Design of fasteners and welded joints
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The document contains several examples of calculating weld sizes and bolt sizes for different welded and bolted joints. The examples involve calculating shear stresses in welds due to direct loads and bending moments and determining necessary weld sizes. They also involve calculating bolt sizes for different bolted joints based on allowable shear stresses and safety factors. The final example calculates the necessary bolt size for connecting a steam engine cylinder head based on the steam pressure, cylinder dimensions, bolt material properties, and a preload on the bolts.
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![PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS
A plate of 200mm width is welded to a vertical plate by fillet welding
on three sides to form a cantilever with an overlap of 150 mm and
overhang of 400 mm. A vertical down ward load of 35 kN is applied
at free end for a weld stress of 75 N/mm2. Determine the size of the
weld.
Given:
Load, P = 35 kN = 35000 N
Weld width, b = 150 mm
Weld depth, d = 200 mm
Allowable shear stress of
weld,
[τ] = 75 N/mm2](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Okay, here are the steps:
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2) Thickness, t = 1.8 mm
3) Cutting edge length, L = πD = π * 25 mm = 78.5 mm
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This document contains 8 questions on the topics of mechanics of solids for a B.Tech exam. Question 1 has two parts asking about (a) finding the size and length of a middle tie bar portion given stress and extension values, and (b) calculating the extension of a rod with a varying width. Question 2 asks to analyze a beam shown in a figure by drawing shear force, bending moment, and thrust diagrams. The remaining questions cover additional topics like simple bending, stresses in beams and cylinders, truss analysis methods, and deflection calculations.
Design of couplings
The document discusses the design of various types of rigid and flexible couplings. It provides steps to design a flange coupling connecting two shafts transmitting 37.5 kW power at 180 rpm. Key details include calculating torque from power, selecting shaft diameter, coupling dimensions based on standards, and checking design of key and bolts for shearing and crushing. The document also provides problems and solutions for designing flange, muff, and clamp couplings for given power and speed conditions.
9793339.ppt
This document contains a summary of 5 lectures on the design of riveted and welded joints:
1. Lecture 1 introduces riveted joints, including types of rivets, types of riveted joints, and riveting methods.
2. Lecture 2 describes types of riveted joints in more detail, including lap joints and butt joints.
3. Lecture 3 covers failures of riveted joints, riveting processes like caulking and fullering, and the design of longitudinal butt joints for boilers.
4. Lectures 4 and 5 provide more details on the design of longitudinal and circumferential lap joints for boilers, including determining thickness
Mechanics of solids 1 lecture-1
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Design of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion For Grain Refinement
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion Grain refinement by severe deformation and FEA of ECAE deformation was carried out using Hyper mesh, Abaqus for optimization of Billet.
Tasks Performed
Effect of friction on Strain
Effect of die angle on Strain
Effect of Fillet radius on Strain
Effect of Thickness on Strain
(PART1/2)COLLAPSE OF THE HYATT REGENCY WALKWAYS 1981
THIS TECHNICAL REPORT COVERS THE ANALYSIS & INVESTIGATION FOR COLLAPSE OF THE HYATT REGENCY WALKWAYS 1981
Design analysis of Cotter joint used in piston rod and crosshead a.pptx
Design analysis of Cotter joint
used in piston rod and crosshead
1.Abstract
2.Introduction
3.Literature survey
4.Design of cotter joint
5.Cotter joint to connect piston rod and crosshead
6.Example problem statement
7.3d modelling of cotter joint
8.Analysis of cotter joint
9.Result and discussion
10.Conclusion
11.Suggestion for future
12.References
H.w. #7
The document contains solutions to multiple problems involving determining shear stress, torque, and angle of twist in shaft and rod systems. Key details include formulas for calculating shear stress given torque and geometry, determining required diameters to not exceed allowable stress, and calculating angle of twist between sections using torque, length, shear modulus, and polar second moment of area. Examples analyze hollow and solid shafts made of materials like steel, brass, and aluminum under different torque conditions.
strength of materials TUTORIAL 2
Ae211 tutorial sheet no. 2 simple shear stress nov 2017
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Unit 2.3 Design of Coupling
A coupling is a mechanical device that rigidly joins two rotating shafts together. There are three main types of couplings: rigid couplings for perfectly aligned shafts, flexible couplings for shafts with misalignment, and flange couplings which can transmit high torque capacities but do not tolerate misalignment or shocks/vibrations. Design of couplings involves calculating shaft diameters, sleeve/flange dimensions, key dimensions, and bolt diameters based on the transmitted power, material properties, and safety factors. Dimensional relationships and equations are used to check stresses in the various coupling components.
IRJET - Experimental Investigation of flexural member of Beam Opening in ...
1) The document experimentally investigates the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams with web openings created by inserting PVC pipes.
2) 14 beams were cast and tested under one-point and two-point loading. Beams with PVC pipes in the tension zone below the neutral axis showed higher load capacities compared to solid beams.
3) The results indicate that using PVC pipes in the tension zone is a viable way to reduce concrete usage in beams while maintaining structural performance.
Similar to Design of fasteners and welded joints (20)
Design of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion For Grain Refinement
Design of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion For Grain Refinement
(PART1/2)COLLAPSE OF THE HYATT REGENCY WALKWAYS 1981
(PART1/2)COLLAPSE OF THE HYATT REGENCY WALKWAYS 1981
Design analysis of Cotter joint used in piston rod and crosshead a.pptx
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IRJET - Experimental Investigation of flexural member of Beam Opening in ...
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This document discusses different types of temporary and permanent joints used in structures, including bolted joints, knuckle joints, cotter joints, welded joints, and riveted joints. It specifically focuses on eccentrically loaded riveted joints and provides examples of calculating the size of rivets needed based on the load and permissible stresses.
Balancing of reciprocating masses
The document discusses balancing of reciprocating masses in engines. It describes:
1. The various forces acting on reciprocating parts and how the inertia force is balanced by an opposing force on the crankshaft, leaving an unbalanced force.
2. Methods to partially balance the primary unbalanced force using a balancing mass on the crank, which changes the direction of the maximum unbalanced force.
3. How balancing is applied to two-cylinder locomotives, reducing variation in tractive force, swaying couple, and hammer blow.
Balancing of rotating masses
This document discusses balancing rotating masses on a shaft. It provides examples of balancing a single mass, balancing multiple masses in the same plane, and balancing masses in different planes. It then gives two example problems:
1) A shaft carries four masses rotating at different radii and angles, and asks to find the balancing mass and its position if placed at a given radius.
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Design of bearings and flywheel
Here are the steps to design and draw a flywheel for a four stroke four cylinder 133 kW engine running at 375 rpm with a diameter not exceeding 1 m:
Given:
Power of engine, P = 133 kW = 133000 W
Number of cylinders, n = 4
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Maximum diameter, Dmax = 1 m
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p = (2*P)/(n*π*D^2*N)
p = (2*133000)/(4*π*(0.5)^2*375) = 7 bar
Step 2) Calculate the mass moment of inertia (I) required:
I
Forced vibrations unit 4
1. The document discusses forced vibrations of mechanical systems subjected to periodic external forces such as harmonic, stepped, or periodic disturbances. It provides examples and discusses the amplitude of forced vibrations.
2. Vibration isolation techniques are introduced to minimize the transmission of vibrations from machines to foundations using springs and dampers. The transmissibility ratio, which is the ratio of transmitted force to applied force, is defined.
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Governors
Here are the key steps to solve this problem:
1) Calculate the centrifugal forces at the minimum and maximum radii using Fc = mω2r
2) Use the lever equation to relate the centrifugal forces to the spring forces:
Fc1/S1 = r1/x
Fc2/S2 = r2/x
3) The initial compression of the spring is r2 - r1
4) Use the relation between spring force and compression to find the spring constant:
ΔS/Δx = s
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Gyroscopic couple
1. The document discusses gyroscopic couple, which acts on a spinning object that is rotating about another axis.
2. It provides examples of gyroscopic couple in naval ships, where the spinning of propeller shafts affects steering, pitching, and rolling.
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The document discusses equivalent dynamical systems used to model the motion of rigid bodies acted on by external forces. It defines an equivalent dynamical system as one where: 1) the sum of the masses equals the total body mass, 2) the center of gravity of the masses matches the body's, and 3) the sum of the mass moments of inertia about the center of gravity equals the body's. It then gives an example of calculating the equivalent dynamical system for a connecting rod suspended and oscillating, determining the radius of gyration and placing one mass at the small end center and the other a distance l2 from the center of gravity.
flywheel
A punching press punches 38mm holes in 32mm thick plates, requiring 7 N-m of energy per square mm of sheared area. It punches one hole every 10 seconds. The mean flywheel speed is 25 m/s.
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Unit 3 free vibration
This document covers free and damped vibrations. It defines key terms like natural frequency, damping, and damping ratio. It describes the equations of motion for an undamped single degree of freedom system and how to calculate the natural frequency. It also covers calculating the natural frequency of damped systems and defines types of damping like overdamped, underdamped, and critically damped systems. Formulas are provided for damped vibration frequency, logarithmic decrement, and damping ratio. Examples are given on calculating natural frequency, damping coefficient, and damping ratio from data provided on an oscillating system.
Transverse vibrations
This document provides instructions on how to calculate the natural frequency of vibration of a shaft that is carrying multiple loads at different points. It describes calculating: 1) the moment of inertia of the shaft, 2) the static deflection caused by each point load individually, 3) the total static deflection by summing the individual deflections, and 4) the natural frequency of transverse vibration of the shaft based on the total deflection. It then gives two example problems involving shafts of different sizes, materials, and load configurations to calculate the natural frequency.
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Free vibrations
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Damped vibrations
The document discusses different types of damping in vibrating systems, including viscous, Coulomb, and critical damping. It provides equations to calculate damping coefficient, logarithmic decrement, damping ratio, natural frequency, and damped vibration frequency. Examples are given to show how to determine damping coefficient, critical damping coefficient, damping factor, logarithmic decrement, and ratio of damped to undamped frequencies based on given mass, spring constant, amplitude decay between cycles.
Three rotor system
The document describes a three rotor system with rotors A, B, and C connected by a shaft. Rotor A has an inertia of 0.15 kg-m2, rotor B has an inertia of 0.30 kg-m2, and rotor C has an inertia of 0.09 kg-m2. The system can vibrate with nodes forming between rotors C and A or between rotors C and B depending on the direction of rotation. The task is to find the natural frequency of the torsional vibrations using the given inertias, shaft dimensions, and modulus of rigidity.
Free torsional vibrations of a geared system
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Critical speed of shaft
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Design of fasteners and welded joints
- 1. DESIGN OF FASTENERS AND WELDED JOINTS UNIT 3
- 2. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS A plate of 200mm width is welded to a vertical plate by fillet welding on three sides to form a cantilever with an overlap of 150 mm and overhang of 400 mm. A vertical down ward load of 35 kN is applied at free end for a weld stress of 75 N/mm2. Determine the size of the weld. Given: Load, P = 35 kN = 35000 N Weld width, b = 150 mm Weld depth, d = 200 mm Allowable shear stress of weld, [τ] = 75 N/mm2
- 3. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Solution : Step I : Fix the centroid of weld
- 4. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Step II : Calculate the direct / primary shear stress, τ1
- 5. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Step III : Calculate the secondary shear stress due to twisting, τ2
- 6. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS e - Eccentricity, distance between the centroid of weld and line of action of load
- 7. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS
- 8. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS A 50 mm diameter solid shaft is welded to a flat plate as shown in Fig. 10.25. If the size of the weld is 15 mm, find the maximum normal and shear stress in the weld Solution. Given : D = 50 mm ; s = 15 mm ; P = 10 kN = 10 000 N ; e = 200 mm Let t = Throat thickness. The joint, as shown in Fig. 10.25, is subjected to direct shear stress and the bending stress. We know that the throat area for a circular fillet weld, A = t × π D = 0.707 s × π D = 0.707 × 15 × π × 50 = 1666 mm2 ∴ Direct shear stress,
- 9. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS
- 10. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Maximum normal stress
- 11. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS
- 12. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS A bracket is welded to the welded column by means two fillet welds as shown in fig. determine the size of welds, if permissible shear stress in weld is limited to 70 N/mm2. Given: Load, P = 10 kN = 10000 N Weld width, b = 50 mm Weld depth, d = 100 mm Allowable shear stress of weld, [τ] = 70 N/mm2
- 13. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Step I : Calculate the direct / primary shear stress, τ
- 14. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Step II : Calculate the bending stress due to Bending Moment, σb
- 15. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS
- 16. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS A welded joint as shown in figure is subjected to an eccentric load of 2 kN. Find the size of the weld, if the maximum shear stress in the weld is 25 MPa.
- 17. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Given: Load, P = 2 kN = 2000 N Weld width, b = 40 mm Weld depth, d = 40 mm Allowable shear stress of weld, [τ] = 25 N/mm2
- 18. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Step I : Calcu late the direct / primary shear stress, τ
- 19. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS Step II : Calculate the bending stress due to Bending Moment, σb
- 20. PROBLEM IN WELED JOINTS
- 21. PROBLEM IN BOLTS AND JOINTS A steel plate subjected to a force of 5kN and fixed to a channel by means of three identical bolts is as shown in Fig. the bolts are made from plain carbon steel 45C8 and the factor of safety is 3. Specify the size of bolts. Given: Load, P = 5 kN = 5000 N Yield strength of 45C8 bolt material, σy= 380 N/mm2 Factor of safety = 3 Allowable shear stress of weld, [τ] = (0.5 σy) / Factor of safety = (0.5x380)/3 = 63.3 N/mm2
- 22. PROBLEM IN BOLTS AND JOINTS
- 23. PROBLEM IN BOLTS AND JOINTS
- 24. PROBLEM IN BOLTS AND JOINTS
- 25. PROBLEM IN BOLTS AND JOINTS
- 26. PROBLEM IN THREADED JOINTS – STEAM ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD FOR VARIABLE LOAD (SOLDERBERG EQN.)A steam engine of effective diameter 300 mm is subjected to a steam pressure of 1.5 MPa. The cylinder head is connected by 8 bolts having yield point 330 MPa and endurance limit at 240 MPa. The bolts are tightened with an initial preload of 1.5 times the steam load. A soft copper gasket is used to make the joint leak-proof. Assuming a factor of safety 2, find the size of the bolt required. The stiffness factor for copper gasket may be taken as 0.5. Given: Steam Pressure, p = 1.5 MPa = 1.5 N/mm2 Diameter of cylinder head, D = 300 mm Number of bolts, n = 8 Yield strength of bolt material, σy = 330 MPa = 330 N/mm2 Endurance strength of bolt material, σ-1 = 240 MPa = 240 N/mm2 Factor of safety = 2 Stiffness factor of copper gasket, C = 0.5 Pre-load pressure = 1.5p = 2.25 N/mm2
- 29. PROBLEM IN THREADED JOINTS – STEAM ENGINE CYLINDER HEAD FOR VARIABLE LOAD (SOLDERBERG EQN.)