This document summarizes a research paper that designed a shunt hybrid active power filter to compensate for harmonic currents and reactive power in electrical systems. The hybrid filter combines a passive power filter and active power filter in a shunt configuration. It uses several control methods, including p-q theory, PI controllers, and hysteresis current control, to extract reference compensation currents and regulate the DC bus voltage. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink showed the filter can reduce total harmonic distortion below 5% according to IEEE standards and improve the power factor by compensating reactive power. The hybrid filter aims to overcome limitations of previous filter designs by providing effective harmonic mitigation while avoiding issues like resonance or high costs.
Advanced Techniques in Harmonic Suppression via Active Power Filter: A ReviewIJPEDS-IAES
This paper intends to present the recent development of artificial intelligence
(AI) applications in active power filter (APF). As a result of the development
in power electronic technology, (APF) continues to attract ample attention.
Compared with the traditional reactive LC filter, active power filter is
considered to be more effective in compensating harmonic current generated
by nonlinear loads. APF, can correct the power quality and improve the
reliability and stability on power utility. A brief explanation of some
important areas in AI and a comprehensive survey of the literature along the
main categories of AI is presented to introduce the readers into the wideranging
topics that AI encompasses. Plenty of relevant literatures have been
selected in the review, mostly emphasized on better accuracy, robustness,
efficiency, stability and tracking ability of the system.
Mitigation of the Harmonics under Reactive Power Compensation by SHPF-TCR Usi...IJERA Editor
In this paper, a combined system of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter
(SHPF)has been designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK approach for harmonic and reactive power compensation.
The quality of the power is effected by many factors like harmonic contamination, due to the increment of nonlinear
loads, sag and swell due to the switching of the loads etc. Also control schemes based on PI and Fuzzy
logic controllers have been proposed to mitigate the harmonics and neutral current . The proposed methodology
not only reduces the complexity but also offers simplicity to implement and increases reliability of the system.
These control strategies also help in achieving a low cost highly effective control. The performance is also
observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics, flicker and spikes with Non-Linear and
Reactive Loads with different control strategies.
IRJET- Harmonic Mitigation for Power Quality Improvement using Active Power F...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates using an active power filter with current control strategies to mitigate harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. It begins with an introduction to harmonics and different filter types, including passive filters and active power filters. It then describes the objectives and methodology of using a shunt active power filter with p-q theory and d-q control strategies in MATLAB simulations. Simulation results are presented and control strategies are compared based on their ability to reduce harmonic distortion below IEEE standards.
Power system harmonics are a menace to electric power system with disastrous consequence. Due to the presence of non linear load, power quality of the system gets affected. To overcome this, shunt active power filter have been used near harmonic producing loads or at the point of common coupling to block current harmonics. The shunt active power filter is designed to minimize harmonics in source current and reactive power in the non linear power supplies which are creating harmonics. In this paper, Instantaneous power of p-q theory is employed to generate the reference currents and PI controller is used to control the dc link voltage. In addition to this, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique is used to minimize the harmonics produced by nonlinear load. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and compare THD of the source current with PI controller and by artificial neural network based back propagation algorithm. The proposed system is designed with MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
The development of active power filter (APF) using rectifier boost technique has been identified to compensate for the pulsating nature of the distorted supply current waveform of non-linear load. In this work, investigation is carried out on the operation of rectifier without any filters function. This is then extended to operate the rectifier converter with an active power filter function. APF function is implemented by enabling the closed-loop control using standard proportional integral control to rectify the distorted supply current to become continuous, sinusoidal and in-phase with the supply voltage waveform. Consequently, the total harmonic distortion (THD) level was reduced to meet the acceptable limit defined in the standard of IEEE-519 1992. The selected simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink are presented to justify the proposed filter structure.
The document discusses the use of shunt active filters to mitigate current harmonics in power systems. It analyzes the performance of a shunt active filter controlled by a PI controller and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) under normal and increased load conditions with balanced and unbalanced source voltages. The main points are:
A) Shunt active filters inject compensating current to make the source current sinusoidal and maintain unity power factor.
B) Both PI and FLC controllers perform well under balanced voltages but FLC provides better compensation under unbalanced voltages.
C) The FLC with a triangular membership function offers superior results compared to the PI controller in mitigating current harmonics.
Pll based shunt active harmonic filter to compensate multiple non linear loadsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on a shunt active power filter used to compensate for multiple non-linear loads. It uses a phase locked loop (PLL) to generate a reference current signal that is in phase with the source voltage. A hysteresis controller compares the reference current to the measured compensation currents to produce switching signals for an IGBT inverter. Simulation results show the filter can compensate for current harmonics from diode rectifier loads and reduce total harmonic distortion. The proposed filter uses PLL and hysteresis control to estimate the reference current and control the inverter to inject compensation currents.
Mitigation of Harmonic Current through Hybrid Power Filter in Single Phase Re...IDES Editor
This document discusses a proposed hybrid power filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation in a single-phase rectifier system. The hybrid power filter combines a passive filter and active power filter. The passive filter is tuned to compensate for the 3rd and 5th order harmonics, while the active power filter compensates for the remaining harmonic components not addressed by the passive filter. This allows for a reduction in the rating and size of the active power filter components. The effectiveness of the hybrid power filter configuration is demonstrated through simulation results showing reduced harmonic distortion in the source current and improved power factor.
Advanced Techniques in Harmonic Suppression via Active Power Filter: A ReviewIJPEDS-IAES
This paper intends to present the recent development of artificial intelligence
(AI) applications in active power filter (APF). As a result of the development
in power electronic technology, (APF) continues to attract ample attention.
Compared with the traditional reactive LC filter, active power filter is
considered to be more effective in compensating harmonic current generated
by nonlinear loads. APF, can correct the power quality and improve the
reliability and stability on power utility. A brief explanation of some
important areas in AI and a comprehensive survey of the literature along the
main categories of AI is presented to introduce the readers into the wideranging
topics that AI encompasses. Plenty of relevant literatures have been
selected in the review, mostly emphasized on better accuracy, robustness,
efficiency, stability and tracking ability of the system.
Mitigation of the Harmonics under Reactive Power Compensation by SHPF-TCR Usi...IJERA Editor
In this paper, a combined system of a thyristor-controlled reactor (TCR) and a shunt hybrid power filter
(SHPF)has been designed by MATLAB/SIMULINK approach for harmonic and reactive power compensation.
The quality of the power is effected by many factors like harmonic contamination, due to the increment of nonlinear
loads, sag and swell due to the switching of the loads etc. Also control schemes based on PI and Fuzzy
logic controllers have been proposed to mitigate the harmonics and neutral current . The proposed methodology
not only reduces the complexity but also offers simplicity to implement and increases reliability of the system.
These control strategies also help in achieving a low cost highly effective control. The performance is also
observed under influence of utility side disturbances such as harmonics, flicker and spikes with Non-Linear and
Reactive Loads with different control strategies.
IRJET- Harmonic Mitigation for Power Quality Improvement using Active Power F...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that investigates using an active power filter with current control strategies to mitigate harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. It begins with an introduction to harmonics and different filter types, including passive filters and active power filters. It then describes the objectives and methodology of using a shunt active power filter with p-q theory and d-q control strategies in MATLAB simulations. Simulation results are presented and control strategies are compared based on their ability to reduce harmonic distortion below IEEE standards.
Power system harmonics are a menace to electric power system with disastrous consequence. Due to the presence of non linear load, power quality of the system gets affected. To overcome this, shunt active power filter have been used near harmonic producing loads or at the point of common coupling to block current harmonics. The shunt active power filter is designed to minimize harmonics in source current and reactive power in the non linear power supplies which are creating harmonics. In this paper, Instantaneous power of p-q theory is employed to generate the reference currents and PI controller is used to control the dc link voltage. In addition to this, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique is used to minimize the harmonics produced by nonlinear load. The main objective of this paper is to analyze and compare THD of the source current with PI controller and by artificial neural network based back propagation algorithm. The proposed system is designed with MATLAB/SIMULINK environment.
The development of active power filter (APF) using rectifier boost technique has been identified to compensate for the pulsating nature of the distorted supply current waveform of non-linear load. In this work, investigation is carried out on the operation of rectifier without any filters function. This is then extended to operate the rectifier converter with an active power filter function. APF function is implemented by enabling the closed-loop control using standard proportional integral control to rectify the distorted supply current to become continuous, sinusoidal and in-phase with the supply voltage waveform. Consequently, the total harmonic distortion (THD) level was reduced to meet the acceptable limit defined in the standard of IEEE-519 1992. The selected simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink are presented to justify the proposed filter structure.
The document discusses the use of shunt active filters to mitigate current harmonics in power systems. It analyzes the performance of a shunt active filter controlled by a PI controller and fuzzy logic controller (FLC) under normal and increased load conditions with balanced and unbalanced source voltages. The main points are:
A) Shunt active filters inject compensating current to make the source current sinusoidal and maintain unity power factor.
B) Both PI and FLC controllers perform well under balanced voltages but FLC provides better compensation under unbalanced voltages.
C) The FLC with a triangular membership function offers superior results compared to the PI controller in mitigating current harmonics.
Pll based shunt active harmonic filter to compensate multiple non linear loadsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper on a shunt active power filter used to compensate for multiple non-linear loads. It uses a phase locked loop (PLL) to generate a reference current signal that is in phase with the source voltage. A hysteresis controller compares the reference current to the measured compensation currents to produce switching signals for an IGBT inverter. Simulation results show the filter can compensate for current harmonics from diode rectifier loads and reduce total harmonic distortion. The proposed filter uses PLL and hysteresis control to estimate the reference current and control the inverter to inject compensation currents.
Mitigation of Harmonic Current through Hybrid Power Filter in Single Phase Re...IDES Editor
This document discusses a proposed hybrid power filter for harmonics and reactive power compensation in a single-phase rectifier system. The hybrid power filter combines a passive filter and active power filter. The passive filter is tuned to compensate for the 3rd and 5th order harmonics, while the active power filter compensates for the remaining harmonic components not addressed by the passive filter. This allows for a reduction in the rating and size of the active power filter components. The effectiveness of the hybrid power filter configuration is demonstrated through simulation results showing reduced harmonic distortion in the source current and improved power factor.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
We would send hard copy of Journal by speed post to the address of correspondence author after online publication of paper.
We will dispatched hard copy to the author within 7 days of date of publication
A proportional resonant current controller for selective harmonic compensathareesh hari
This paper deals with reactive power compensation
and harmonics elimination inmedium-voltage industrial networks
using a hybrid active power filter. It proposes a hybrid filter as a
combination of a three-phase, two-level, voltage-source converter
connected in parallel with the inductor of a shunt, single-tuned,
passive filter. This topological structure greatly decreases the
voltage and current stress over the elements of the active filter.
Since the topology is composed of a single-tuned branch, the
control algorithm also has to ensure sufficient filtering at other
harmonic frequencies. We propose using a proportional-resonant,
multiloop controller. Since the controller is implemented in a
synchronous-reference frame, it allows us to use half the number
of resonators, compared with the solution using proportional-integral
controllers in the harmonic-reference frame. Theoretical
analyses and simulation results obtained from an actual industrial
network model in PSCAD verify the viability and effectiveness
of the proposed hybrid filter. In addition, the simulation results
are validated by a comparison with the results obtained from a
real-time digital simulator.
IRJET- A Review on Power Quality Improvement using Shunt Active Filter with M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of shunt active filters with multilevel inverters to improve power quality by eliminating current harmonics and providing reactive power compensation. It summarizes several research papers on different control techniques used for shunt active filters, such as indirect current control, instantaneous reactive power theory, synchronous reference frame control, and peak detection methods. The conclusion is that shunt active filters can effectively compensate for harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalances to improve power quality and make the source current sinusoidal.
This paper presents the Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) to improve the power quality of power electronic converters. The development of HCC was implemented using Active Power Filter (APF) function based on rectifier boost technique to control the range of upper and lower bands. Through this technique, the supply current waveform followed the shape of the sinusoidal reference signal, thus, the distorted input current waveform becomes sinusoidal and in the same phase with the input voltage. As a result, the THD level and switching losses can be reduced, thus improving the power factor of the power supply system. In order to verify the proposed operation, validation of the proposed HCC was done through MATLAB. Selected simulation results are presented.
IRJET- Hybrid Active Power Filter Topologies for Power Quality Improvement: A...IRJET Journal
This document reviews hybrid active power filter topologies and control strategies for power quality improvement. Hybrid active power filters combine active and passive filters to mitigate harmonics more cost-effectively than active filters alone. The document describes various hybrid active power filter configurations including series active filters with shunt passive filters, shunt active filters with shunt passive filters, and combinations of series and shunt active/passive filters. Control strategies like instantaneous reactive power theory and indirect current control algorithms are discussed for hybrid active power filter compensation of harmonics under different load conditions. In conclusion, hybrid active power filters reduce the cost and rating requirements of active filters while improving compensation compared to passive filters alone.
NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE FILTER elelijjournal
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the implementation of Distributed Active Filters (DAFs). To share the workload of harmonic filtering, several Active Filter Units (AFUs) are placed on different locations which can perform the harmonic filtering without a direct communication. Different configurations of DAFs are described and are implemented using MATLAB /Simpower system Toolbox environment to observe their performances and comparison.
KEYWORDS
Distributed Active Filters (DAFs), Power Quality, Total Harmonic Distortion
IRJET-Harmonic Elimination in Three Phase System by Means of a Shunt Active F...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a shunt active power filter to eliminate harmonics in a three-phase power system. The paper introduces the problem of harmonics produced by non-linear loads distorting current and voltage waveforms. It then discusses passive and active harmonic filtering techniques, focusing on the shunt active power filter. Key control strategies for the shunt active filter are described, including the p-q theory method and d-q synchronous reference frame method. The document provides mathematical models of these control methods and presents simulation results demonstrating harmonic elimination using a shunt active power filter in MATLAB/Simulink.
Modeling & Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter Using IRP Theory Fed to Indu...IJERA Editor
Utility distribution networks have sensitive industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. Because of sensitivity of consumers on power quality and advancement in power electronics. Active power filter technology is the most efficient way to compensate reactive power and cancel out low order harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. The shunt active power filter was considered to be the most basic configuration for the APF. This paper reviews the basic principle of shunt active power filter, along with the current tracking circuit based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and the main circuit performing as an inverter with PWM hysteresis control. The instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method and instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) method are two control strategies which are extensively used in active filters. A shunt active filter based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method is proposed. This method aims to compensate harmonic and first harmonic unbalance. A Comprehensive control method is analyzed and a harmonic Compensation simulation is conducted, the result of which verifies The harmonic detection algorithm is well-proposed and the power Quality of the grid is overall-enhanced. The results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using ...AI Publications
Research paper focuses on enhancement of the power quality, Harmonic reduction and Reactive power compensation . Power quality problems became the foremost important concern now a days. Active filters with synchronous detection methodologies are vividly employed in distribution system to be sure that the harmonics generated by non-linear loads is reduced and leads to less voltage distortion and leads to lesser power superiority problems. The three physical characteristics that mostly underline the power quality and a power quality issues are Voltage, Current and Frequency. Harmonics is defined as a disturbance demonstrated in current or voltage or frequency waveforms which result in devastation, or failure of final equipment ..This paper examines the control of Shunt Active Power Filter with Synchronous Detection Method . Simulation results using MATLAB SIMULINK demonstrates the application of these methods to the control of Active Power Filter . Moreover, this work shows that how the power quality improvement in 3 phase is done with Synchronous Detection Method .
In This paper we present experimental comparative study of feedBack Linearized and Proportional Integral (PI) Controller of the DC bus voltage of three phase shunt Active Power Filter (APF). The FeedBack Linearized and PI controllers are introduced to improve tracking performance characteristics, power quality and minimized consumption of the reactive power. The algorithm used to identify the reference currents is based on the Self Tuning Filter (STF). The firing pulses of the IGBTs inverter are generated using a hysteresis current controller; which is implemented on an analogue card. Finally, the above study, under steady state and transient conditions, is illustrated with signal-flow graphs and corresponding analysis. This study was verified by experimental tests on hardware prototype based on dSPACE-1104. The experimental results show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the designed active filter, associated with Feedback Linearized and PI controllers and are capability in meeting the IEEE 519-1992 recommended harmonic standard limits.
Harmonic Compensation for Non Linear Load Using PWM Based Active Filteridescitation
In this paper the elimination of the current harmon-
ics of injected by nonlinear loads is investigated. The active
power filter proposed in this study is a Single phase voltage
source inverter (VSI) connecting to the AC mains. The dspic
controller is used to control the operation of the switches of
the inverter. Active filtering is achieved through PWM in-
verter connected next to a given nonlinear load or at the point
of the common coupling (PCC). The simulation results show
that how well the filter eliminates the harmonics of the source
current.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Simulation and Design of SRF based Control Algorithm for Three Phase Shunt Ac...idescitation
Active power filters are effective in mitigating line
current harmonics and compensating for the reactive power
in the line. There are basically two types of Active Power
Filters (APFs): shunt type and series type. Shunt active power
filters (SAPFs) represent the most important and most widely
used filters in industrial purposes, this is due not only to the
fact that eliminate the harmonic current but also they are
suitable for a wide range of power ratings. In this paper,
Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory is employed to
calculate compensating currents while the three phase source
is feeding a highly non-linear load. The main objective is to
study and investigate the performance of Shunt active power
filter using SRF theory. The algorithm is simulated under
M ATLAB
7.8
environment
using
Simulinkand
SimPowerSystems toolbox. The results shown are within the
IEEE Standard 512-1992.
The document describes the design of a shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) to reduce harmonics on the AC side due to non-linear loads. A SHAPF consists of both an active filter and a passive filter connected in parallel. The active filter uses an instantaneous reactive power theory-based control strategy to calculate compensating currents, while the passive filter includes a tuned RLC circuit to filter specific harmonics. Simulation results using MATLAB Simulink show the SHAPF reduces the total harmonic distortion of the source current from 30.35% to 3.25%, outperforming passive and active filters alone. The control strategy effectively reduces harmonics through feedback compensation provided by the hybrid filter configuration.
This document describes a simulation study of a PI-controlled three-phase shunt active power filter using hysteresis current control. Shunt active power filters can compensate for harmonics and reactive power required by non-linear loads. The filter employs fast Fourier transform to calculate the reference compensation current. Hysteresis current control is used to inject the compensation current into the line. Simulation results show the filter is able to mitigate harmonic distortion, reactive power compensation, and improve power factor, while maintaining total harmonic distortion within IEEE standards.
Optimize Controlling of Active Filters Controlled by Pi ControllerIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of an active power filter controlled by a PI controller to minimize harmonics and improve power quality. It begins with an introduction to active power filters and the need to compensate for non-linear loads. It then provides details on the proposed PI control scheme, including the control system block diagram and simulation model. Simulation results show that the PI-controlled active power filter is able to make the source current sinusoidal and reduce total harmonic distortion.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper on using neural networks to control shunt active power filters for reducing harmonics. It begins with an abstract describing how neural networks can improve active power filter performance. It then provides background on power harmonics and classifications of active power filters, focusing on shunt active power filters. The key section discusses applications of neural networks in active power filter control, noting advantages like increased speed, robustness, and accuracy. It also reviews design considerations for active power filter controllers and presents figures of a proposed neural network controlled shunt active power filtering system.
A new fuzzy based control strategy for three phase shunt active power filtersIAEME Publication
This document discusses a new fuzzy-based control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filters. It begins with an abstract that introduces active power filters and describes a current control scheme that does not require a harmonic detector but uses two current sensors on the supply side. A fuzzy controller and vector PI controller are used for effective harmonic compensation to make the supply current sinusoidal. The proposed control scheme improves accuracy and is not affected by harmonic tracking as it does not use a harmonic detector. The rest of the document provides details on the proposed control strategy, including generating reference currents, typical control schemes for active power filters using PI and VPI controllers, and the advantages of the new fuzzy-based control strategy.
Enhancement of power quality using microprocessor based shunt active power fi...IJECEIAES
Power quality is the most significant factor of power sector. The end user equipment such as induction motor, inverters, rectifiers inject harmonics into power system that influences the quality of power delivered. The presence of harmonics forces the use of instantaneous reactive power theory to calculate instantaneous power that helps in finding the compensating currents to eliminate harmonics. The control action required by active filter is accomplished by STM32F303RET6 microcontroller. Single phase induction motor is used as a dynamic nonlinear load in one of the three phases and resistive loads on the other two phases. TRIAC based RC triggering circuit was used to control the single phase induction motor. This paper presents the simulation and hardware implementation of shunt active power filter for 3 phase 4 wire unbalanced system. The hardware results show that THD in the source side has been reduced from 50.7% to 9.6% by implementing the SAPF.
PV Source Integrated Micro-Grid for Power Quality Improvement using MPPT Tech...Niteesh Shanbog
The demand for Electrical energy is increasing day by day as it can be easily converted to another form of energy. All consumers expect Electrical energy with high power quality. Most of the commercial and industrial loads are inductive in nature and need power electronic circuits/ controllers to get smooth control of the equipment. This, in turn, leads to the injection of harmonics into the system, hence the power quality is affected. The above problem needs to be addressed and eliminated. In this paper, a shunt active power filter is used to mitigate the harmonics. Id-Iq control is used to analyse the performance of the filter and is simulated using MATLAB software. The MPPT controller is used to improving the power quality of the system.
Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power FilterIJERA Editor
This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter. The proposedtopic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is fromhysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Thispaper represents the simulation and analysis of the using three phase three wire system active filter to compensate harmonics .Theproposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This paper successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensatecurrent harmonics.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
We would send hard copy of Journal by speed post to the address of correspondence author after online publication of paper.
We will dispatched hard copy to the author within 7 days of date of publication
A proportional resonant current controller for selective harmonic compensathareesh hari
This paper deals with reactive power compensation
and harmonics elimination inmedium-voltage industrial networks
using a hybrid active power filter. It proposes a hybrid filter as a
combination of a three-phase, two-level, voltage-source converter
connected in parallel with the inductor of a shunt, single-tuned,
passive filter. This topological structure greatly decreases the
voltage and current stress over the elements of the active filter.
Since the topology is composed of a single-tuned branch, the
control algorithm also has to ensure sufficient filtering at other
harmonic frequencies. We propose using a proportional-resonant,
multiloop controller. Since the controller is implemented in a
synchronous-reference frame, it allows us to use half the number
of resonators, compared with the solution using proportional-integral
controllers in the harmonic-reference frame. Theoretical
analyses and simulation results obtained from an actual industrial
network model in PSCAD verify the viability and effectiveness
of the proposed hybrid filter. In addition, the simulation results
are validated by a comparison with the results obtained from a
real-time digital simulator.
IRJET- A Review on Power Quality Improvement using Shunt Active Filter with M...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of shunt active filters with multilevel inverters to improve power quality by eliminating current harmonics and providing reactive power compensation. It summarizes several research papers on different control techniques used for shunt active filters, such as indirect current control, instantaneous reactive power theory, synchronous reference frame control, and peak detection methods. The conclusion is that shunt active filters can effectively compensate for harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalances to improve power quality and make the source current sinusoidal.
This paper presents the Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) to improve the power quality of power electronic converters. The development of HCC was implemented using Active Power Filter (APF) function based on rectifier boost technique to control the range of upper and lower bands. Through this technique, the supply current waveform followed the shape of the sinusoidal reference signal, thus, the distorted input current waveform becomes sinusoidal and in the same phase with the input voltage. As a result, the THD level and switching losses can be reduced, thus improving the power factor of the power supply system. In order to verify the proposed operation, validation of the proposed HCC was done through MATLAB. Selected simulation results are presented.
IRJET- Hybrid Active Power Filter Topologies for Power Quality Improvement: A...IRJET Journal
This document reviews hybrid active power filter topologies and control strategies for power quality improvement. Hybrid active power filters combine active and passive filters to mitigate harmonics more cost-effectively than active filters alone. The document describes various hybrid active power filter configurations including series active filters with shunt passive filters, shunt active filters with shunt passive filters, and combinations of series and shunt active/passive filters. Control strategies like instantaneous reactive power theory and indirect current control algorithms are discussed for hybrid active power filter compensation of harmonics under different load conditions. In conclusion, hybrid active power filters reduce the cost and rating requirements of active filters while improving compensation compared to passive filters alone.
NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR DISTRIBUTED ACTIVE FILTER elelijjournal
ABSTRACT
This paper describes the implementation of Distributed Active Filters (DAFs). To share the workload of harmonic filtering, several Active Filter Units (AFUs) are placed on different locations which can perform the harmonic filtering without a direct communication. Different configurations of DAFs are described and are implemented using MATLAB /Simpower system Toolbox environment to observe their performances and comparison.
KEYWORDS
Distributed Active Filters (DAFs), Power Quality, Total Harmonic Distortion
IRJET-Harmonic Elimination in Three Phase System by Means of a Shunt Active F...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on using a shunt active power filter to eliminate harmonics in a three-phase power system. The paper introduces the problem of harmonics produced by non-linear loads distorting current and voltage waveforms. It then discusses passive and active harmonic filtering techniques, focusing on the shunt active power filter. Key control strategies for the shunt active filter are described, including the p-q theory method and d-q synchronous reference frame method. The document provides mathematical models of these control methods and presents simulation results demonstrating harmonic elimination using a shunt active power filter in MATLAB/Simulink.
Modeling & Analysis of Shunt Active Power Filter Using IRP Theory Fed to Indu...IJERA Editor
Utility distribution networks have sensitive industrial loads and critical commercial operations suffer from various types of outages and service interruptions which can cost significant financial losses. Because of sensitivity of consumers on power quality and advancement in power electronics. Active power filter technology is the most efficient way to compensate reactive power and cancel out low order harmonics generated by nonlinear loads. The shunt active power filter was considered to be the most basic configuration for the APF. This paper reviews the basic principle of shunt active power filter, along with the current tracking circuit based on the instantaneous reactive power theory and the main circuit performing as an inverter with PWM hysteresis control. The instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method and instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) method are two control strategies which are extensively used in active filters. A shunt active filter based on the instantaneous active and reactive current component (id-iq) method is proposed. This method aims to compensate harmonic and first harmonic unbalance. A Comprehensive control method is analyzed and a harmonic Compensation simulation is conducted, the result of which verifies The harmonic detection algorithm is well-proposed and the power Quality of the grid is overall-enhanced. The results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Power Quality Improvement in 3-Φ Power System with Shunt Active filter using ...AI Publications
Research paper focuses on enhancement of the power quality, Harmonic reduction and Reactive power compensation . Power quality problems became the foremost important concern now a days. Active filters with synchronous detection methodologies are vividly employed in distribution system to be sure that the harmonics generated by non-linear loads is reduced and leads to less voltage distortion and leads to lesser power superiority problems. The three physical characteristics that mostly underline the power quality and a power quality issues are Voltage, Current and Frequency. Harmonics is defined as a disturbance demonstrated in current or voltage or frequency waveforms which result in devastation, or failure of final equipment ..This paper examines the control of Shunt Active Power Filter with Synchronous Detection Method . Simulation results using MATLAB SIMULINK demonstrates the application of these methods to the control of Active Power Filter . Moreover, this work shows that how the power quality improvement in 3 phase is done with Synchronous Detection Method .
In This paper we present experimental comparative study of feedBack Linearized and Proportional Integral (PI) Controller of the DC bus voltage of three phase shunt Active Power Filter (APF). The FeedBack Linearized and PI controllers are introduced to improve tracking performance characteristics, power quality and minimized consumption of the reactive power. The algorithm used to identify the reference currents is based on the Self Tuning Filter (STF). The firing pulses of the IGBTs inverter are generated using a hysteresis current controller; which is implemented on an analogue card. Finally, the above study, under steady state and transient conditions, is illustrated with signal-flow graphs and corresponding analysis. This study was verified by experimental tests on hardware prototype based on dSPACE-1104. The experimental results show the feasibility and the effectiveness of the designed active filter, associated with Feedback Linearized and PI controllers and are capability in meeting the IEEE 519-1992 recommended harmonic standard limits.
Harmonic Compensation for Non Linear Load Using PWM Based Active Filteridescitation
In this paper the elimination of the current harmon-
ics of injected by nonlinear loads is investigated. The active
power filter proposed in this study is a Single phase voltage
source inverter (VSI) connecting to the AC mains. The dspic
controller is used to control the operation of the switches of
the inverter. Active filtering is achieved through PWM in-
verter connected next to a given nonlinear load or at the point
of the common coupling (PCC). The simulation results show
that how well the filter eliminates the harmonics of the source
current.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Simulation and Design of SRF based Control Algorithm for Three Phase Shunt Ac...idescitation
Active power filters are effective in mitigating line
current harmonics and compensating for the reactive power
in the line. There are basically two types of Active Power
Filters (APFs): shunt type and series type. Shunt active power
filters (SAPFs) represent the most important and most widely
used filters in industrial purposes, this is due not only to the
fact that eliminate the harmonic current but also they are
suitable for a wide range of power ratings. In this paper,
Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory is employed to
calculate compensating currents while the three phase source
is feeding a highly non-linear load. The main objective is to
study and investigate the performance of Shunt active power
filter using SRF theory. The algorithm is simulated under
M ATLAB
7.8
environment
using
Simulinkand
SimPowerSystems toolbox. The results shown are within the
IEEE Standard 512-1992.
The document describes the design of a shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) to reduce harmonics on the AC side due to non-linear loads. A SHAPF consists of both an active filter and a passive filter connected in parallel. The active filter uses an instantaneous reactive power theory-based control strategy to calculate compensating currents, while the passive filter includes a tuned RLC circuit to filter specific harmonics. Simulation results using MATLAB Simulink show the SHAPF reduces the total harmonic distortion of the source current from 30.35% to 3.25%, outperforming passive and active filters alone. The control strategy effectively reduces harmonics through feedback compensation provided by the hybrid filter configuration.
This document describes a simulation study of a PI-controlled three-phase shunt active power filter using hysteresis current control. Shunt active power filters can compensate for harmonics and reactive power required by non-linear loads. The filter employs fast Fourier transform to calculate the reference compensation current. Hysteresis current control is used to inject the compensation current into the line. Simulation results show the filter is able to mitigate harmonic distortion, reactive power compensation, and improve power factor, while maintaining total harmonic distortion within IEEE standards.
Optimize Controlling of Active Filters Controlled by Pi ControllerIRJET Journal
This document discusses the use of an active power filter controlled by a PI controller to minimize harmonics and improve power quality. It begins with an introduction to active power filters and the need to compensate for non-linear loads. It then provides details on the proposed PI control scheme, including the control system block diagram and simulation model. Simulation results show that the PI-controlled active power filter is able to make the source current sinusoidal and reduce total harmonic distortion.
IJERD (www.ijerd.com) International Journal of Engineering Research and Devel...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper on using neural networks to control shunt active power filters for reducing harmonics. It begins with an abstract describing how neural networks can improve active power filter performance. It then provides background on power harmonics and classifications of active power filters, focusing on shunt active power filters. The key section discusses applications of neural networks in active power filter control, noting advantages like increased speed, robustness, and accuracy. It also reviews design considerations for active power filter controllers and presents figures of a proposed neural network controlled shunt active power filtering system.
A new fuzzy based control strategy for three phase shunt active power filtersIAEME Publication
This document discusses a new fuzzy-based control strategy for three-phase shunt active power filters. It begins with an abstract that introduces active power filters and describes a current control scheme that does not require a harmonic detector but uses two current sensors on the supply side. A fuzzy controller and vector PI controller are used for effective harmonic compensation to make the supply current sinusoidal. The proposed control scheme improves accuracy and is not affected by harmonic tracking as it does not use a harmonic detector. The rest of the document provides details on the proposed control strategy, including generating reference currents, typical control schemes for active power filters using PI and VPI controllers, and the advantages of the new fuzzy-based control strategy.
Enhancement of power quality using microprocessor based shunt active power fi...IJECEIAES
Power quality is the most significant factor of power sector. The end user equipment such as induction motor, inverters, rectifiers inject harmonics into power system that influences the quality of power delivered. The presence of harmonics forces the use of instantaneous reactive power theory to calculate instantaneous power that helps in finding the compensating currents to eliminate harmonics. The control action required by active filter is accomplished by STM32F303RET6 microcontroller. Single phase induction motor is used as a dynamic nonlinear load in one of the three phases and resistive loads on the other two phases. TRIAC based RC triggering circuit was used to control the single phase induction motor. This paper presents the simulation and hardware implementation of shunt active power filter for 3 phase 4 wire unbalanced system. The hardware results show that THD in the source side has been reduced from 50.7% to 9.6% by implementing the SAPF.
PV Source Integrated Micro-Grid for Power Quality Improvement using MPPT Tech...Niteesh Shanbog
The demand for Electrical energy is increasing day by day as it can be easily converted to another form of energy. All consumers expect Electrical energy with high power quality. Most of the commercial and industrial loads are inductive in nature and need power electronic circuits/ controllers to get smooth control of the equipment. This, in turn, leads to the injection of harmonics into the system, hence the power quality is affected. The above problem needs to be addressed and eliminated. In this paper, a shunt active power filter is used to mitigate the harmonics. Id-Iq control is used to analyse the performance of the filter and is simulated using MATLAB software. The MPPT controller is used to improving the power quality of the system.
Power System Harmonic Compensation Using Shunt Active Power FilterIJERA Editor
This paper shows the method of improving the power quality using shunt active power filter. The proposedtopic comprises of PI controller, filter hysteresis current control loop, dc link capacitor. The switching signal generation for filter is fromhysteresis current controller techniques. With the all these element shunt active power filter reduce the total harmonic distortion. Thispaper represents the simulation and analysis of the using three phase three wire system active filter to compensate harmonics .Theproposed shunt active filter model uses balanced non-linear load. This paper successfully lowers the THD within IEEE norms and satisfactorily works to compensatecurrent harmonics.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Comparative of Conventional and Intelligence Controller based Hybrid Generati...IJERD Editor
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes and simulates a hybrid power generation system using renewable energy sources like solar and wind along with an active power filter to improve power quality. The system uses a four-leg voltage source inverter with both a conventional DC link controller and a fuzzy logic controller to regulate the DC link voltage and compensate for current harmonics from nonlinear loads. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed control scheme and active power filter configuration can effectively improve power quality by reducing total harmonic distortion.
report of Improvement of the Electric Power Quality Using Series Active and S...Vikram Rawani
The increase of nonlinear loads due to the proliferation of electronic equipment causes power quality in the power system to deteriorate. Harmonic current drawn from a supply by the nonlinear load results in the distortion of the supply voltage waveform at the point of common coupling (PCC) due to the source impedance. Both distorted current and voltage may cause end-user equipment to malfunction, conductors to overheat and may reduce the efficiency and life expectancy of the equipment connected at the PCC.
Harmonic Mitigation using Modified Synchronous Reference Frame TheoryIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a new control algorithm called the Modified Synchronous Reference Frame (MSRF) Theory to generate reference currents for a three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF) to mitigate harmonics in power systems. The SAPF injects compensating currents to cancel out harmonic currents from nonlinear loads, making the source current sinusoidal. The MSRF method calculates the transformation angle from the AC network voltages rather than a phase-locked loop, allowing it to better isolate harmonics. Simulation results showed the SAPF reduced the total harmonic distortion to 3.25% using the MSRF control algorithm. Passive filters are limited and can cause resonance, while the SAPF
Shunt active power filters based on diode clamped multilevel inverter and hys...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research paper on a shunt active power filter system based on an 11-step diode clamped multilevel inverter and hysteresis band current control. The system aims to compensate for harmonics in current drawn by non-linear loads and improve the source power factor. It uses instantaneous reactive power theory to generate reference currents and the hysteresis controller provides switching signals for the multilevel inverter. Simulation results showed the system achieved 1.8% total harmonic distortion, 0.99 power factor, compensating 10MW of active power and 0.3MVAR of reactive power.
Shunt active power filters based on diode clamped multilevel inverter and hys...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a shunt active power filter system based on an 11-step diode clamped multilevel inverter and hysteresis band current controller. The system aims to compensate for harmonics in non-linear loads and improve power quality. A two inverter shunt active power filter configuration is proposed to reduce total harmonic distortion and device ratings. Instantaneous reactive power theory is used to generate reference currents, which the hysteresis controller then uses to generate switching signals for the multilevel inverter. Simulation results show the system can achieve 1.8% THD, 0.99 power factor, and compensate 10MW of active and 0.3MVAR of reactive power.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Power Quality Improvement Fuzzy Logical Controlled Based on Cascaded Shunt Ac...IJMTST Journal
Improve its quality and reliability catches growing interest. In this paper, based on the analysis and
modeling of the shunt APF with close-loop control, a feed forward compensation path of load current and also
fuzzy logic control is applied to improve the dynamic performance of the APF.. The two H-bridge cascaded
inverter is used for the aeronautical APF (AAPF). Justifications for topology choosing and corresponding
system control method are given. Furthermore, the global framework and operation principle of the proposed
AAPF are presented in detail. Simulated waveforms in different load conditions indicate the good
performance of the AAPF.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
IRJET- Harmonic Elimination in Three Phase System by Means of Hybrid Active F...IRJET Journal
The document discusses harmonic elimination in a three-phase power system using a hybrid active filter. It begins by introducing the problem of power quality issues like harmonics from nonlinear loads affecting equipment. Then it describes how a hybrid filter, consisting of both a series active filter and shunt passive filter, can be used to control harmonics. The control strategy for the hybrid filter is simulated in MATLAB Simulink to demonstrate how it reduces harmonics and improves power quality.
IRJET- Harmonic Elimination in Three Phase System by Means of Hybrid Active F...IRJET Journal
The document discusses harmonic elimination in a three-phase power system using a hybrid active filter. It begins by introducing the problem of power quality issues like harmonics from nonlinear loads affecting equipment. Then it describes how a hybrid filter, consisting of both a series active filter and shunt passive filter, can be used to control harmonics. The control strategy for the hybrid filter is simulated in MATLAB Simulink to demonstrate how it reduces harmonics and improves power quality.
HYBRID ACTIVE POWER FILTER FOR EFFECTIVE COMPENSATION WITH CONTROL SCHEMEBlossoms Anjali
This document summarizes a research paper on a hybrid active power filter with a control scheme to compensate industrial power supplies. The hybrid active power filter combines a passive filter with an active power filter to compensate for non-linear loads. It can improve power factor and eliminate lower harmonic currents simultaneously. The control scheme uses a microcontroller to calculate the compensating current needed from the active filter based on measurements of the load and line currents. Experimental results showed the hybrid active power filter provided better compensation of harmonics compared to just a passive filter. It allowed the input current, voltage, and compensated output current to be closer to sinusoidal waveforms.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Harmonic Voltage Distortions in Power Systems Due to Non Linear LoadsIJAPEJOURNAL
This document summarizes research on harmonic voltage distortions in power systems due to non-linear loads. It describes how non-linear loads can generate harmonics and discusses their effects. It also examines harmonic reduction methods like passive filters. The research uses MiPower software to model a sample IEEE 5-bus power system and analyze harmonic distortions with and without filters. Installation of single and dual passive filters at different buses is shown to significantly reduce total harmonic distortion throughout the system. The document concludes that accurate harmonic analysis of power systems can be achieved using such simulation tools.
This document summarizes a research paper on using active power filters to reduce total harmonic distortion. It provides background on power quality issues caused by harmonics from nonlinear loads. Active power filters inject harmonic currents to cancel out load harmonics. The document describes shunt and series active power filters and their control methods. Simulation results show that a shunt active power filter can reduce the voltage THD from 17.92% to 11.46% and current THD from 0.53% to 0.46% for an AC-DC converter feeding an R-L load. Thus, active power filters are effective in mitigating harmonics and improving power quality.
IRJET- Review: Active Power Filtering Techniques for Power SystemIRJET Journal
This document reviews active power filtering techniques for power systems. It begins with an abstract that defines active filters as power electronic circuits that use power switches and passive elements like inductors and capacitors to control current harmonics and reactive power. It then provides an introduction that discusses the increasing use of distributed generation and renewable energy sources integrating with grids, which can cause power quality issues. The document then describes different active power filtering techniques in detail, including shunt active power filters, series active power filters, and unified power quality conditioners. It reviews several specific techniques reported in other research publications that use active power filters with photovoltaic systems, neural networks based control, and nonlinear inductance modeling.
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Power Flow Control In A Transmission Line Using Unified Power Flow ControllerIJMER
This paper concentrates on FACT device UPFC which is used for powerflow control in the
transmission side. With the growing demand of electricity, it is not possible to erect new lines to face the
situation. Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) makes use of the thyristor controlled devices and optimally
utilizes the existing transmission network. One of such device is Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on
which the emphasis is given in this present work. Real, reactive power, and voltage balance of the unified
power-flow control (UPFC) system is analyzed. A novel coordination controller is proposed for the UPFC.
The basic control method is such that the shunt converter controls the transmission line reactive power
flow and the dc-link voltage. The series converter controls the real power flow in the transmission line and
the UPFC bus voltages. Experimental works have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the
UPFC in power flow control in the transmission line. The simulation model was done in
MATLAB/SIMULINK platform.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
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In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
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Design of shunt hybrid active power filter for compensating harmonic currents and reactive power
1. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 18, No. 4, August 2020, pp. 2148~2157
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i4.15156 2148
Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA
Design of shunt hybrid active power filter for compensating
harmonic currents and reactive power
Ibrahim Alhamrouni1
, F. N. Hanafi2
, Mohamed Salem3
,
Nadia H. A. Rahman 4
, Awang Jusoh5
, T. Sutikno6
1,2, 4
Electrical Engineering Section, University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
3
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
5
School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
6
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Indonesia
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Jan 4, 2020
Revised Mar 25, 2020
Accepted Apr 12, 2020
For the past two decades, tremendous advancements have been achieved in
the electricity industry. The usage of non-linear loads in the daily life has
affected the power quality of the system and caused the presence of harmonics.
To compensate the harmonic currents and reactive power in the system,
the design of shunt hybrid active power filter has been proposed in this
research. The design of the filter has included several control systems of
instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) theory and PI controller to
investigate the performance of the filter. The robustness of the designed hybrid
power filter has also been benchmarked with the other filter topologies
available in literature. The hybrid power filter will combine passive power
filter and active power filter configurated in shunt connection. The result of
this research showed that the total harmonic distortion analyzed is below than
5% according to IEEE-519 standard requirements and reactive power is
compensated proved by the increase in power factor. The shunt hybrid active
power filter is designed, and simulation result is analyzed by using
MATLAB-Simulink environment.
Keywords:
Harmonic
Hybrid active filter
Pi controller
Power factor correction
P-q theory
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Ibrahim Alhamrouni,
Electrical Engineering Section,
Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI),
Gombak 53100, Malaysia.
Email: ibrahim.mohamed@unikl.edu.my
1. INTRODUCTION
Power quality and efficiency are very important as industries, economics and daily life are completely
relying on electricity. There is some type of issues that need to be considered, such as harmonics, when
generating and transmitting the electrical power and also when used by the consumers. Harmonics is integral
multiple of fundamental frequency that distorts the waveforms or signals of voltage and current caused by
the non-linear loads, such as inductive loads or switched-mode power supplies equipment [1, 2]. Harmonics
can cause overheating and increase iron losses in transformer, reduce torque in motor and destroy a power
system of electrical appliances [3]. According to the global standard of IEEE 519, the maximum limit of
harmonic distortion (THD) allowed in a system is 5% [4, 5]. Therefore, harmonics need to be minimized to
increase the efficiency of a power system [6]. Several types of filters have been proposed for the purpose of
harmonic components mitigation. The first filter developed is passive LC power filter, which is a combination
of capacitors and inductors that commonly connected in parallel with the loads. However, this filter can also
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be connected in series with the system to mitigate the single frequency of harmonic current, but it is not suitable
as it generates high impedance for the harmonic components. The passive power filter (PPF) helps to channel
the harmonic currents to the ground that will provide reactive power to correct the power factor [7]. Although
it may help to reduce the harmonics, passive filters are not suitable for variable loads and appearance of
resonance for certain harmonic [8]. Another approach used to minimize harmonics is active power filter (APF).
There are two types of active filters configuration which are series and shunt [9]. The series active power filter
is configured in series with the distribution system through same transformer. The principle application is
the same as shunt APF because it uses the same controller of VSI, but it is uncommon with shunt APF because
it uses interfacing transformer instead of inductor. The series APF is best to use as the voltage harmonic
mitigation. The filter will mitigate the harmonic voltage distortion between the non-linear loads and the source.
The harmonic is eliminated and pure sinusoidal wave in the load is maintained by injecting harmonic voltage
to compensate the voltage waveform from the voltage source. Therefore, it is usually used at the voltage source
of the electrical systems. However, series APF is less common to be used because it has high rating current
loads that can cause I2R losses. Shunt active power filter is commonly used configuration in application
of active filters. The shunt active filter is connected in parallel to the harmonic source loads and consists
of controllable voltage and current sources. The most commonly used in the filtering industries is voltage
source inverter (VSI) type driven by pulse-width modulation technique. The method of compensating the
harmonics is by injecting the harmonic currents into the non-linear loads at equal amplitude with opposite
phase displacement. It is potential to connect some shunt APF in parallel to make it suitable for high range of
power ratings.
Shunt active filter is used for compensating the reactive power and harmonic currents. Although
the cost of this type of filters is expensive for large-scale system, the compensation efficiency is better than
the series active filter [10]. Different from series type, shunt active filter is commonly used in the industry
especially since it is appropriate for wide range power rating system. To compensate the harmonic components,
several techniques are used, such as instantaneous reactive power (p-q) theory, synchronous dq reference frame
theory and Lyapunov-function-based control theory. Several control methods are also used in the filter in order
to improve the performance.Considering the available designs and topologies of different filters for the purpose
of mitigating harmonics, the issue has yet to be solved. Whereas several drawbacks have been found when
using previously proposed techniques. The first downside that can be noticed is the inability to compensate or
mitigate the harmonic issue, where some previous methods failed to mitigate the harmonic issue to the limit
where it complies with the specified standards [11]. The second drawback of the previous studies is that,
the high cost of implementing the proposed technique. Where some available methods are found to be not
totally cost effective for the utilities which limit their application to solve the raised issue [12]. Another
shortcoming of the methods in the literature is the consequences of applying the mitigation technique, where
some methods help to mitigate the harmonics to the desired level [13]. On the other side, they create different
problem in the system such as resonance and losses issues.
To overcome the previously encountered issues by other mitigation techniques, this paper presents
a hybrid active power filter (HAPF) that combines the passive power filter and active power filter particularly
for high power non-linear loads. In this research, control methods such as proportional integral (PI) controller
is used to control the DC voltage of the filter. Another controller applied in this filter is also hysteresis current
controller (HCC) which will force the actual current to track the reference compensated current in the hysteresis
band. Furthermore, low pass filter (LPF) is also added to obtain the important components directly from
electrical signal of the distorted voltage and current into the form of ⍺-β reference frame under distorted current
conditions. All these control methods are used to enhance the performance of the hybrid active power filter.
The design of the hybrid active power filter is simulated in MATLAB-Simulink environment.
2. HYBRID ACTIVE FILTER TOPOLOGY
HAPF is a combination of passive filters and active filter. The filter designed in shunt configuration
as shown in Figure 1. It has both advantages of passive filter and active filter to compensate the harmonic
component effectively. This system also implemented with voltage source inverter (VSI), low pass filter (LPF),
PI controller and hysteresis current controller (HCC). As for non-linear load, the diode rectifier with smoothing
DC capacitor and inductor is used to create specified current distortion. The AC side and source impedance
will influence the amplitude of harmonic current in the waveforms. Because of the harmonic voltage distortion
cause by the non-linear load, passive power filter (PPF) is commonly used to compensate the harmonic
distortion in the power system at the low switching frequency operation. The PPF consists of capacitor and
inductor [7]. However, the presence of harmonic current makes the L-C less effective to be used alone in
the power system [8]. The configuration of PPF will be in parallel as it is effective to compensate harmonic
currents and mitigate limited voltage distortion, it also provides low impedance path for harmonic components
to flow through at the loads end. This filter also provides reactive power for power factor correction. The type
3. ISSN: 1693-6930
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of filter used are single tuned band-pass filter that tuned single frequency. However, the PPF will generate
the resonance and new harmonics to the power systems.To eliminate the risk of resonance and presence of new
harmonics, active power filter (APF) is used in the system at the high switching frequency operation to improve
the performance of PPF. The APF will inject the compensating currents to generate pure sinusoidal source
current at the unity power factor of the non-linear loads. The configuration of APF will be shunt since shunt
active filter (APF) is the most common filter used at the power systems.
The voltage source inverter (VSI) will provide voltage source for the filter at the DC bus control by
HCC method. The amplitude, frequency and phase of the voltage are controllable [11]. It is controlled so that
the output current of the inverter is forced to follow the reference currents. The HCC extraction method is used
so that the comparison of the fundamental currents and reference current can be produced. For the fast response
current controlled inverters such as APF, it is important to have effective current control technique. Hysteresis
current control (HCC) is an effective and accurate feedback current control method by forcing the actual current
to track the reference current within the hysteresis band to generate the required triggering pulses [14]. In order
to produce the control pulses for VSI switches, the actual currents of Ia, Ib and Ic are evaluated in the hysteresis
current controller so that the actual currents will track the reference currents closely inside the hysteresis band.
The hysteresis band is the tolerance boundary of the compensating current. The currents diverge between upper
and lower hysteresis band. The current changes from upper to lower of hysteresis band and vice versa will
illustrate as the switching frequency of the HCC. Therefore, the switching frequency is not constant during
the switching operation of VSI and modifies according to the current waveform.The APF will use instantaneous
reactive power theory (p-q theory) as a control technique for the compensation of reference current that will be
extracted by LPF. Low pass filter is used to improve the performance of the shunt HAPF to mitigate harmonic
by filtering the distorted ⍺-β components and extract the undistorted and balance voltage or current in a signal
to obtain the average power desired.
This filter allows lower frequency than the cut-off frequency and rejects high frequency.
The compensate reference currents, it is evaluated by PI controller and the HCC will generate signal output.
Proportional integral (PI) controller is the most common controller used for DC bus voltage in shunt active
power filters. PI controller is used to track the reference current from the measured DC bus voltage [15].
The shunt active power filter has several control algorithms including evaluation of the reference current
signals for each of the three-phases of the inverter, produce the inverter gating pulses and sustain the dc link
voltage constant. In order to maintain the dc link voltage constant, the DC capacitor voltage, VDC is measured
and compared to the voltage references value, VDC REF. The configuration of the hybrid active power filter
is in shunt. The HAPF will combine one or more of shunt PPF and low-rated shunt APF connected in series
at the three-phase power system
Figure 1. Proposed shunt hybrid active power filter circuit configuration
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3. INSTANTANEOUS ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER THEORY
The p-q theory has been previously presented in [16, 17]. This theory has been used differently in this
research, where it is specified on the instantaneous values of three phase power systems with or without
the neutral wire and proved to be valid for transient as well as steady state situations. The idea of this theory is
to generate the harmonic components to be suppressed with the non-linear loads. The p-q theory uses a Clarke
transformation to voltages and currents from the three-phase ‘a-b-c’ by shifting the phase of the actual signal
to 90° and transform to two-phase system, which is defined instantaneously. The three-phase load current and
voltage is converted into ⍺-β form using Clarke transformation matrix as follows:
[
𝐼 𝛼
𝐼𝛽
] = [𝑇] [
𝐼𝐿𝑎
𝐼𝐿𝑏
𝐼𝐿𝑐
] (1)
where: Tp-q is the transformation matrix as:
𝑇 = √2
3⁄ [
1 1
2⁄ − 1
2⁄
0 √3
2
⁄ − √3
2
⁄
] (2)
The current in the ⍺-β axis can be separated into DC and AC components by:
𝐼 𝛼 = 𝐼 𝛼
̈ + 𝐼 𝛼
̂ (3)
𝐼𝛽 = 𝐼𝛽
̈ + 𝐼𝛽
̂ (4)
Afterwards, the fundamental components at the pulse will be obtained by LPF directly from the ⍺-β
axis of the currents. The ⍺-β components of the load currents are calculated by deducting the LPF input signals
from the equivalent outputs. The resulting signals are the AC components of 𝐼 𝛼
̈ and 𝐼𝛽
̈ which are equivalent
with the harmonic components of the load currents in the stationary reference frame.
The voltage source will be transformed to ⍺-β of the reference frame by:
[
𝑉𝛼
𝑉𝛽
] = [𝑇] [
𝑉𝑆𝑎
𝑉𝑆𝑏
𝑉𝑆𝑐
] (5)
The instantaneous active and reactive power of P and Q are specified by:
𝑃 = 𝑃̂ + 𝑃⃛, 𝑃 = (𝐼 𝛼)(𝑉𝛼
̂ ) + (𝐼 𝛽)(𝑉𝛽
̂) (6)
𝑄 = 𝑄̂ + 𝑄⃛, 𝑄 = (𝐼 𝛽)(𝑉𝛼
̂ ) + (𝐼 𝛼)(𝑉𝛽
̂) (7)
where:
𝑃̂ and 𝑄̂ are the fundamental components
𝑃⃛ and 𝑄⃛ are the AC components
The 𝑃⃛ and 𝑄⃛ that related to the ⍺-β of the same voltages and currents can also be written as:
[
𝑃⃛
𝑄⃛] = [
𝑉𝛼
̂ 𝑉𝛽
̂
−𝑉𝛽
̂ 𝑉𝛼
̂
] [
𝐼 𝛼
𝐼𝛽
] (8)
The active power required, Pc then will be added to the AC components of the instantaneous real
power, 𝑃⃛ for regulation of the DC bus voltage. Lastly, the filter reference current in the ‘a-b-c’ frame can be
obtained by;
[
𝐼 𝑎
̀
𝐼𝑏
̀
𝐼𝑐
̀
] = √2
3⁄
[
1 0
1
2⁄ √3
2
⁄
− 1
2⁄ − √3
2
⁄ ]
(9)
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4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
In order to validate the performance of the proposed HAPF, the complete model of the system has
been built and simulated in MATLAB-Simulink environment. The main aspects of the simulation are to study
1) the harmonic compenents impact on the system; 2) the harmonic currents compensated by using different
types of filters; 3) the reactive power compensation impact on the power factor. In addition, the simulated
results and THD values are analyzed to investigate the performance of each filter used. The parameters values
and specifications of the shunt hybrid active power filter illustrated in Figure 1 are presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Specification parameters
Specification Parameters Values
Phase voltage and frequency VS = 400 V, f =50 Hz
Line impedance R = 0.01 Ω, L = 1µH
Current-source non-linear L = 10 mH, R = 70 Ω
Passive filter parameter L= 1.11 mH, C=196 µF
DC-capacitance CDC = 3.5 µF
Inner controller parameter KP = 0.1, KI = 1
4.1. Harmonic impact on the system
Figure 2. shows that the voltage of the three-phase source, VS and load voltage, VL is balanced and
not distorted in this case. The harmonic components presence is caused by the inductive non-linear load where
reluctant square wave had formed in the load current waveform. The reluctant square wave formed had also
affected the three-phase current source waveform as shown in Figure 3. The time response for the system is set
to be t= 0.2s as it is the most dynamic time response. The value of THD encountered in the non-linear system
is same as the THD value in the system which is 28.53% as shown in Figure 4. The harmonic occurred in
the non-linear load has affected the current source and caused the THD value to be higher than the IEEE
standard requirement.
Figure 2. Three-phase source voltage and load voltage
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(a)
(b)
Figure 3. (a) Three-phase load current, and (b) three-phase source current
(a) (b)
Figure 4. (a) THD value of source current in phase and (b) THD value of non-linear load current
4.2. Harmonic compensation using different type of filters
In this part, the harmonic currents have been compensated by using different types of filters. The filters
used are shunt PPF, shunt APF and shunt HAPF. The purpose of that is to benchmark and compare
the robustness of the performance of each filter in terms of harmonic currents compensation and reduction of
THD value. Figure 5 shows the difference of each current source waveform after different filters are applied.
The current compensation has been improved with respect to the filters used. The current source waveform has
compensated to almost sinusoidal waveform after shunt HAPF has been utilized comparing to the other filters
used. The HAPF compensated the harmonic currents by providing the low impedance path to the single
harmonic components in the PPF and the other harmonic components are mitigated by using p-q theory
controller. This controller compensated the three-phase current in the form of two-phase in α-β form.
The reference current is injected in the system through hysteresis current controller to allow the actual current
track the reference current in the hysteresis band. The PI controller is used to track the reference current from
the measured DC voltage. This controller allows the filter to compensate the harmonic current even in
the stable three-phase voltage system. The value of THD also improved and reduced according to the other
filters used. The THD value after shunt HAPF is applied is reduced from 28.53% to 1.96% as shown in
Figure 6. According to IEEE 519 standard, the value of THD allowed in the system must be below than 5%.
Therefore, the THD value after applying shunt HAPF is in parallel with the standard requirement. However,
compared to the obtained result of THD value with respect to the previous research done in [10, 18-23],
the THD value is 2.60% slightly higher than the simulation result obtained in this research.
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Figure 5. (a) Current source after applied shunt PPF, (b) current source after applied APF, and
(c) current source after applied shunt HAPF
(a) (b)
(c)
Figure 6. (a) THD value of source current after applied shunt PPF, (b) THD value of source current after
applied shunt APF, and (c) THD value of source current after applied shunt HAPF
(a)
(b)
(c)
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4.3. Reactive power compensation effect to power factor correction
The filters used to compensate the harmonic current also provided reactive power compensation.
The inductive non-linear load happened to absorb the reactive power and effect the power factor as reactive
power is undesired power in the system [24, 25]. The power factor of the non-linear load is considered
low which is 0.65. Figure 7 shows the active and reactive power before filters were applied. Therefore,
the application of the filter managed to correct the power factor by compensating the reactive power. After
shunt HAPF has been applied to the system, the power factor improved to almost unity which is 0.96.
Figure 8 shows the reactive power compensated by using different types of filters. The reactive power is
provided by the use of capacitor in the PPF and APF filter.
Figure 7. Active and reactive power before compensation
(a)
Figure 8. (a) Compensated reactive power after shunt PPF applied
9. ISSN: 1693-6930
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(b)
(c)
Figure 8. (b) compensated reactive power after shunt APF applied, and (c) compensated reactive
power after shunt HAPF applied (continue)
5. CONCLUSION
This paper presented a method to compensate harmonic currents components and reactive power of a
polluted power system. For this purpose, a shunt hybrid active power filter (HAPF) is designed in this research.
The combination of shunt passive power filter (PPF) and shunt active power filter (APF) are connected in shunt
configuration. The filter used control method of proportional integral (PI) controller, Hysteresis current
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controller (HCC) and instantaneous active and reactive power (p-q) theory controller. From the results
obtained, the three- phase power system connected to non-linear load produced reluctant square current
waveform and high value of THD. Nevertheless, by applying the proposed shunt HAPF in the system,
the current waveform produced is compensated to almost sinusoidal waveform. The THD value have also been
reduced according to IEEE 519 standard requirements. The reactive power has also been compensated for
significantly improving the power factor as the reactive power has been supplied to the system. The robustness
of the proposed shunt HAPF has been validated and compared to the other filters previously used which are
PPF and APF.
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