedintothecloudstorageserver.Inthispaper,wewilldiscussthedifferenttechniquesthatare usedforsecuredatastorageoncloud. Cloud computing is a functional paradigm that is evolving and making IT utilization easier by the day for consumers. Cloud computing offers standardized applications to users online and in a manner that can be accessed regularly. Such applications can be accessed by as many persons as permitted within an organization without bothering about the maintenance of such application. The Cloud also provides a channel to design and deploy user applications including its storage space and database without bothering about the underlying operating system. The application can run without consideration for on premise infrastructure. Also, the Cloud makes massive storage available both for data and databases. Storage of data on the Cloud is one of the core activities in Cloud computing. Storage utilizes infrastructure spread across several geographical locations.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
1
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE
Prachi Desul1
, Prof.Chandani Patel2
1
(Department of MCA, Viva School Of MCA/ University of Mumbai, India)
2
(Department of MCA, Viva School Of MCA/ University of Mumbai, India)
Abstract :The Usability Metric for User Experience (UMUX) is a four-item Likert scale used for the subjective
assessment of an application’s perceived usability. It is designed to provide results similar to those obtained
with the 10-item System Usability Scale, and is organized around the ISO 9241-11 definition of usability. A pilot
version was assembled from candidate items, which was then tested alongside the System Usability Scale during
usability testing. It was shown that the two scales correlate well, are reliable, and both align on one underlying
usability factor. In addition, the Usability Metric for User Experience is compact enough to serve as a usability
module in a broader user experience metric
Keywords -metric,system usability scale,usability,user experience.
I. INTRODUCTION
Usability can be measured, but it is rarely Metrics are expensive and are a poor use of typically scarce usability
resources. Although measuring usability can cost fourfold the maximum amount as conducting qualitative
studies (which often generate better insight), metrics are sometimes well worth the expense. Among other
things, metrics can help managers track design progress and support decisions about when to release a product.
As organizations increase their usability investments, collecting actual measurements is a natural next step and
does provide benefits. In general, usability metrics let you: Track progress between releases. You cannot fine-
tune your methodology unless you recognize how well you're doing. Assess your competitive position. Are you
better or worse than other companies? Where are you better or worse? Make a Stop/Go decision before launch.
Is the design ok to release to an unsuspecting world? Create bonus plans for design managers and higher-level
executives. For example, you'll determine bonus amounts for development project leaders supported what
percentage customer-support calls or emails their products generated during the year. Usability may be a quality
attribute that assesses how easy user interfaces are to use. The word "usability" also refers to methods for
improving ease-of-use during the planning process.
Usability is defined by 5 quality components:
Learnability: How easy is it for users to accomplish basic tasks the primary time they encounter the design?
Efficiency: Once users have learned the planning , how quickly can they perform tasks? Memorability: When
users return to the planning after a period of not using it, how easily can they re-establish proficiency? Errors:
what percentage errors do users make, how severe are these errors, and the way easily can they get over the
errors? Satisfaction: How pleasant is it to use the planning There are many other important quality attributes. A
key one is utility, which refers to the design's functionality: Does it do what users need?
Usability and utility are equally important and together determine whether something is useful: It matters little
that something is straightforward if it isn't what you would like
2. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
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RELATED WORK
Software development organizations contains marketing, design, project management,development and quality
assurance team. it's important for the various teams within theorganization to know the advantages and
limitation of incorporating various usabilitytesting methods within the software development life cycle. Some
reasons for poor usabilityinclude effort prioritization conflicts from development, project management, and
styleteam. The part played by the usability engineer is to urge involved because the heuristic judge
andfacilitate the event and style efforts are supported usability principles and at an equivalenttime adhering to
the project period of time . Two approaches for usability inspection methodsconsist of user experience
testingand expert review or more commonly referred to as HeuristicEvaluation (HE). This paper focuses on
understanding the strength of HE as a strategyfor defect detection.The results also increase the need for
integrating traditional heuristics with modified heuristics customized to the domain or field of the project being
tested such as E-Government.[1]
.Describes an innovative methodology developed for usability tests of the IEEE PCS internet sitethat
combines heuristic evaluation and task-based testing. Tests conducted on the PCS Website has evaluated
whether the location facilitated members' ability to seek out information andparticipate
indiscussions, also as developers' are capable to seek out , contribute, and
manageadministrativeinformation on the location . The distinctive social characteristics of
Communitiesof Practice (CoPs) provide context for tailoring design heuristics for informational internet
sitesthat serve the requirements and interests of CoP members. The discussion gives important
ontechnical communication principles that apply not only to evaluating the effectiveness of
thePCS internet site design but also to all or any centralised.f the PCS Web site design but also to all
centralised technical communication products and media that increasingly demand user participation.[2]Here
Proposes a usability testing method that alters a given usability testing method to formit less
expensive and time consuming for the investigator. The usage of user-centred methods isstimulated and a
mixture of two centralised methods suggested. Future this method iscombined with other techniques to
additionally detect the state of satisfaction within the
participant.
User based features like emotions, opinions, cognitive and conative effects aretherefore are considered. a
way for the joint analysis of all data gathered is proposed.[3]More automated system testing might
be instrumental in achieving these goals and in recentyears testing tools are developed to automate the
interaction with software systems atthe GUI level. However, there's absence knowledge on the usability
and applicability ofthese tools in an industrial setting. This study analyses two tools for automated visual
GUItesting on a real-world, safety-critical software is developed by the corporate Saab AB.
The tools are compared supported their characteristics also as how they support automationof system test
cases that have previously been presented manually. The time to develop andthe size of the automated
test cases also as their execution times are evaluated.[4]Usability testing is important to be performed by
software development companies todetermine whether their products are usable or unusable. it's equally
important for the end-users companies running usability studies also . This paper represents the event of
Usability Management System (USEMATE), an automatic system as an alternate solution
to assist usability tester or practitioner to run usability testing more efficiently and effectively.
The main objective of USEMATE is to enhance the present systems which are paper-based,
require manual score calculation using excel and manual reaction time recording into a webbased
management system. The tools used for the event compromise AdobePhotoshop CS2, Adobe
Dreamweaver CS3, Apache Web Server, and a private computer(PC). The modules and usefulness criteria
included and therefore the approach utilized in the eventof this automated system were replicated from a
case study on usability testing of a webpageconducted earlier. USEMATE is envisaged to be ready
to minimize the lengthy working hourand energy needed to manage the usability testing process from
phase to phase.[5]
Usage of traditional UT techniques which aren't sufficient and suitable with the growing
complexity of internet sites & constraints faced by usability practitioners. For a sample, the Lab
Based Usability Testing (LBUT) is dear and has lesser coverage than Exploratory
Heuristics Evaluation (EHE) while the EHE is subjected to false alarms. A hybrid usability
methodology (HUM) comprising of LBUT and EHE is obtainable . Six experiments involving
EHE and LBUT were performed at the first , in-between and future stages of the SDLC of
websites, during which the simplest relative performance of every method were measured using
the dependent variables followed by the planning of a HUM. To prove the HUM, four case
studies were conducted, during which remarkable improvements were observed in website
3. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
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effectiveness and efficiency. supported the findings, HUM may be a realistic approach for usability
practitioners and also provides stakeholders a validated situational deciding
framework for usability testing strategies taking under consideration world constraints.[6]
II. METHODOLOGY
usability may be a multidimensional concept that aims into the fulfillment of certain set of goals, mainly;
effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction” and without these goals, usability can't be achieved.
Effectiveness: this term refers to the accuracy and completeness of the user goal achievement.
Efficiency: refers to the resources exhausted by users so as to make sure an accurate and completed achievement
of the goals.
Satisfaction refers to the subjective thoughts of the user regarding their attitude, level of comfort, relevance of
application and therefore the acceptability of use.
A system or a product is completely hooked in to its specific and distinct context of use, the character of the
task, the users appointed to require the task, and finally the equipment used to perform it.
Measuring the usability of a certain system can be done through the measurement of the three goals using a
number of observable and quantifiable usability metrics.
In the light of the three goals mentioned earlier, we’ll go through the different metrics used to measure each
goal, however, our main focus will be on the Effectiveness It can be measured through using two usability
metrics: Success rate, called also completion rate and the number of errors .Success rate/ completion rate: is the
percentage of users who were able to successfully complete the tasks. Despite the very fact that this metric
remains unable to supply insights on how the tasks were performed or why users fail just in case of failure,
they're still critical and are at the core of usability.The success rate is one of the most commonly used metric for
most of practitioners, where 79% of them reported using the success rate as the first metric to think about for
simple use and through data collection and interpretation.
The success rate metric are often measured by assigning a binary value of 0 and 1 to the users; where 1 is
assigned to those that successfully complete the task and 0 to the ones who fail to do so.”Once the test is over
and you have all the data you need to calculate your success rate, the next step would be to divide the total
number of correctly completed attempts by the total number of attempts multiplied by 100.The completion rate
is easy to measure and to collect but with one major pitfall to consider; it happens frequently when a user stops
at some point during the task and fails to end it or maybe finishes it but not in the expected way.Taking into
account that they have completed some steps successfully in the task, how would you score what they have
accomplished as an evaluator?I am getting to dive a touch bit into the small print on the way to score you users
taking under consideration the various stages of their success or failure, using an example to illustrate.
Let’s consider, for instance, that your user task is to order a box of dark chocolates with a card to their mother
for mother’s day.The scoring might seem simple at first glance, and you'll easily say; if the mother receives the
box of bittersweet chocolate with the cardboard then it's a case of success. On the opposite hand, if the mother
doesn't receive anything then we will simply say, that this is often a case of failure.
However, it’s not that straightforward , there are other considerations:
Ordered a box of chocolate but not the dark one (white or milky or a spread of these) alongside card.
Ordered the proper chocolate box without a present card
Ordered quite one box of chocolate by mistake and a present card
Ordered a box of chocolate but didn’t add delivery information or address
Ordered a box of chocolates and gift card successfully but to the incorrect address
All these cases entail a percentage of success and failure within the process of fulfilling the task, their failure is
partial also as their success, which simply means that as an evaluator you would like to interact your own
personal opinion within the scoring.
If you decided that there are no middle grounds in the estimated scoring, your success rate would be different
from that obtained when you appreciate the effort they have made in spite of the task you planned for them.
The fact that there is not a steady rule when it comes to scoring your users, and oftentimes success rates become
subjective; because different evaluators won’t have the same scoring and estimate an equivalent percentage of
failure or success for the above cases, within the same way. However, so as to mainstream the method , you'd
like to work out the important aspects of the task and what score you would allot each a part of it.
Success rate remains the only usability metric and therefore the easiest among the entire range of those usability
signals, mainly because it’s quick and straightforward and doesn't require much preparation and time to gather
4. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
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National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
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and most significantly it enables you from tracking the progress within your systembeing one among the overall
areas commonly employed by marketers and designers right along , to ascertain the large picture of how well
their system is doing at the extent of user experience, this doesn't change the very fact , that it remains
subjective.
Help the designers and developers to ascertain that uncovering problems isn't a
symbol offailure. nobody does an ideal job the initially time only. Users always surprise us. It's
muchbetter to seek out out about the issues with a some users during a usability test than later when
thedesign is being reviewed and is out there within the marketplace. [7]
2. The Number of Errors
This metric provides an idea about the average number of times where an error occurred per user when
performing a given task.These errors can be either slips; where the user accidently types the incorrect email
address or picks the incorrect dates when making a reservation or booking a flight, or they will be mistakes
where the user clicks on an image that’s not clickable or even double clicks a button or a link
intentionally.Normally any users of any interactive system may make errors, where 2 out of every 3 users err,
and there's absolutely no such thing as a ‘’perfect’’ system anyway..To help you measure and ensure obtaining
great diagnostic results, it is highly recommended to set a short description where you give details about how to
score those errors and the severity of a certain of an error to show you how simple and intuitive your system is.
3. Time-Based Efficiency
Or referred to as time on task, this metric helps in the measurement of the time spent by the user to complete the
task or speed of work. This consequently means there's an immediate relationship between the efficiency and
effectiveness, and that we can say, that efficiency is really the user effectiveness divided by the user time spent.
4. The Overall Relative Efficiency
This is actually measured through users who successfully completed the task in relation to the total time taken
by all users.Let’s consider that we have 2 users where each one of is supposed to complete a different task.The
first user has successfully completed task (1) yet failed to complete task (2). While the second hand has did not
complete task (1) but completed task (2) successfully.
5.Post Task Satisfaction
Once your users have finished the task and it doesn’t matter whether complete it successfully or not, it’s time to
hand them over a questionnaire to have an idea about the difficulty of the task from the users point of
view.Generally, these tasks consist of 5 questions, and the idea behind them give your users a space to judge the
usability of your system.
6. Task Level Satisfaction
This metric helps into investigating the overall impression of users confronted with the system. To measure the
level of satisfaction you can either use the smiley scale method where the user is expected to choose one of the 5
smileys as a reflection of their satisfaction or lack of satisfaction.The Word Method is also use to measure the
user’s level of satisfaction through listing a series of positive and negative connotations highlighted in green and
red respectively.
In light of the conceptual framework we have discussed earlier, the user experience is highly influenced by
everything that surrounds it.However, the tide might be turning on usability funding. I've recently worked on
several projects to determine formal usability metrics in several companies. As organizations increase their
usability investments, collecting actual measurements is a natural next step and does provide benefits. In
general, usability metrics let you:
Track progress between releases. You cannot fine-tune your methodology unless you recognize how well
you'redoing.Assess your competitive position. Are you better or worse than other companies? Where are you
better or worse?Make a Stop/Go decision before launch. Is the design ok to release to an unsuspecting world?
Create bonus plans for design managers and higher-level executives. For example, you'll determine bonus
amounts for development project leaders supported what percentage customer-support calls or emails their
products generated during the year.
How to Measure
It is easy to specify usability metrics, but hard to gather them. Typically, usability is measured relative to users'
performance on a given set of test tasks. The most basic measures are supported the definition of usability as a
top quality metric:
success rate (whether users can perform the task at all),
5. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
5
the time a task requires,
the error rate, and
users' subjective satisfaction.[8]
It is also possible to collect more specific metrics, such as the percentage of time that users follow an optimal
navigation path or the number of times they need to back track. You can collect usability metrics for both novice
users and experienced users. Few websites have truly expert users, since people rarely spend enough time on
any given site to find out it in great detail. Given this, most websites benefit most from studying novice users.
Exceptions are sites like Yahoo and Amazon, which have highly committed and constant users and may enjoy
studying expert users. Intranets, extranets, and weblications are almost like traditional software design and can
hopefully have skilled users; studying experienced users is thus more important than working with the novice
users who typically dominate public websites. With qualitative user testing, it is enough to test 3–5 users. After
the fifth user tests, you've got all the insight you're likely to urge and your best bet is to travel back to the
drafting board and improve the design so that you can test it again. Testing quite five users wastes resources,
reducing the amount of design iterations and compromising the ultimate design quality. Unfortunately, when
you're collecting usability metrics, you want to test with quite five users. In order to urge a fairly tight
confidence interval on the results, I usually recommend testing 20 users for every design. Thus, conducting
quantitative usability studies is approximately fourfold as expensive as conducting qualitative ones. Considering
that you simply can learn more from the simpler studies, I usually recommend against metrics unless the project
is extremely well funded.success rate or the completion rate because it’s gives a general idea about the
performance of the system.
IV. FIGURES AND TABLES
Comparing Two Designs
To illustrate quantitative results, we can look at those recently posted by Macromedia from its usability study of
a Flash site, aimed at showing that Flash is not necessarily bad. Basically, Macromedia took a design,
redesigned it according to a set of usability guidelines, and tested both versions with a group of users. Here are
the results:
Table no:1
Original Design Redesign
Task 1 12 sec. 6 sec.
Task 2 75 sec. 15 sec.
Task 3 9 sec. 8 sec.
Task 4 140 sec. 40 sec.
Satisfaction score* 44.75 74.50
*Measured on a scale ranging from
12 (unsatisfactory on all counts) to 84 (excellent on all counts).
Table no :2
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VIVA Institute of Technology
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National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
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Fig-1 fig-2
Fig-3
V. CONCLUSION
usability metrics, it's possible to watch and quantify the usability of any system irrespective if it's software,
hardware, web-based or a mobile application. This is because the metrics presented here are supported extensive
research and testing by various academics and experts and have withstood the test of your time .
Moreover, they cover all of the three core elements that constitute the definition of usability: effectiveness,
efficiency and satisfaction, thus ensuring an all-round quantification of the usability of the system being tested.
usability gets side-tracked and becomes something which will be addressed afterward . Tracking the usability of
your product with metrics allows you to possess a transparent understanding of the experience you're providing
to your users, and improve it over time. usability metrics are measured and aggregated into actionable results,
which allows you to act instantly on the info you record. That makes it painless to stay track of how your
design's usability progresses, detect issues, and improve your users' experience
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