This document presents research on designing an automobile front bumper to better attenuate collision energy. The study aims to reduce passenger and vehicle body damage from collisions. Three materials - ABS plastic, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, and glass fiber reinforced plastic - were modeled and analyzed using CATIA and ANSYS software. Dynamic impact simulations were performed with the bumper striking a fixed support at 10 m/s. Von Mises stress and deformation results from ANSYS were highest for carbon fiber, followed by glass fiber and ABS plastic. A mathematical model was also developed to calculate impact stress, and results closely matched those from ANSYS simulations. In conclusion, composite materials showed better energy absorption during impact testing compared to ABS plastic.
The document provides an overview of Body-in-White (BIW) in automobile manufacturing. It discusses:
1. What BIW refers to - the stage where the car body sheet metal is assembled but before other components are added.
2. The main purposes of body design including aesthetics, structure, ergonomics, safety, aerodynamics, and insulation.
3. The two main types of body structures - monocoque and frame mounted. It provides descriptions and diagrams of each.
- A normal modes analysis was performed on a finite element model of a clamping set to determine its vibration mode shapes. The model was imported into HyperMesh and material properties and constraints were applied.
- An eigenvalue extraction was specified to calculate the first 6 modes. The results were viewed in HyperView and showed the component deforming in different patterns for each mode.
Aircraft Finite Element Modelling for structure analysis using Altair ProductsAltair
The Airbus airframe design process has considerably evolved since 20 years with the constant improvement of numerical simulation capability and the computational means capacity. Today the size of Finite Element Models for aircraft structural behaviour study is exceeding the boundary of airframe components (fuselage section, wing); for the A350, a very large scale non-linear model of more than 60 million degrees of freedom has been developed to secure the static test campaign. This communication will illustrate the partnership with Altair and the use of Altair products for the creation and verification of very large models at Airbus. It will deal with: - Geometry preparation - Meshing - Property assignment - Assembly - Checking More generally, numerical simulation will play more and more a major role in the aircraft process, from the development of new concepts / derivatives to the support of the in-service fleet. Then, this presentation will also state the coming needs regarding model creation tools to cope with Airbus strategy.
Speakers
Marion Touboul, Ingénieur en Simulation Numérique - Calcul Structure, Airbus Opérations SAS
This document outlines various safety standards for vehicles from different organizations. It includes standards for frontal impact, bumpers, side impact protection, rear impact, headrests, seats, pedestrian protection, steering columns, roof crush resistance, and rollover protection. The standards are from the FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) in the US, ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) regulations, and AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) assessments.
This document summarizes the capabilities of seat evaluation simulations including frontal/rear impact, seatbelt anchorage tests, child restraint systems, head restraint strength, and other tests. The simulations use standardized procedures and load cases to evaluate compliance with standards. Comprehensive reports are generated identifying critical areas, displacement/stress outputs, and countermeasures. Correlation with physical test results is also provided.
Vehicle Body Engineering Bus Body DetailsRajat Seth
This document discusses different types and classifications of bus bodies. It describes mini buses, town/city buses, suburban buses, and luxury coaches based on their passenger capacity and key features. The document also provides a table comparing passenger capacities for different bus types. Finally, it classifies buses based on body shape, such as classic, single deck, double deck, two level single decker, and articulated buses.
Three sentences summarizing the document:
The document discusses vehicle safety evaluation and certification processes. It covers crash worthiness testing and reviews of accident data, and provides details on various safety standards and regulations regarding occupant protection, crash testing facilities, and crash dummies. Terminology related to crashworthiness is defined.
This document provides an overview of vehicle body engineering, including:
1. It defines key terms related to vehicle body design such as chassis, body, suspension system, and power train.
2. It describes the basic requirements for automobile body design including strength, stiffness, providing adequate space, minimizing air drag, and protecting occupants from weather, corrosion, and accidents.
3. It discusses important considerations for vehicle body design like visibility, terminology, and methods to improve space requirements. Diagrams are included to illustrate factors that influence visibility and space.
The document provides an overview of Body-in-White (BIW) in automobile manufacturing. It discusses:
1. What BIW refers to - the stage where the car body sheet metal is assembled but before other components are added.
2. The main purposes of body design including aesthetics, structure, ergonomics, safety, aerodynamics, and insulation.
3. The two main types of body structures - monocoque and frame mounted. It provides descriptions and diagrams of each.
- A normal modes analysis was performed on a finite element model of a clamping set to determine its vibration mode shapes. The model was imported into HyperMesh and material properties and constraints were applied.
- An eigenvalue extraction was specified to calculate the first 6 modes. The results were viewed in HyperView and showed the component deforming in different patterns for each mode.
Aircraft Finite Element Modelling for structure analysis using Altair ProductsAltair
The Airbus airframe design process has considerably evolved since 20 years with the constant improvement of numerical simulation capability and the computational means capacity. Today the size of Finite Element Models for aircraft structural behaviour study is exceeding the boundary of airframe components (fuselage section, wing); for the A350, a very large scale non-linear model of more than 60 million degrees of freedom has been developed to secure the static test campaign. This communication will illustrate the partnership with Altair and the use of Altair products for the creation and verification of very large models at Airbus. It will deal with: - Geometry preparation - Meshing - Property assignment - Assembly - Checking More generally, numerical simulation will play more and more a major role in the aircraft process, from the development of new concepts / derivatives to the support of the in-service fleet. Then, this presentation will also state the coming needs regarding model creation tools to cope with Airbus strategy.
Speakers
Marion Touboul, Ingénieur en Simulation Numérique - Calcul Structure, Airbus Opérations SAS
This document outlines various safety standards for vehicles from different organizations. It includes standards for frontal impact, bumpers, side impact protection, rear impact, headrests, seats, pedestrian protection, steering columns, roof crush resistance, and rollover protection. The standards are from the FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards) in the US, ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) regulations, and AIS (Abbreviated Injury Scale) assessments.
This document summarizes the capabilities of seat evaluation simulations including frontal/rear impact, seatbelt anchorage tests, child restraint systems, head restraint strength, and other tests. The simulations use standardized procedures and load cases to evaluate compliance with standards. Comprehensive reports are generated identifying critical areas, displacement/stress outputs, and countermeasures. Correlation with physical test results is also provided.
Vehicle Body Engineering Bus Body DetailsRajat Seth
This document discusses different types and classifications of bus bodies. It describes mini buses, town/city buses, suburban buses, and luxury coaches based on their passenger capacity and key features. The document also provides a table comparing passenger capacities for different bus types. Finally, it classifies buses based on body shape, such as classic, single deck, double deck, two level single decker, and articulated buses.
Three sentences summarizing the document:
The document discusses vehicle safety evaluation and certification processes. It covers crash worthiness testing and reviews of accident data, and provides details on various safety standards and regulations regarding occupant protection, crash testing facilities, and crash dummies. Terminology related to crashworthiness is defined.
This document provides an overview of vehicle body engineering, including:
1. It defines key terms related to vehicle body design such as chassis, body, suspension system, and power train.
2. It describes the basic requirements for automobile body design including strength, stiffness, providing adequate space, minimizing air drag, and protecting occupants from weather, corrosion, and accidents.
3. It discusses important considerations for vehicle body design like visibility, terminology, and methods to improve space requirements. Diagrams are included to illustrate factors that influence visibility and space.
Vibration analysis of Drivelines using MBD and the ability of the solvers is showcased in this ppt.
Consideration of 1D, 2D and 3D MBD models for drivelines and performing order analysis for the same.
Result shows the MBD capability of driveline simulations.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Chandan Kumar, a student of mechanical engineering at S S College of Engineering, Udaipur. It describes his summer training completed from June 1st to July 15th, 2015 at the Rajasthan Roadways depot workshop in Udaipur. The report includes an acknowledgements section, abstract, table of contents, and 7 chapters covering different mechanical systems of buses such as tires, diesel systems, transmissions, clutches, and brakes. It provides details of the student's training and experience working on maintenance and repairs of Rajasthan Roadways buses.
The document discusses the design and analysis of disc brakes. It begins by introducing disc brakes and their components, which typically include cast iron or ceramic materials. It then discusses the braking requirements, principles of operation, and working of disc brakes. The document lists the main components of disc brakes and provides examples of applications. It notes the advantages of disc brakes, such as good braking at all speeds and lightweight, and disadvantages including higher cost compared to drum brakes. The document then analyzes theories related to disc brake pressure distribution and wear. It provides equations for calculating the coefficient of friction and heat dissipation of disc brakes.
This document evaluates the effectiveness of virtual validation methods like finite element analysis (FEA) for testing automotive seating systems. It discusses the various challenges in seating system design given the need for comfort, safety and health. A variety of physical and analytical validation tests are described, including head restraint performance, seat anchorage strength, and fatigue resistance testing. The document achieves correlations of 87-92% between physical test and FEA simulation results, demonstrating the effectiveness of virtual validation methods for seating system testing.
This document describes a professional course on automotive body-in-white (BIW) design. The course covers fundamental concepts of sheet metal design, forming, and analysis. It teaches BIW design principles including structure design, load path analysis, spot welding, joints, corrosion protection, and more. Students will learn BIW design hands-on by designing panels. The course is taught by automotive experts and includes sessions on OEM organization, forming simulation, physical design cycles, and Indian regulations. The goal is to provide future automotive designers knowledge and skills for a career in core BIW design.
Vehicle Body Engineering Car Body ConstructionRajat Seth
The document discusses the construction of car bodies, describing various sub-assemblies that make up the body shell. These include the underbody assembly, body side assembly, shroud and dash panel assembly, roof and back window panels, center pillar, rear bulkhead, front end work, front wings, door panel assembly, bonnet assembly and more. Each sub-assembly is constructed separately then welded together to form the complete car body shell structure.
1. Vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death globally, killing over 1 million people per year. Safety standards and vehicle design improvements like seatbelts and airbags have significantly reduced road deaths and injuries over time.
2. The document discusses fundamentals of vehicle crash testing, including different types of crash tests conducted at a Vehicle Research Center to evaluate vehicle safety features. Crash tests include frontal, side, and offset impacts to evaluate occupant protection during collisions.
3. Crash test dummies are used to simulate humans in crash tests. Data collected from dummies helps researchers evaluate injury risks and improve vehicle design to better protect occupants. A variety of dummies are used representing adults and children.
This document provides information about anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and anti-slip regulation (ASR) for commercial vehicles. It discusses the development and benefits of ABS and ASR, how they work, their components, and additional systems like electronic stability control. The document covers the theoretical basics of ABS and ASR, explaining concepts like brake force coefficient, cornering force coefficient, and brake slip. It also includes diagrams illustrating the slip curves under different road conditions.
Vehicle Body Terminology, Visibility & SpaceRajat Seth
This document discusses key terms related to vehicle body engineering including tailfins, center consoles, fascias, and other exterior and interior body parts. It also covers requirements for automobile body design such as strength, stiffness, adequate interior space, minimizing air drag, weather protection, corrosion resistance, and safety in accidents. Finally, it addresses the importance of visibility and methods to improve frontal, downward, and rearward visibility for drivers through strategic window placement and sizing.
Design,Analysis & Fabrication of suspension of all terrain vehicleZubair Ahmed
This document provides an overview of suspension systems for vehicles, including definitions of key terms. It focuses on designing the suspension system for an all-terrain BAJA vehicle. The document discusses dependent and independent suspension systems. For the BAJA vehicle, an independent suspension was selected. The design process involved selecting components, geometry, and simulation to optimize ride, handling, and other factors. Detailed design of front and rear suspension components is described, including wishbones, uprights, wheel hubs, stub axles, trailing arms, and more. Steering system design is also discussed.
BIW refers to the body shell design of an automotive product without doors, engines or other moving parts. There are two main types of BIW - frame mounted and monocoque. A BIW consists of various structural components like pillars, panels, sills and cross members that are welded together from sheet metal. Effective BIW design considers factors like weight reduction, manufacturing feasibility, safety and aerodynamics to optimize vehicle performance and costs.
Design, Analysis and Manufacturing of Braking system for an Universal Terrain...EditorIJAERD
This document summarizes the design, analysis, and manufacturing of the braking system for a universal terrain vehicle. Key aspects of the braking system designed include hydraulic disc brakes, brake rotors made of SS410 steel, Vespa brake calipers, DOT4 brake fluid, a Maruti M800 tandem master cylinder, and a brake pedal with a 6:1 leverage ratio. Calculations were performed to analyze weight distribution, torque requirements, and dynamic weight transfer. The design was validated through testing, which showed the braking system could stop the vehicle within the required 15 feet from speeds up to 70 km/h.
Chassis is the main support structure of the vehicle which is also known as ‘Carrying Unit’. It bears all the stresses on the vehicle in both static and dynamic conditions.”
This document discusses various types of seals used to prevent fluid leakage. It begins by introducing static seals, which provide a barrier between non-moving surfaces, and dynamic seals for moving surfaces. Common static seals include O-rings and gaskets, while dynamic seals include lip seals, mechanical face seals, and labyrinth seals for rotating shafts. The document provides details on seal design, selection criteria, and equations for estimating leakage rates.
The document discusses a simulation of an FMVSS 214 side impact test on a van.
The objectives were to analyze the van's performance, calculate injury metrics like HIC and CSI, compare to FMVSS 214 standards, and explore structural reinforcements.
The initial base run showed high Y-displacement of 772mm and high chest deflection. Reinforcements like added beam members reduced displacement to 600mm. However, injury values like CSI of 318 and pelvic acceleration of 589g still exceeded standards. Further improvements like side airbags and strengthened A/B pillars were proposed.
The document discusses typical Body-in-White (BIW) components and provides an example BIW product mix. A BIW consists of various parts including frames, panels, closures, and modules that are assembled together to form the basic structure of a vehicle without the drivetrain, wheels, steering, or suspension. An example BIW product mix includes different combinations of doors, hoods, liftgates, and other parts that are assembled to complete different vehicle models.
The document discusses two-dimensional finite element analysis. It describes triangular and quadrilateral elements used for 2D problems. The derivation of the stiffness matrix is shown for a three-noded triangular element. Shape functions are presented for triangular and quadrilateral elements. Examples are provided to calculate strains for a triangular element and to determine temperatures at interior points using shape functions.
A multiplate clutch uses multiple clutch plates that alternate between being attached to either the driving shaft or driven shaft. This allows large torques to be transmitted in a compact design. The torque transmitted by a multiplate clutch can be calculated using either a uniform pressure theory or uniform wear theory. Under uniform pressure theory, the torque is proportional to the number of plates and the normal force. Under uniform wear theory, the torque is proportional to the normal force and inversely proportional to the square of the outer plate radius. A multiplate clutch is useful when a large torque needs to be transmitted in a small package, such as in cars, motorcycles, and machine tools.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
The document describes the design and analysis of a composite leaf spring to replace the steel leaf spring on a Mahindra Commander 650 DI light vehicle. Leaf springs are commonly used for vehicle suspension but are heavy. The goal was to design a composite leaf spring using glass fiber reinforced polymer (E-glass/epoxy) that is lighter than the steel spring while maintaining stiffness. The composite leaf spring design was modeled in Pro/ENGINEER and analyzed in ANSYS software. Results showed the composite leaf spring design weighed 85% less than the steel design while meeting the stiffness requirements.
The document discusses different braking systems used in railway vehicles. It begins by explaining that brakes are critical for stopping and controlling the speed of trains by converting their kinetic energy into heat. There are four main types of braking systems: pneumatic, electrodynamic, mechanical, and electromagnetic. Pneumatic braking uses air pressure and includes vacuum and compressed air systems. Electrodynamic braking uses traction motors to brake trains, while mechanical brakes use friction directly on the wheels. Electromagnetic braking is particularly important for high-speed trains where it provides efficient braking through magnets. The document explores these different systems in further detail and concludes that electromagnetic braking is the most efficient method for high-speed trains.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Bumper using Carbon Fibre 395IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on designing and analyzing an automotive bumper using carbon fiber 395 composite material. A 3D CAD model of a passenger bus bumper is created in CATIA V5 software. The carbon fiber 395 material properties are defined in ANSYS since they are not included in the default library. Finite element analysis is performed in ANSYS to simulate impact at 108 kph and determine deformation, stress, and strain. The analysis shows a total deformation of 4.292 mm and maximum stress of 13474 MPa, indicating the bumper design is suitable. Using carbon fiber 395 composite material provides benefits over metal, including reduced weight and increased strength to absorb impact energy.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Passenger Vehicle BumperIRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of passenger vehicle bumpers to improve safety performance. The study models and simulates bumpers in LS-DYNA software to analyze deformation, impact force, stress distribution, and energy absorption using different materials and designs. Results show that modifying the bumper thickness from 3mm to 5mm significantly reduces maximum strain from 50% to 15% and decreases maximum deformation from 476mm to 423mm, improving the bumper's ability to absorb impact energy.
Vibration analysis of Drivelines using MBD and the ability of the solvers is showcased in this ppt.
Consideration of 1D, 2D and 3D MBD models for drivelines and performing order analysis for the same.
Result shows the MBD capability of driveline simulations.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Chandan Kumar, a student of mechanical engineering at S S College of Engineering, Udaipur. It describes his summer training completed from June 1st to July 15th, 2015 at the Rajasthan Roadways depot workshop in Udaipur. The report includes an acknowledgements section, abstract, table of contents, and 7 chapters covering different mechanical systems of buses such as tires, diesel systems, transmissions, clutches, and brakes. It provides details of the student's training and experience working on maintenance and repairs of Rajasthan Roadways buses.
The document discusses the design and analysis of disc brakes. It begins by introducing disc brakes and their components, which typically include cast iron or ceramic materials. It then discusses the braking requirements, principles of operation, and working of disc brakes. The document lists the main components of disc brakes and provides examples of applications. It notes the advantages of disc brakes, such as good braking at all speeds and lightweight, and disadvantages including higher cost compared to drum brakes. The document then analyzes theories related to disc brake pressure distribution and wear. It provides equations for calculating the coefficient of friction and heat dissipation of disc brakes.
This document evaluates the effectiveness of virtual validation methods like finite element analysis (FEA) for testing automotive seating systems. It discusses the various challenges in seating system design given the need for comfort, safety and health. A variety of physical and analytical validation tests are described, including head restraint performance, seat anchorage strength, and fatigue resistance testing. The document achieves correlations of 87-92% between physical test and FEA simulation results, demonstrating the effectiveness of virtual validation methods for seating system testing.
This document describes a professional course on automotive body-in-white (BIW) design. The course covers fundamental concepts of sheet metal design, forming, and analysis. It teaches BIW design principles including structure design, load path analysis, spot welding, joints, corrosion protection, and more. Students will learn BIW design hands-on by designing panels. The course is taught by automotive experts and includes sessions on OEM organization, forming simulation, physical design cycles, and Indian regulations. The goal is to provide future automotive designers knowledge and skills for a career in core BIW design.
Vehicle Body Engineering Car Body ConstructionRajat Seth
The document discusses the construction of car bodies, describing various sub-assemblies that make up the body shell. These include the underbody assembly, body side assembly, shroud and dash panel assembly, roof and back window panels, center pillar, rear bulkhead, front end work, front wings, door panel assembly, bonnet assembly and more. Each sub-assembly is constructed separately then welded together to form the complete car body shell structure.
1. Vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death globally, killing over 1 million people per year. Safety standards and vehicle design improvements like seatbelts and airbags have significantly reduced road deaths and injuries over time.
2. The document discusses fundamentals of vehicle crash testing, including different types of crash tests conducted at a Vehicle Research Center to evaluate vehicle safety features. Crash tests include frontal, side, and offset impacts to evaluate occupant protection during collisions.
3. Crash test dummies are used to simulate humans in crash tests. Data collected from dummies helps researchers evaluate injury risks and improve vehicle design to better protect occupants. A variety of dummies are used representing adults and children.
This document provides information about anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and anti-slip regulation (ASR) for commercial vehicles. It discusses the development and benefits of ABS and ASR, how they work, their components, and additional systems like electronic stability control. The document covers the theoretical basics of ABS and ASR, explaining concepts like brake force coefficient, cornering force coefficient, and brake slip. It also includes diagrams illustrating the slip curves under different road conditions.
Vehicle Body Terminology, Visibility & SpaceRajat Seth
This document discusses key terms related to vehicle body engineering including tailfins, center consoles, fascias, and other exterior and interior body parts. It also covers requirements for automobile body design such as strength, stiffness, adequate interior space, minimizing air drag, weather protection, corrosion resistance, and safety in accidents. Finally, it addresses the importance of visibility and methods to improve frontal, downward, and rearward visibility for drivers through strategic window placement and sizing.
Design,Analysis & Fabrication of suspension of all terrain vehicleZubair Ahmed
This document provides an overview of suspension systems for vehicles, including definitions of key terms. It focuses on designing the suspension system for an all-terrain BAJA vehicle. The document discusses dependent and independent suspension systems. For the BAJA vehicle, an independent suspension was selected. The design process involved selecting components, geometry, and simulation to optimize ride, handling, and other factors. Detailed design of front and rear suspension components is described, including wishbones, uprights, wheel hubs, stub axles, trailing arms, and more. Steering system design is also discussed.
BIW refers to the body shell design of an automotive product without doors, engines or other moving parts. There are two main types of BIW - frame mounted and monocoque. A BIW consists of various structural components like pillars, panels, sills and cross members that are welded together from sheet metal. Effective BIW design considers factors like weight reduction, manufacturing feasibility, safety and aerodynamics to optimize vehicle performance and costs.
Design, Analysis and Manufacturing of Braking system for an Universal Terrain...EditorIJAERD
This document summarizes the design, analysis, and manufacturing of the braking system for a universal terrain vehicle. Key aspects of the braking system designed include hydraulic disc brakes, brake rotors made of SS410 steel, Vespa brake calipers, DOT4 brake fluid, a Maruti M800 tandem master cylinder, and a brake pedal with a 6:1 leverage ratio. Calculations were performed to analyze weight distribution, torque requirements, and dynamic weight transfer. The design was validated through testing, which showed the braking system could stop the vehicle within the required 15 feet from speeds up to 70 km/h.
Chassis is the main support structure of the vehicle which is also known as ‘Carrying Unit’. It bears all the stresses on the vehicle in both static and dynamic conditions.”
This document discusses various types of seals used to prevent fluid leakage. It begins by introducing static seals, which provide a barrier between non-moving surfaces, and dynamic seals for moving surfaces. Common static seals include O-rings and gaskets, while dynamic seals include lip seals, mechanical face seals, and labyrinth seals for rotating shafts. The document provides details on seal design, selection criteria, and equations for estimating leakage rates.
The document discusses a simulation of an FMVSS 214 side impact test on a van.
The objectives were to analyze the van's performance, calculate injury metrics like HIC and CSI, compare to FMVSS 214 standards, and explore structural reinforcements.
The initial base run showed high Y-displacement of 772mm and high chest deflection. Reinforcements like added beam members reduced displacement to 600mm. However, injury values like CSI of 318 and pelvic acceleration of 589g still exceeded standards. Further improvements like side airbags and strengthened A/B pillars were proposed.
The document discusses typical Body-in-White (BIW) components and provides an example BIW product mix. A BIW consists of various parts including frames, panels, closures, and modules that are assembled together to form the basic structure of a vehicle without the drivetrain, wheels, steering, or suspension. An example BIW product mix includes different combinations of doors, hoods, liftgates, and other parts that are assembled to complete different vehicle models.
The document discusses two-dimensional finite element analysis. It describes triangular and quadrilateral elements used for 2D problems. The derivation of the stiffness matrix is shown for a three-noded triangular element. Shape functions are presented for triangular and quadrilateral elements. Examples are provided to calculate strains for a triangular element and to determine temperatures at interior points using shape functions.
A multiplate clutch uses multiple clutch plates that alternate between being attached to either the driving shaft or driven shaft. This allows large torques to be transmitted in a compact design. The torque transmitted by a multiplate clutch can be calculated using either a uniform pressure theory or uniform wear theory. Under uniform pressure theory, the torque is proportional to the number of plates and the normal force. Under uniform wear theory, the torque is proportional to the normal force and inversely proportional to the square of the outer plate radius. A multiplate clutch is useful when a large torque needs to be transmitted in a small package, such as in cars, motorcycles, and machine tools.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF LEAF SPRING BY USING COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR LIGHT VEHI...IAEME Publication
The document describes the design and analysis of a composite leaf spring to replace the steel leaf spring on a Mahindra Commander 650 DI light vehicle. Leaf springs are commonly used for vehicle suspension but are heavy. The goal was to design a composite leaf spring using glass fiber reinforced polymer (E-glass/epoxy) that is lighter than the steel spring while maintaining stiffness. The composite leaf spring design was modeled in Pro/ENGINEER and analyzed in ANSYS software. Results showed the composite leaf spring design weighed 85% less than the steel design while meeting the stiffness requirements.
The document discusses different braking systems used in railway vehicles. It begins by explaining that brakes are critical for stopping and controlling the speed of trains by converting their kinetic energy into heat. There are four main types of braking systems: pneumatic, electrodynamic, mechanical, and electromagnetic. Pneumatic braking uses air pressure and includes vacuum and compressed air systems. Electrodynamic braking uses traction motors to brake trains, while mechanical brakes use friction directly on the wheels. Electromagnetic braking is particularly important for high-speed trains where it provides efficient braking through magnets. The document explores these different systems in further detail and concludes that electromagnetic braking is the most efficient method for high-speed trains.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Bumper using Carbon Fibre 395IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on designing and analyzing an automotive bumper using carbon fiber 395 composite material. A 3D CAD model of a passenger bus bumper is created in CATIA V5 software. The carbon fiber 395 material properties are defined in ANSYS since they are not included in the default library. Finite element analysis is performed in ANSYS to simulate impact at 108 kph and determine deformation, stress, and strain. The analysis shows a total deformation of 4.292 mm and maximum stress of 13474 MPa, indicating the bumper design is suitable. Using carbon fiber 395 composite material provides benefits over metal, including reduced weight and increased strength to absorb impact energy.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Passenger Vehicle BumperIRJET Journal
This document presents a finite element analysis of passenger vehicle bumpers to improve safety performance. The study models and simulates bumpers in LS-DYNA software to analyze deformation, impact force, stress distribution, and energy absorption using different materials and designs. Results show that modifying the bumper thickness from 3mm to 5mm significantly reduces maximum strain from 50% to 15% and decreases maximum deformation from 476mm to 423mm, improving the bumper's ability to absorb impact energy.
Impact Analysis and Material Optimization of a Front Bumper in a Heavy VehicleIRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis and material optimization of a front bumper for a heavy vehicle. It begins with an introduction to bumpers and their purpose in automobiles. It then reviews literature on bumper design and materials. The document describes the modeling of different bumper designs in CREO software, including a steel bumper, composite bumper, and honeycomb-hybrid bumper. A finite element analysis is performed on the different designs in ANSYS to analyze deformation and weight. The results show that the composite bumper has a 25.5% reduction in deformation compared to steel, and the honeycomb-hybrid bumper has the lowest weight. The conclusion is that analyzing bumpers can help increase safety by evaluating different materials and
IRJET-A New Approach of using Foundry Sand for Enhancing Concrete Mechanical...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the analysis and material optimization of a front bumper for a heavy vehicle. It begins with an introduction to bumpers and their purpose in automobiles. It then reviews literature on bumper design and materials. The document describes the modeling of different bumper designs in CREO software, including a steel bumper, composite bumper, and honeycomb-hybrid bumper. A finite element analysis is performed on the different designs in ANSYS to analyze deformation and weight. The results show that the composite bumper has a 25.5% reduction in deformation compared to steel, and the honeycomb-hybrid bumper has the lowest weight. The conclusion is that analyzing bumpers can help increase safety by evaluating different materials and
IMPACT ANALYSIS OF TOYOTA LAND CRUISER CAR BUMPER USING ANSYS AUTODYN 3DAM Publications
The present work deals with the geometrical development of the existing metallic car bumper then the same is analyzed for frontal impact analysis then the alternate material with composite combination will be developed in the CAD software then these alternative models of the bumper will be analyzed for frontal impact analysis then the best suitable bumper with composite combinations will proposed for the bumper which can reduce impact effect. By considering few important parameters including material, thickness, and impact condition will be studied for design and analysis of an automotive front bumper to improve the crashworthiness design in low-velocity impact. Modelling to determine the maximum deformation, von mises stress and energy-absorption behavior. The mentioned characteristics are compared to each other to find best choice of material, shape and thickness. An FE modelling of the bumper with the specific load and boundary conditions are analyzed using ANSYS AUTODYN 3D explicit nonlinear tool.
The document discusses the design and analysis of a car bumper using springs. It begins with an introduction describing the importance of bumpers in ensuring passenger safety during crashes. It then discusses previous research on bumper design using different materials. The proposed design involves using springs between the bumper and chassis to absorb impact forces rather than directly connecting the bumper to the chassis. The bumper is modeled and analyzed in CATIA and ANSYS using materials like carbon fiber composite, glass mat thermoplastic, and aluminum B390. Static and modal analyses are performed at different speeds and the results like stresses, displacements, and frequencies are compared for the bumper with and without springs. The analyses show that the proposed bumper with springs experiences
IRJET- Vibro Acoustic Analysis of Laminated Composite Plate Roof of Car BodyIRJET Journal
This document discusses a vibro-acoustic analysis of a laminated composite plate roof for a car body. A 3D model of a Maruti Swift car is created using CATIA. An acoustic modal analysis is performed to find the resonance frequencies, which are validated against theoretical calculations. Different materials are considered for the car roof to improve acoustic performance and reduce low frequency resonance amplitudes. The analysis is conducted in ANSYS to study how sound pressure levels inside the vehicle are affected by the roof material and shape. Results show the first resonance mode occurs at 79.864Hz in the X-direction, with maximum sound pressure at the rear of the car air cavity.
An Overview of Design Optimization of Impact Attenuator for Racing CarIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses the design optimization of impact attenuators for racing cars. Impact attenuators are devices used to protect vehicles and drivers during collisions by absorbing kinetic energy.
2. Several studies are summarized that analyze impact attenuators made of materials like aluminum sandwich composites, foam composites, and aluminum honeycomb designs. Finite element analysis using LS-DYNA software showed good agreement with experimental impact tests.
3. The studies concluded that the designed impact attenuators were able to meet safety regulations of less than 40g average deceleration and 20g peak deceleration, and provided adequate energy absorption to protect vehicles and drivers during high speed impacts.
Impact Analysis on Composite Helmet by using FRC and Glass Fiber by using Ansys.IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the impact performance of composite helmets made with fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) and glass fiber, compared to conventional thermoplastic helmets. A composite helmet shell was fabricated using unsaturated polyester matrix with FRC and glass fibers layered using hand layup. The helmet was modeled and meshed in ANSYS for impact simulation. Results showed the composite helmet had higher strength and absorbed more impact energy compared to the conventional thermoplastic helmet. Experimental impact testing of the fabricated composite helmet showed it could withstand over 68.57 kN of impact load and absorb 1397.913 kJ of energy, indicating fiber composites are a viable material for improved helmet performance.
IRJET- Design and Experimental Analysis on Car Bumper with Composite MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document describes research into designing and experimentally analyzing a car bumper made of composite materials. The objective was to minimize cost and increase strength compared to traditional metal bumpers. Carbon fiber and jute fiber were chosen as composite materials for the bumper design. SolidWorks and Ansys software were used to model and simulate the bumper. Tensile strength and impact tests were performed on bumper samples made of the composite materials, alloy steel, and alloy aluminum. The results showed that the composite material bumper had the lowest deformation and equivalent stress under an applied load, indicating it provided strength and impact absorption at a lower cost than the metal alternatives.
REVIEW OF OPTIMIZE AND DESIGN OF GEARBOX WITH MINIMUM WEIGHTIRJET Journal
The document reviews optimization and design of gearboxes with minimum weight. It discusses several past research papers on modeling, analyzing, and optimizing gearbox components like casings and foot casings using techniques like finite element analysis and topology optimization. The goal is often to reduce weight and material usage while ensuring adequate strength, natural frequencies that avoid resonance, and other performance requirements. Topics covered include static, modal, and vibration analysis of gearbox parts, comparing simulation and experimental results, and using multi-step optimization approaches to improve durability and reduce development time and costs.
This document summarizes research on analyzing the dynamic performance of bumper beams through finite element analysis. It begins with an introduction to the importance of bumper beams in absorbing impact energy during collisions. The researchers then describe their CAD model and analysis of a Toyota Innova bumper beam made of aluminum, magnesium, and carbon fiber both with and without an epoxy resin coating. Their results found that the magnesium bumper beam experienced the lowest stress levels, and that adding an epoxy resin coating further reduced stress and deformation for both the magnesium and steel models. They conclude that a magnesium bumper beam with epoxy resin coating provides the most satisfactory performance for absorbing impact energy during collisions.
Modeling and Analysis of Automobile Chassis using Composite MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses modeling and analysis of an automobile chassis using composite materials. It begins by introducing the modeling of a chassis in Pro-E software and importing it into ANSYS for structural and modal analysis. Various materials are considered for the chassis, including steel, carbon epoxy, and e-glass epoxy composites. The stresses and deflections of the chassis are calculated for each material. Results show that carbon epoxy and e-glass epoxy have lower stresses than steel. Composite materials also reduce the weight of the chassis significantly compared to steel. Additional analyses are conducted using different layer configurations and with/without damping material. The conclusions determine that composite materials provide safer and lighter chassis designs compared to steel.
DESIGN ANDDEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC BUMPERIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and development of an automatic pneumatic bumper system using finite element analysis simulation. It aims to improve vehicle safety by creating a bumper that can adapt its stiffness and damping based on impact force. The researchers created 3D models of the bumper, applied meshing and boundary conditions, and ran FEA simulations to analyze stress distribution, deformation and energy absorption. The results showed maximum deformation of 1.17mm and von-Mises stress of 169MPa, closely matching experimental data. They concluded the automatic pneumatic bumper design optimized strength and crashworthiness performance.
Optimization and Comparison of Mono Leaf Spring using Different MaterialsIRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study of mono leaf springs made from different materials, including steel, E-glass, Kevlar, and carbon fiber. Solidworks software was used to create solid models of the leaf springs and perform finite element analysis. The analysis found that Kevlar had the highest stress level but lowest displacement, while E-glass and carbon fiber had higher displacement but lower stress than steel. E-glass, Kevlar, and carbon fiber also exhibited lower strain and natural frequency than steel. However, the alternative materials provided significant weight reductions compared to steel, ranging from 74-82%. Overall, the study aimed to determine the most suitable material for mono leaf springs by comparing their mechanical behaviors under the same loading conditions
IRJET- CFD Analysis of Spare Wheel Runner for using easy Car ParkingIRJET Journal
The document discusses a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of a spare wheel design that can rotate 360 degrees to aid in parking vehicles. It aims to address the challenge of limited parking space availability. The study models a spare wheel mechanism located under the vehicle that can move the car through rotation. Materials like iron steel, hard rubber, and alloy steel are considered. A prototype is modeled in Pro-E software and analyzed for structural validation using ANSYS. Results indicate the design has potential to make tight parking spaces and 360-degree maneuvers easier.
IRJET- Stress Analysis of Connecting Rod of 4 Stroke Petrol Engine by usi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study that performed finite element analysis on the connecting rod of a 4-stroke petrol engine to determine stresses, strains, and safety factors when using two different materials - AISI 1070 steel and AISI 4337 steel. The connecting rod model was created in SolidWorks and analyzed in ANSYS Workbench. The analysis results showed the design was safe under the given loading conditions and can help minimize future maintenance needs. The study aims to identify failure-prone areas and optimize the connecting rod design.
IRJET-Design Analysis & Optimization of two Wheeler HandlebarIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the design analysis and optimization of motorcycle handlebars. The study aims to reduce vibrations transmitted to riders from the road and engine. Modal and structural analysis is performed on handlebar models created in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to determine natural frequencies, mode shapes, stresses, and deformations. Experimental testing will also be done and compared to finite element analysis results. The goal is to develop a vibration reduction method using simulation to reduce testing time and costs.
IRJET- Finite Element Analysis of Fuel Tank Mounting BracketIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a finite element analysis of a fuel tank mounting bracket for commercial vehicles. The goal is to optimize the design to reduce costs.
2) A baseline model of the bracket was created using Pro-E software and analyzed using Hypermesh and Optistruct. The maximum displacement was 2.7mm and stress was 20MPa.
3) A modified design with stiffeners was also analyzed. This design showed maximum displacement of 2.74mm and stress of 19.5MPa, with a 26% reduction in weight while maintaining sufficient strength over the baseline design.
This document describes the design and analysis of a mono composite leaf spring with varying thicknesses using finite element analysis (FEA). The objective is to reduce the weight of conventional steel leaf springs by replacing them with composite leaf springs made of glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) material. A 3D model of the leaf spring is created in ANSYS and meshed. Static structural analysis is performed by applying a fixed support at one end and a cylindrical support and load at the other end. Results of the FEA show that as thickness increases from 28mm to 32mm, deflection decreases from 15.23mm to 13.12mm. Stress is also observed to decrease with increased thickness. The analysis demonstrates the potential to reduce weight
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.