This document discusses reverse osmosis desalination and forward osmosis processes. It provides details on the stages of industrial reverse osmosis desalination, including filtering intake water through screens and filters, pressurizing it to 900 psi, producing fresh water and concentrated brine, and treating the brine with thermolytic and forward osmosis methods using ammonia and carbon dioxide. The document cites several sources for further information on desalination technologies and applications.

1. Oleh :
Abu Hafshoh

2. Bagan sederhana(01)

3. Keterangan bagan(01)
 Kisaran pH adjustment 6 – 11 .
 Tekanan (high pressure pump) = 900 psi.
 Setelah masuk feed dihasilkan air normal (kadar
garam = 500 mg/L) dan air garam pekat ‘brine’ (kadar
garam = 35000 mg/L)

4. Gambaran lengkap bagan

5. Tahapan secara industri
 Disaring dengan ukuran ¼ inchi, dari pasir dll.
 melewati particle settlement, sand filter, dan
melewati diatomaceous Earth filters.
 Di Reverse Osmosiskan kemudian di’Thermolityc’ kan
dengan campuran gas CO2-NH3 sambil dipanaskan
pada suhu 590 C.

6. Thermolytic Draw Solution:
NH3/CO2
NH3(g) CO2(g)
NH3(g) CO2(g)
NH4HCO3(aq)
(NH4)2CO3(aq)
NH4COONH2(aq)
HEAT

7. Utilize Waste Heat as the Main
Energy Source for Desalination
Forward Osmosis

9. SUMBER :
•"Desalination" (definition), The American Heritage
Science Dictionary, Houghton Mifflin Company, via
dictionary.com. Retrieved on 2007-08-19.
•"Australia Aids China In Water Management Project."
People's Daily Online, 2001-08-03, via
english.people.com.cn. Retrieved on 2007-08-19.
•Fischetti, Mark (September 2007). "Fresh from the
Sea". Scientific American 297 (3): 118–119.
doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0907-118.
PMID 17784633.
•Lisa Henthorne (June 2012). "The Current State of
Desalination". International Desalination Association.
Retrieved 2012.
•Opportunities aplenty | H2O Middle East. H2ome.net
(2012-02-06). Retrieved on 2012-05-14.
•"Dubai opens UAE’s largest desalination plant". April
2013. Retrieved 2013-07-07.
•[1], Julia Pyper, EENews, Israel is creating a water
surplus using desalination
•Fritzmann, C; Lowenberg, J; Wintgens, T; Melin, T
(2007). "State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis
desalination". Desalination 216: 1–76.
doi:10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009.
•"Energy Efficient Reverse Osmosis Desalination
Process", p343 Table 1, International Journal of
Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 3, No. 4,
August 2012