The document discusses potential solutions for redefining the international standard kilogram given that the current definition based on a physical artifact has limitations. It proposes three options: 1) Using a highly purified silicon sphere with an exact number of silicon atoms to define 1 kg, 2) Using a relative standard that depends on the measurement device used by each country, like a Kibble balance, 3) Returning to using a crystal of water (ice) at a specific pressure and density to define 1 kg, as water crystals may be more stable than metals. The kilogram will soon be redefined in terms of the Planck constant instead of a physical artifact for greater accuracy and reproducibility of measurements worldwide.

1. Solusi 1 kg Standar
Internasional
RIZAL PAHLEVI

2. • During ceremonial weigh-ins that take place every
few decades, when reference copies of the
International Prototype Kilogram are flown in from
around the world and compared to their
distinguished forebear, the IPK has been found to
have lost around 50 micrograms in mass, roughly
equal to a single eyelash. Of course, because the
IPK is the definition of the kilogram, it can’t
technically lose or gain weight. Instead, it’s more
accurate to say that the rest of the world has been
getting slightly heavier.

3. Solusi ?
•
•
Poin 1 :
Dibuatnya bola silikon dengan kemurnian yang
sangat tinggi dengan biaya yang sangat mahal.
.. yang berfungsi sebagai standar 1 kg baru....
dengan konsep bilangan avogadro...sehingga
bisa menentukan secara akurat jumlah atom
silikon per 1 kg silikon

4. •
•
poin 2 :
Dibuatnya standar 1 kg secara relatif
(maksudnya bisa dibuat standarnya
tergantung negara mana yang mempunyai dan
memakai alat penentu standar)...dengan
menggunakan kibble balance atau watt
balance

5. •
•
•
poin 3 :
Sejarahnya standar 1 kg awalnya berdasarkan
kristal es (air) pada kondisi tertentu dengan massa
1 kg per meter kubik...zaman Antoine Lavoisier...
Karena sy sempat membaca bahwa ternyata
kristal air jika pada kondisi tertentu (dengan
tekanan tertentu dsb.) bisa sangat stabil bahkan
melebihi kestabilan logam....justru ini solusinya
yaitu kembali ke standar 1 kg berdasarkan standar
1 kg kristal air (es) karena bisa lebih stabil dari
logam.

6. •
•
•
**On May 20, 2019, Le Grand K will lose its special
status**, and the mass of a kilogram will be defined by a
fundamental constant of nature known as the
Planck constant....
In preparation for the kilogram’s update, several teams
of scientists carefully measured the Planck constant,
quantifying it to an accuracy of around 10 parts per
billion. After May 20, the value of the Planck constant
will be fixed at exactly 6.62607015 × 10−34 kilograms
times meters squared per second...
As a result, Le Grand K will no longer be a perfect
kilogram — its mass will have a fudge factor of plus or
minus 10 micrograms.

7. •
•
Only a select few people have access to Le
Grand K, and instead countries rely on
imperfect copies of the official kilogram. Soon,
however, anyone with the right expertise will
be able to use the fixed value of the
Planck constant to measure mass, using a
device known as a Kibble balance.
Ini ujungnya jualan alat standar .

8. •
•
Ini bukti ujungnya penjualan alat standar yg
dinamakan watt/kibble blance :
In the future, the manufacturing industry won’t
need to send their weights and scales to NIST
for calibration. They could have a Kibble
balance on their factory floor. In that light, the
new definition is more democratic — one
that’s free to be used throughout all the world
and not kept locked up in a case in France.

9. • Ini sebenarnya
mereka sendiri
memberi kunci
secara tersembunyi
untuk kembali ke
standar 1 kg dengan
menggunakan
kristal air...

10. Poin ke 3 ini sebenarnya bisa
menjadi titik tolak agar kita bisa "
menjual" sesuatu...
•
•
•
•
•
poin 3 :
Ini sebenarnya pendapat sy saja...
Sejarahnya standar 1 kg awalnya berdasarkan kristal es (air) pada kondisi
tertentu dengan massa 1 kg per meter kubik...zaman Antoine Lavoisier...
Karena sy sempat membaca bahwa ternyata kristal air jika pada kondisi
tertentu (dengan tekanan tertentu dsb.) bisa sangat stabil bahkan melebihi
kestabilan logam....justru ini solusinya yaitu kembali ke standar 1 kg
berdasarkan standar 1 kg kristal air (es) karena bisa lebih stabil dari logam.
Bagaimana menurut Anda?...

11. •
•
•
Ini bukti kristal air stabil :
METALLIC ICE?
Previous static calculations have suggested a
transition to a metallic ice phase at pressure
less than p = 2 TPa. We find more stable
phases in this pressure regime, and they are
far from metallic even though the bands are
quite wide (about 50–55 eV).

12. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jan 17; 109(3): 745-750.
Published online 2011 Dec 29.doi: [10.1073/pnas.1118694109]
PMCID: PMC3271906
PMID: 22207625
Physics
Andreas Hermann,a N. W. Ashcroft,b,1 andRoald Hoffmanna,1
aDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853; and
bLaboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14853
1To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: ude.
llenroc@43hr orude.llenroc.rmcc@awn.

13. •
•
•
Tetapan plank
tidak tergantung
jenis materi yg
diukur...
Tapi tergantung
jumlah energi yg
digunakan kibble
balance ketika
menimbang materi
Karena itu tiap
materi dapat
dijadikan standar
massa 1kg asalkan
stabilitasnya tinggi.