Bagi water-universal-book

2
Kata Pengantar
"Dan Kami jadikan dari air segala sesuatu yang hidup, apakah mereka beriman? “
(Qs Al Anbiya ‘ : 30 )
Pertama kali yang perlu anda perhatikan adalah firman Allah swt :
‫َّام‬‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ة‬َّ‫ت‬ِ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ض‬ ْ‫ر‬َ‫أل‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬ َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ِي‬‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ُو‬‫ه‬ َ‫و‬‫ا‬‫ل‬َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ْ‫ح‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ش‬ ْ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬
“Dan Dia-lah yang menciptakan langit dan bumi dalam enam masa, dan adalah arsy-Nya (sebelum itu)
di atas air, agar Dia menguji siapakah di antara kamu yang lebih baik amalnya“ (Qs. Hud : 7)
Ayat di atas menjelaskan kepada kita bahwa keberadaan air jauh lebih dulu dari pada keberadaan langit
dan bumi. Jadi air lebih tua umurnya dibanding langit dan bumi.
Hal ini dikuatkan oleh sabda Rasulullah saw :
‫ء‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ش‬ ْ‫ن‬ُ‫ك‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ َ‫و‬ ُ َّ‫َّللا‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ض‬ ْ‫ر‬َ ْ‫األ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ء‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ش‬ َّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ ِ‫ر‬ْ‫ك‬ِ‫الذ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫َب‬‫ت‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ش‬ ْ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬
"Dialah Allah yang- pada waktu itu - tidak ada sesuatupun selain Dia, sedangkan 'arsy-Nya di atas air,
lalu Dia menulis di dalam adz-Dzikir segala sesuatu (yang akan terjadi,) lalu Dia menciptakan langit
dan bumi". (HR. Bukhari, no : 2953)
Dikuatkan juga dengan hadist Abdullah bin Amru ra, bahwasanya Rasulullah saw bersabda :
َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫س‬‫ال‬ َ‫ق‬ُ‫ل‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫ي‬ ْ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ق‬ ِ‫ق‬ِ‫ئ‬ َ‫َل‬‫خ‬ْ‫ال‬ َ‫ِير‬‫د‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬َ‫م‬ ُ َّ‫َّللا‬ َ‫َب‬‫ت‬َ‫ك‬ِ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ش‬ ْ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫ق‬ ‫َة‬‫ن‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ف‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ِين‬‫س‬ْ‫م‬َ‫خ‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ض‬ ْ‫ر‬َ ْ‫األ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬‫ا‬

3
"Allah telah menentukan takdir bagi semua makhluk lima puluh tahun sebelum Allah menciptakan
langit dan bumi. Rasulullah menambahkan: 'Dan arsy Allah itu berada di atas air." (HR. Muslim, no :
4797)
Syekh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahab berkata : “Kata : ِ‫اء‬َ‫م‬ْ‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ش‬ ْ‫ر‬َ‫ع‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫ك‬ َ‫و‬memberikan isyarat bahwa
air dan arsy, keduanya adalah makhluq pemula dari alam ini, karena keduanya diciptakan sebelum
langit dan bumi, dan pada waktu itu tidak ada di bawah arsy kecuali air. (Ushul Iman, hlm : 85)
|Dr. Ahmad Zain An Najah, MA|
Tentunya kita pernah melihat film fiksi berikut :
...Flint menciptakan sebuah mesin yang mengubah air menjadi makanan , yang disebut "Flint
Lockwood Diatonic Super Mutating Dynamic Food Replicator" (singkatan dari FLDSMDFR). Flint
ternyata pada FLDSMDFR di laboratorium , tetapi akhirnya menyebabkan arus pendek yang berasal
dari rumah. Dia memutuskan untuk menyalakan mesin dengan ke menara sutet di dekatnya dan
menghubungkan ke sumber tenaga untuk menghidupkan mesin . Ketika ia mengetahui ternyata mesin
itu berakhir terbang meroket melalui kota, menghancurkan Sardine Land yang baru dibuka , dan
meluncur ke stratosfer.
...
| "Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Diakses tanggal December
20, 2010.|
_bagaimana jika fiksi ini sebenarnya nyata bahwa hakikatnya semua atom adalah air?_
_Benarkah fakta bahwa penampakan atom berbentuk seperti planet?_

4
Berawal dari hipotesis de Broglie yang dibuktikan oleh eksperimen Davisson-Germer (masing-masing
peraih Nobel) sehingga timbul konsep _uncertainty principle_, penulis mendapat ilham yang sangat
kuat bahwa ini merupakan peluang besar Indonesia untuk bersaing merebut Nobel Fisika selanjutnya.
Semoga dengan hadirnya buku ini memberi peluang Indonesia untuk menjadi Negara yang memiliki
landasan sains dan teknologi sendiri dan tidak hanya menjadi pengekor teknologi Negara lain.Dari sini
merupakan langkah awal revolusi sains.in syaa Allah.
Mengapa perlu adanya revolusi sains di bidang Fisika atom ini ?
Democritus memperkenalkan hipotesis berhala atau gambaran semacam pancaran dari object
eksternal, yang mana memberi kesan mengharukan pikiran sehat kita. *Dalam pandangan demokritus
(para filsuf) alam dan seluruh isinya tercipta dari partikel-partikel atomik ini. Demikian juga, partikel-
partikel ini bergerak secara otomatis, dari gerakan otomatis inilah semesta tercipta. Bahkan mereka
menganggap partikel-partikel ini azali dan kekal. Akhirnya bermuara pada penafian Tuhan* dalam
penciptaan ini.
Karena teori bentuk atom seperti planet mengarah pada atheisme yang sangat dibenci Allah subhanahu
wata’ala.
Revolusi tentunya diperlukan untuk menggebrak suatu yang salah agar menjadikan suatu kebenaran
bangkit dan diketahui oleh masyarakat yang rata-rata pengekor terutama dalam bidang sains dan
teknologi tanpa mau berpikir kritis atau berinovasi.Padahal ini adalah peluang besar di era revolusi
industri 4.0 untuk bisa bersaing dengan Bangsa-bangsa lain dengan penuh percaya diri tanpa takut
ditertawakan atau dicela.
Dialektika yang muncul dalam literatur filsafat Barat mengenai sains menjadi pembahasan yang
penting. Mengingat benturan antar teori dan pemikiran sains dari para ilmuan terus bergulir sejak
masarenaisance hingga postmodern. Setelah sains bersatu dengan tekhnologi pada pertengahan abad

5
ke-19, ia menjadi kekuatan penting dan sentral dalam perubahan sosial dan budaya bagi masyarakat.
Karena daya tarik sains dan tekhnologi yang begitu tersebar luas ke dalam pikiran manusia. Sehingga
pengaruhnya telah mewarnai seluruh masyarakat dunia dari Timur hingga Barat. Efek yang dominan
ini dipengaruhi kuat oleh model epistemologi yang berkembang terutama rasionalisme dan
empirisisme.
Kecenderungan masyarakat ilmuan untuk menikmati sains yang dirumuskan bersama dengan
paradigmanya, membuat rasa ingin tahu yang mendalam oleh sebagian ilmuan lainnya, seperti yang
dialami Thomas Kuhn. Ia melihat adanya ketidakpedulian terhadap sesuatu yang ada dibalik sains itu.
Di satu pihak masyarakat hanya menikmati sains dalam skala praktis, di pihak lain para ilmuan
menerapkan penelitian dan eksperimennya dengan kadar persepsinya terhadap alam yang menurutnya
sudah tepat. Kedua sikap tersebut menuntunnya untuk melakukan sebuah upaya mengungkapkan
bahwa sains berkembang tidak bisa lepas dari paradigm para ilmuan. Maka Kuhn ingin mencetuskan
apa yang ia sebut sebagai revolusi sains (science revolution). Dalam tulisan ini kita akan melihat
bagaimana *revolusi sains yang dimaksudkannya dan problem yang mengitari fenomena sains saat
ini*.
|Thomas Kuhn, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1962.|
Indonesia, 13 Syawal 1439
Rizal Pahlevi

6
Daftar Isi
Kata Pengantar
Daftar Isi
Sekapur Sirih
Sejarah Atom
Penggambaran Bentuk Atom dari mulai Seperti Roti Kismis
Penemuan bagian-bagian Atom
Mekanisme Atom
Konsep Heisenberg’s
De Broglie wavelength
Eksperimen yang mendukung
Large Hadron Collider
Fermion
Boson
Graviton ?
LIGO

7
HTE
Konsep Water Universal
Bentuk fraktal Atom
Phonon
Gerak Brown
Konsep Gelombang Elektron
Konsep lautan Elektron
Citra hasil LHC
Kalor Laten
Kuantum Komputer
Proton Adalah Kristal Air Berukuran Nano
Teknologi transmisi data RADAR menunjukkan komsep gelombang layaknya mekanisme gelombang
air
Helmholtz equation
Poisson Equation
Konsep Gelombang Maxwell

9
Sekapur Sirih
Berawal dari teori asal usul atom/bagian terkecil yang tak dapat dipecah lagi, kemudian berlanjut
dengan penemuan bagian-bagian atom seperti elektron dan Nukleon, kemudian berlanjut ke teori
ketidakpastian posisi elektron hingga sekarang bagian-bagian lain juga diklaim telah ditemukan
dengan alat Large Hadron Collider.
Sebenarnya bentuk atom ini masih misteri hingga sekarang, jangankan teori bentuk atom, bentuk
struktur kekule yang menggambarkan secara teoritis glukosa saja masih terjadi perubahan dari bentuk
hexagonal menjadi bentuk chair.
In its fleeting open-chain form, the glucose molecule has an open (as opposed to cyclic) and
unbranched backbone of six carbon atoms, C-1 through C-6; where C-1 is part of an aldehyde group
H(C=O)-, and each of the other five carbons bears one hydroxyl group -OH.
The internal angles of a flat regular hexagon are 120°, while the preferred angle between successive
bonds in a carbon chain is about 109.5°, the tetrahedral angle. Therefore, the cyclohexane ring tends
to assume certain non-planar (warped) conformations, which have all angles closer to 109.5° and
therefore a lower strain energy than the flat hexagonal shape. The most important shapes are called
chair, half-chair, boat, and twist-boat. The molecule can easily switch between these conformations,
and only two of them—chair and twist-boat—can be isolated in pure form.
| Nelson, Donna J.; Brammer, Christopher N. (2011). "Toward Consistent Terminology for
Cyclohexane Conformers in Introductory Organic Chemistry". J. Chem. Educ. 88 (3): 292–294.
Bibcode:2011JChEd..88..292N. doi:10.1021/ed100172k. |

10
Dengan demikian, masih terjadi kemungkinan lahirnya teori lain yang merevisi teori bentuk dan
mekanisme atom di masa yang akan datang.Di zaman ini teori mekanisme atom yang sedang naik daun
adalah mekanika kuantum.
In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle)
is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with
which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, known as complementary variables, such as
position x and momentum p, can be known.
|Sen, D. (2014). "The Uncertainty relations in quantum mechanics" (PDF). Current Science. 107 (2):
203–218.|
Historically, the uncertainty principle has been confused with a somewhat similar effect in physics,
called the observer effect, which notes that measurements of certain systems cannot be made without
affecting the systems, that is, without changing something in a system. Heisenberg utilized such an
observer effect at the quantum level (see below) as a physical "explanation" of quantum uncertainty.
It has since become clearer, however, that the uncertainty principle is inherent in the properties of all
wave-like systems, and that it arises in quantum mechanics simply due to the matter wave nature of all
quantum objects. Thus, the uncertainty principle actually states a fundamental property of quantum
systems, and is not a statement about the observational success of current technology.
|Rozema, L. A.; Darabi, A.; Mahler, D. H.; Hayat, A.; Soudagar, Y.; Steinberg, A. M. (2012).
"Violation of Heisenberg's Measurement–Disturbance Relationship by Weak Measurements".
Physical Review Letters. 109 (10): 100404. arXiv:1208.0034v2  . Bibcode:2012PhRvL.109j0404R.
doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.100404. PMID 23005268.|

11
Dengan konsep sebagian mekanika kuantum maka dapat pahami bahwa mekanisme atom adalah
mekanisme kristal dan gelombang air dikarenakan dalam waktu yang bersamaan terdapat 2 gelombang
yang terdeteksi bersamaan yang disimbolkan 1/0 (qubit).
Berawal dari hipotesis de Broglie yang dibuktikan oleh eksperimen Davisson-Germer (masing-masing
peraih Nobel) sehingga timbul konsep _uncertainty principle_, penulis mendapat ilham yang sangat
kuat bahwa ini merupakan peluang besar Indonesia untuk bersaing merebut Nobel Fisika selanjutnya.

12
“Berawal dari hipotesis de Broglie yang
dibuktikan oleh eksperimen Davisson-
Germer (masing-masing peraih Nobel)
sehingga timbul konsep _uncertainty
principle_, penulis mendapat ilham
yang sangat kuat bahwa ini merupakan
peluang besar Indonesia untuk

13
bersaing merebut Nobel Fisika
selanjutnya.”

14
SEJARAH ATOM
Penggambaran Bentuk Atom dari mulai Seperti
Roti Kismis
Semenjak dibangku sekolah kita sering mendengar model atom berbentuk roti kismis yang merupakan
buah pemikiran dari Thomson.
The idea that matter is made up of discrete units is a very old idea, appearing in many ancient cultures
such as Greece and India. The word "atom" was coined by the ancient Greek philosophers Leucippus
and his pupil Democritus. However, these ideas were founded in philosophical and theological
reasoning rather than evidence and experimentation. As a result, their views on what atoms look like
and how they behave were incorrect. They also could not convince everybody, so atomism was but one
of a number of competing theories on the nature of matter. It was not until the 19th century that the
idea was embraced and refined by scientists, when the blossoming science of chemistry produced
discoveries that only the concept of atoms could explain.

15
|Pullman, Bernard (1998). The Atom in the History of Human Thought. Oxford, England: Oxford
University Press. pp. 31–33. ISBN 0-19-515040-6.|
The plum pudding model is one of several scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J. J.
Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic
nucleus, the model represented an attempt to consolidate the known properties of atoms at the time:
1) electrons are negatively-charged particles and
2) atoms are neutrally-charged.
|"Plum Pudding Model - Universe Today". Universe Today. 27 August 2009. Retrieved 19 December
2015.|
Seluruh teori atom bahkan hingga era kuantum sekarang baru merupakan asumsi filsafat yang awalnya
dimulai oleh seorang Democritus dan tidak terbukti kebenarannya secara keseluruhan.

16
Alpha particles from a radioactive source were allowed to strike a thin gold foil. Alpha particles
produce a tiny, but visible flash of light when they strike a fluorescent screen. Surprisingly, alpha
particles were found at large deflection angles and some were even found to be back-scattered.
This experiment showed that the positive matter in atoms was concentrated in an incredibly small
volume and gave birth to the idea of the nuclear atom. In so doing, it represented one of the great
turning points in our understanding of nature.
If the gold foil were 1 micrometer thick, then using the diameter of the gold atom from the periodic
table suggests that the foil is about 2800 atoms thick.
|hyperphysics.edu |
Seperti yang kita ketahui bahwa dalam kehidupan manusia tidak terlepas dari yang namanya materi
bahkan diri kita senidiri merupakan materi. Jika suatu materi dipotong dan terus dipotong maka
diperoleh bagian terkecil yang tidak dapat dibagi-bagi lagi. Dari pengamatan tersebut lahirlah istilah
atom.

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Istilah atom berasal dari bahasa yunani, atomos, yang berarti tidak dapat dipotong atau sesuatu yang
tidak dapat dibagi lagi. Konsep atom sebagai komponen yang tak dapat dibagi lagi diajukan oleh para
filsuf India dan Yunani dan pertama kali dikenalkan oleh Demokritus. Namun pandangan ini mendapat
tantangan dari beberapa ilmuwan karena tidak didukung oleh eksperimen-eksperimen yang
meyakinkan dan berbeda dengan pandangan klasik yang mengatakan materi yang ada di bumi dibentuk
atas empat unsur yaitu tanah, air, api dan udara.
Pandangan mengenai atom sempat memudar selama berabad-abat hingga pada abad ke-17 keberadaan
atom kembali dimunculkan di Eropa yang *didukung oleh Isaac Newton.* Isaac Newton adalah
fisikawan Inggris dan merupakan ilmuwan yang sangat berpengaruh sepanjang sejarah sains, bahkan
dikatakan sebagai bapak ilmu fisika klasik. Istilah atom kembali lahir ketika para ilmuwan mengalami
kendala ketika menjelaskan sifat-sifat dari gas. Misalnya angin walaupun tidak terlihat tapi kita dapat
merasakannya. Pada abad ke-18 keberadaan atom makin diperkuat ketika Lavoisier dan Prouts berhasil
menetapkan hukum kekekalan massa dan hukum perbandingan tetap.
|https://wanibesak.wordpress.com/tag/teori-atom-j-j-thomson/|
Penemuan Democritus memperkenalkan hipotesis berhala atau gambaran semacam
pancaran dari object eksternal, yang mana memberi kesan mengharukan pikiran sehat
kita. *Dalam pandangan demokritus (para filsuf) alam dan seluruh isinya tercipta dari
partikel-partikel atomik ini. Demikian juga, partikel-partikel ini bergerak secara
otomatis, dari gerakan otomatis inilah semesta tercipta. Bahkan mereka menganggap
partikel-partikel ini azali dan kekal. Akhirnya bermuara pada penafian Tuhan* dalam
penciptaan ini dan menumbuh-suburkan benih–benih hylotheisme yang telah tumbuh
dengan liar di kalangan masyarakat Yunani pada masa itu.

18
|http://arhielipu.blogspot.com/2011/05/demokritus.html?m=1|
Perlu diperhatikan di sini bahwa teori atom yang hingga saat ini dikembangkan
merupakan benih atheisme yang tumbuh subur sehingga beranggapan tiap atom terdapat
alam semesta lain.
Bagian-bagian Atom
George Johnstone Stoney FRS (15 February 1826 – 5 July 1911) was an Irish physicist. He is most
famous for introducing the term electron as the "fundamental unit quantity of electricity".
| "George Johnstone Stoney 1826–1911". The Daily Express. 6 July 1911. Archived from the original
on 12 July 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.|
Sir Joseph John Thomson OM PRS (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist
and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with
the discovery of the first subatomic particle.
In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged
particles, which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large value for
their charge-to-mass ratio.Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a
stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays
(positive ions). His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis
William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and led to the development of the mass
spectrograph.

19
Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity
in gases.
|"J.J. Thomson - Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Physics 1906. The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved
11 February 2015.|
Tentu saja penemuan elektron yang dikemukakan Thompson belum lah cukup untuk menggambarkan
bentuk atom secara keseluruhan karena ternyata terdapat ruang antara Proton dan elektron yang
dibuktikan oleh eksperimen berikutnya .
Rutherford moved in 1907 to the Victoria University of Manchester (today University of Manchester)
in the UK, where he and Thomas Royds proved that alpha radiation is helium nuclei. Rutherford
performed his most famous work after he became a Nobel laureate.In 1911, although he could not
prove that it was positive or negative, he theorized that atoms have their charge concentrated in a very
small nucleus,and thereby pioneered the Rutherford model of the atom, through his discovery and
interpretation of Rutherford scattering by the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden.

20
He conducted research that led to the first "splitting" of the atom in 1917 in a nuclear reaction between
nitrogen and alpha particles, in which he also discovered (and named) the proton.
|Ernest Rutherford | NZHistory.net.nz, New Zealand history online. Nzhistory.net.nz (19 October
1937). Retrieved on 2011-01-26.
Expected results: alpha particles passing through the plum pudding model of the atom undisturbed.
Bottom: Observed results: a small portion of the particles were deflected, indicating a small,
concentrated charge. Note that the image is not to scale; in reality the nucleus is vastly smaller than
the electron shell.
Hydrogen was known to be the lightest element, and its nuclei presumably the lightest nuclei. Now,
because of all these considerations, Rutherford decided that a hydrogen nucleus was possibly a
fundamental building block of all nuclei, and also possibly a new fundamental particle as well, since
nothing was known from the nucleus that was lighter. Thus, confirming and extending the work of
Wilhelm Wien who in 1898 discovered the proton in streams of ionized gas, Rutherford postulated the
hydrogen nucleus to be a new particle in 1920, which he dubbed the proton.
In 1921, while working with Niels Bohr (who postulated that electrons moved in specific orbits),
Rutherford theorized about the existence of neutrons, (which he had christened in his 1920 Bakerian
Lecture), which could somehow compensate for the repelling effect of the positive charges of protons
by causing an attractive nuclear force and thus keep the nuclei from flying apart from the repulsion
between protons. The only alternative to neutrons was the existence of "nuclear electrons" which
would counteract some of the proton charges in the nucleus, since by then it was known that nuclei
had about twice the mass that could be accounted for if they were simply assembled from hydrogen
nuclei (protons). But how these nuclear electrons could be trapped in the nucleus, was a mystery.

21
Rutherford's theory of neutrons was proved in 1932 by his associate James Chadwick, who recognized
neutrons immediately when they were produced by other scientists and later himself, in bombarding
beryllium with alpha particles. In 1935, Chadwick was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for this
discovery.
|Wilhelm Wien: Über positive Elektronen und die Existenz hoher Atomgewichte. In: Annalen der
Physik. Band 318 (4), 1904, S. 669–677.|
Perlu diperhatikan bahwa eksperimen yang membuktikan adanya Proton dan neutron sebagian besar
ilmuwan masih meragukan eksistensi keberadaan kedua partikel tersebut karena foton yang
dipancarkan saat Helium-4 yang ditembakkan ke atom Berillium berlaku juga untuk zat lain yang
hydrogeneous (mengandung air) bahkan termasuk udara yang merupakan campuran gas.
Chadwick proved that the secondary penetrating radiation emitted from Be, could produce recoil
atoms not only from hydrogeneous substances but also from helium, lithium, beryllium, air and argon.
...
These experiments and arguments not only proved definitely the existence of the neutron, but showed
also that this new particle, indicated usually with the symbol ~n,could be produced in light elements
through what we call (a, n) processes. In particular the production reaction in the case of beryllium
necessarily is
~He+~Be-~C+~n.
In the course of these investigation Hahn and Strassmann observed threeartificial isotopes of radium
(ssRa), the formation of which required two anomalous processes: an (n, a) reaction in 92U followed
by a spontaneous a decay so that the atomic number Z could decrease by 4 units:

22
U + n --> Th + He
~ 2~Th*—~ 2~Ra+ ~He.
But nobody had ever observed neither (n, a) reactions for Z> 30, nor artificial radioactivity with a
particle emission.
The attempt by Bethe and Peierls (section 4,5.2) to explain the neutron capture by protons ~n+~p—
~D+hv (8.3) as an inelastic dipole transition from a state of the continuum to the ground state of the
deuteron, was unsuccessful.
|FROM THE DISCOVERY OF THE NEUTRON TO THE DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION
Edoardo AMALDI Dipartimento di Fisica, Università “La Sapienza”, Roma|
Penemuan neutron sebenarnya masih diragukan banyak ilmuwan termasuk Chadwick sendiri
meragukan tentang eksistensi neutron ini.
Chadwick wrote: “During our work on the disintegration of the lighter elements by alpha particles
Rutherford and I had not been unmindful of the possibility of the emission of neutrons, especially from
those elements which did not emit protons. We looked for faint scintillations due to a radiation
undeflected by a magnetic field. The only specific reference to the search for the neutron in this way
was made in a paper published in 1929, some years after the experiments. The case of beryllium was
interesting for two reasons. It did not emit protons under alpha particles bombardment; and, though
a false argument, the mineral beryl was known to contain an unusual amount of helium, suggesting
that perhaps the Be nucleus split up under the action of cosmic radiation into two alpha particles and
a neutron. This matter intrigued me on and off for some years. I bombarded berylliumwith alpha
particles, with beta particles and with gamma rays, generally using the scintillation method to detect
any effect. In those days this was the only method of much use in the presence of the strong gamma

23
radiation of the radium active deposit, the chief source of radiation available to me. Quite earlyon,
too earlyperhaps, I tried to devise suitable electrical methods of counting. I failed. Later, when the
valve amplifier method had been developed by Greinacher and put it into use in the Cavendish by
Wynn-Williams ,I was also able to make a polonium source, small but just enough for the purpose.
With Constable and Pollard, I had another look at beryllium, and for a short but exciting time we
thought we had found some evidence of the neutron. But somehow the evidence faded away. I was still
groping in the dark”.
|H. Greinacher, EineNeue Methode zur Messungder Elementarstrahlen, Zeit. f. Phys. 36 (1926) 364—
373; Uber die Registrierung von a-und H.Strahlen nach der neuen elektrischen Methode, Zeit.f. Phys.
44 (1927) 319—325.|
Berawal dari eksperimen Bethe dkk. Yang justru membuktikan bahwa hasil tumbukan oleh radiasi
polonium terhadap unsur alkali tanah menghasilkan radiasi gamma dan tidak menghasilkan partikel
baru.
Hal yang sama dibuktikan oleh ahli laboratorium eksperimen Webster (yang akhirnya keluar dari
universitas Cambridge) yang membuktikan bahwa partikel "corpuscules" merupakan gabungan secara
langsung antara partikel muatan positif dan negatif dan bukan membentuk partikel neutron.

25
MEKANISME
ATOM
Ketidakpastian posisi Elektron
The position and momentum of a particle cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrarily high
precision. There is a minimum for the product of the uncertainties of these two measurements. There
is likewise a minimum for the product of the uncertainties of the energy and time.
This is not a statement about the inaccuracy of measurement instruments, nor a reflection on the
quality of experimental methods; it arises from the wave properties inherent in the quantum
mechanical description of nature. Even with perfect instruments and technique, the uncertainty is
inherent in the nature of things.
|hyperphysics.edu |

26
Ilmuwan hingga sekarang sebenarnya masih bingung dengan hakikat bentuk dan mekanisme
"elektron".
Padahal jika kita memperhatikan baik baik dari seluruh rangkaian hasil eksperimen baik yang
membuktikan elektron berbentuk gelombang ataupun eksperimen yang membuktikan bentuk elektron
partikel maka jika kita gabungkan hasil eksperimen eksperimen tersebut akan dapat ditarik benang
merah bahwa bentuk dan mekanisme yang selama ini dikenal elektron di sistem sains filsafat
sebenarnya adalah pancaran gelombang air berukuran sangat kecil (skala nano meter).
Konsep Heisenberg’s
In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle)
is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with
which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, known as complementary variables, such as
position x and momentum p, can be known.
Introduced first in 1927, by the German physicist Werner Heisenberg, it states that the more precisely
the position of some particle is determined, the less precisely its momentum can be known, and vice
versa.
Important steps on the way to understanding the uncertainty principle are wave-particle duality and
the DeBroglie hypothesis. As you proceed downward in size to atomic dimensions, it is no longer valid
to consider a particle like a hard sphere, because the smaller the dimension, the more wave-like it
becomes. It no longer makes sense to say that you have precisely determined both the position and
momentum of such a particle. When you say that the electron acts as a wave, then the wave is the
quantum mechanical wavefunction and it is therefore related to the probability of finding the electron
at any point in space. A perfect sinewave for the electron wave spreads that probability throughout all
of space, and the "position" of the electron is completely uncertain.

27
|Heisenberg, W. (1927), "Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und
Mechanik", Zeitschrift für Physik (in German), 43 (3–4): 172–198, Bibcode:1927ZPhy...43..172H,
doi:10.1007/BF01397280.. Annotated pre-publication proof sheet of Über den anschaulichen Inhalt
der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik, March 21, 1927.|
Konsep mekanika kuantum Heisenberg membuka jalan kebenaran lagi bahwa atom hakikatnya biji
kristal air karena dalam prinsip kuantum ini meyakini atom bukanlah suatu sistem benda keras yang
konstan (not hard sphere).
De Broglie wavelength
As a young student at the University of Paris, Louis DeBroglie had been impacted by relativity and
the photoelectric effect, both of which had been introduced in his lifetime. The photoelectric effect
pointed to the particle properties of light, which had been considered to be a wave phenomenon. He
wondered if electons and other "particles" might exhibit wave properties.
The Davisson-Germer experiment demonstrated the wave nature of the electron, confirming the earlier
hypothesis of deBroglie. Putting wave-particle duality on a firm experimental footing, it represented a
major step forward in the development of quantum mechanics. The Bragg law for diffraction had been
applied to x-ray diffraction, but this was the first application to particle waves.
Davisson and Germer designed and built a vacuum apparatus for the purpose of measuring the energies
of electrons scattered from a metal surface. Electrons from a heated filament were accelerated by a
voltage and allowed to strike the surface of nickel metal.
The electron beam was directed at the nickel target, which could be rotated to observe angular
dependence of the scattered electrons. Their electron detector (called a Faraday box) was mounted on

28
an arc so that it could be rotated to observe electrons at different angles. It was a great surprise to them
to find that at certain angles there was a peak in the intensity of the scattered electron beam. This peak
indicated wave behavior for the electrons, and could be interpreted by the Bragg law to give values for
the lattice spacing in the nickel crystal.
Dengan hasil eksperimen di atas semakin memperkuat dalil bahwa yang selama ini kalangan filsafat
menyebutnya atom, sebenarnya itu adalah mekanisme biji kristal air.
Dengan mengetahui hakikat sebenarnya atom ini maka kemungkinan kejayaan sains dan teknologi
barat akan segera lengser.
Eksperimen yang Mendukung

29
History of Rutherford Experiment
In Ernest Rutherford's laboratory, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden (a 20 yr old undergraduate student)
carried out experiments to study the scattering of alpha particles by thin metal foils. In 1909 they
observed that alpha particles from radioactive decays occasionally scatter at angles greater than 90°,
which is physically impossible unless they are scattering off something more massive than themselves.
This led Rutherford to deduce that the positive charge in an atom is concentrated into a small compact
nucleus. During the period 1911-1913 in a table-top apparatus, they bombarded the foils with high
energy alpha particles and observed the number of scattered alpha particles as a function of angle.
Based on the Thomson model of the atom, all of the alpha particles should have been found within a
small fraction of a degree from the beam, but Geiger and Marsden found a few scattered alphas at
angles over 140 degrees from the beam. Rutherford's remark "It was quite the most incredible event
that ever happened to me in my life. It was almost as incredible as if you had fired a 15-inch shell at a
piece of tissue paper and it came back and hit you." The scattering data was consistent with a small
positive nucleus which repelled the incoming positively charged alpha particles. Rutherford worked
out a detailed formula for the scattering (Rutherford formula), which matched the Geiger-Marsden
data to high precision.

30
The source used in the Rutherford experiments was purifed radium contained in a thin-walled 1-mm
diameter glass tube. The source strength was about 0.1 Curie, or about 4 billion nuclear decays per
second. The alpha particles were allowed to pass through a small diaphragm and were directed toward
a thin foil target. The detector was a small (10-6 m2) zinc sulfide screen mounted a few centimeters
away from the target.
Sebenarnya kunci dari reaksi nuklir adalah reaksi pengendapan kimia biasa dan hal ini terbukti dari
eksperimen eksperimen di tahun 1910 - 1930.
Kenapa sy libatkan kimia, karena hakikatnya reaksi nuklir juga ternyata fakta di lab. Adalah reaksi
kimia biasa silahkan kroscek seluruh jurnal tentang eksperimen reaksi nuklir.
_Lain hal dengan penembakan unsur seperti halnya spektrofotometri serapan atom._

32
LARGE HADRON
COLLIDER
Fermion
In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics. These particles obey
the Pauli exclusion principle. Fermions include all quarks and leptons, as well as all composite
particles made of an odd number of these, such as all baryons and many atoms and nuclei. Fermions
differ from bosons, which obey Bose–Einstein statistics.
A fermion can be an elementary particle, such as the electron, or it can be a composite particle, such
as the proton. According to the spin-statistics theorem in any reasonable relativistic quantum field
theory, particles with integer spin are bosons, while particles with half-integer spin are fermions.

33
In addition to the spin characteristic, fermions have another specific property: they possess conserved
baryon or lepton quantum numbers. Therefore, what is usually referred to as the spin statistics relation
is in fact a spin statistics-quantum number relation.
|Physical Review D volume 87, page 0550003, year 2013, author Weiner, Richard M., title "Spin-
statistics-quantum number connection and supersymmetry" arxiv:1302.0969|
Sebenarnya jika kita menggabungkan ketiga prinsip tingkatan energi elektron (Aufbau, Hund dan
Pauli) kita akan mendapati fakta mekanisme pancaran energi gelombang air dari pusat biji kristal air
yang bertingkat tingkat dan tentu saja gelombang air yang dekat dengan biji kristal air akan memiliki
pancaran energi yang terbesar karena paling dekat dengan sumber.
Kemudian konsep spin elektron Pauli hakikatnya menggambarkan bentuk bukit dan kawah gelombang
air.
The Standard Model recognizes two types of elementary fermions: quarks and leptons. In all, the model
distinguishes 24 different fermions. There are six quarks (up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top
quarks), and six leptons (electron, electron neutrino, muon, muon neutrino, tau particle and tau
neutrino), along with the corresponding antiparticle of each of these.
Mathematically, fermions come in three types:
Weyl fermions (massless),Dirac fermions (massive), andMajorana fermions (each its own
antiparticle).Most Standard Model fermions are believed to be Dirac fermions, although it is unknown
at this time whether the neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana fermions (or both). Dirac fermions can be
treated as a combination of two Weyl fermions In July 2015, Weyl fermions have been experimentally
realized in Weyl semimetals.

34
| T. Morii; C. S. Lim; S. N. Mukherjee (1 January 2004). The Physics of the Standard Model and
Beyond. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-279-560-1.|
Sebenarnya eksperimen pengaruh neutrino terhadap senyawa cair (air dan karbon tetraflourida) justru
membuktikan di bawah permukaan Bumi terdapat sumber radiasi yang sangat besar, itulah sebabnya
eksperimen dilakukan di bawah tanah hingga kedalaman 2000 meter.
Boson
In quantum mechanics, a boson is a particle that follows Bose–Einstein statistics. Bosons make up
one of the two classes of particles, the other being fermions.
Examples of bosons include fundamental particles such as photons, gluons, and W and Z bosons (the
four force-carrying gauge bosons of the Standard Model), the recently discovered Higgs boson, and
the hypothetical graviton of quantum gravity. Some composite particles are also bosons, such as
mesons and stable nuclei of even mass number such as deuterium (with one proton and one neutron,
mass number = 2), helium-4, or lead-208; as well as some quasiparticles (e.g. Cooper pairs, plasmons,
and phonons).
| Charles P. Poole, Jr. (11 March 2004). Encyclopedic Dictionary of Condensed Matter Physics.
Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-08-054523-3.|
Bosons may be either elementary, like photons, or composite, like mesons.While most bosons are
composite particles, in the Standard Model there are five bosons which are elementary:the four gauge
bosons or vector bosons (spin-1) (γ · g · Z· W±)the one scalar boson(spin-0)(theHiggsboson
(H0))Additionally, the graviton (G) is a hypothetical elementary particle not incorporated in the
Standard Model. If it exists, a graviton must be a boson, and could conceivably be a gauge boson.

35
However, since the graviton, the hypothetical force mediating particle for the gravitational force, has
no mass and a spin of 2, it would be a tensor boson.Composite bosons are important in superfluidity
and other applications of Bose–Einstein condensates.
|"Higgs boson: The poetry of subatomic particles". BBC News. 4 July 2012. Retrieved 6 July 2012.
Jika kita mau jeli dari seluruh hasil eksperimen modern seperti hasil deteksi LHC atau LIGO maka
akan kita dapati banyak sekali penggunaan kata “might be/may be/if” terhadap hasil eksperimen nya
se akan akan tidak yakin akan kebenaran teori yang mendasari eksperimen tersebut.
Graviton ?
The graviton is the exchange particle for the gravity force. Although it has not been directly observed,
a number of its properties can be implied from the nature of the force. Since gravity is an inverse
square force of apparently infinite range, it can be implied that the rest mass of the graviton is zero.
The current experiments LIGO and VIRGO seek to detect gravitational waves, which would be
considered to be coherent collections of gravitons.
| hyperphysics.edu |
If it exists, the graviton is expected to be massless because the gravitational force is very long range
and appears to propagate at the speed of light, and a spin-2 boson because the source of gravitation
is the stress–energy tensor, a second-order tensor (compared with electromagnetism's spin-1 photon,
the source of which is the four-current, a first-order tensor). Additionally, it can be shown that any
massless spin-2 field would give rise to a force indistinguishable from gravitation, because a massless

36
spin-2 field would couple to the stress–energy tensor in the same way that gravitational interactions
do. This result suggests that, if a massless spin-2 particle is discovered, it must be the graviton.
|For a comparison of the geometric derivation and the (non-geometric) spin-2 field derivation of
general relativity, refer to box 18.1 (and also 17.2.5) of Misner, C. W.; Thorne, K. S.; Wheeler, J. A.
(1973). Gravitation. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0.|
Graviton hingga sekarang hanyalah ilusi matematika yang tak akan pernah terbukti, silahkan baca
karya penulis berjudul hole of fire.
LIGO
The two LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory) interferometers are similar in
principle to the Michelson interferometers used for many laboratory measurements. They have been
joined by the VIRGO interferometer in Italy.
The description on the Caltech site is: "At each observatory, the two-and-a-half-mile (4-km) long L-
shaped LIGO interferometer uses laser light split into two beams that travel back and forth down the
arms (four-foot diameter tubes kept under a near-perfect vacuum). The beams are used to monitor the
distance between mirrors precisely positioned at the ends of the arms. According to Einstein's theory,
the distance between the mirrors will change by an infinitesimal amount when a gravitational wave

37
passes by the detector. A change in the lengths of the arms smaller than one-ten-thousandth the
diameter of a proton (10-19 meter) can be detected."
|References:LIGO, NSF discussion Caltech news release, February 11, 2016|
*ARE WE SURE THAT GW150914 WAS ARE ASTROPHYSICAL EVENT?*
*The short answer is “yes”, but* of course this is a crucial question and the LIGO Scientific
Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration have together made a huge effort to address it, carrying out a
variety of independent and thorough checks –all of which contribute to strengthening the detection
case for GW150914. Firstly, as we noted already, the time delay between the observations made at
each LIGO detector was consistent with the light travel time between the two sites. Also, as seen in
figure 1, the Hanford and Livingston signals showed a similar pattern, as would be expected given the
near alignment of the two interferometers, and were strong enough to ‘stand out’ against the
background noise around the time of the event–like a burst of laughter heard above the background
chatter of a crowded room.
Understanding this background noise is an essential part of our analysis and involves monitoring a
vast array of environmental data recorded at both sites: ground motions, temperature variations and
power grid fluctuations to name just a few. In parallel, many data channels monitor in real time the
status of the interferometers checking, for example, that the various laser beams are properly centred.
If any of these environmental or instrumental channels indicated a problem, then the detector data
would be discarded. However, despite exhaustive studies, no such data quality problems were found
at the time of the event. But perhaps GW150914 was a rare noise fluctuation, which happened to occur
simply by chance with similar characteristics at both sites? To reject this possibility we need to work
out just how rare such a fluctuation would be: the less often it could occur by chance, *the more

38
confidently we can rule out this scenario in favour of the alternative –that GW150914 was indeed a
real gravitational wave event*.
|LIGO Scientific Collaboration homepage (includes link to our main publication, published in Physical
Review Letters): http://www.ligo.org Advanced Virgo homepage: http://public.virgo-
gw.eu/language/en/ Someofthe companion papers toour main publication: • Observinggravitational-
wave transient GW150914 with minimal assumptions: https://dcc.ligo.org/P1500229/|
Pengaruh yang sangat kuat dari hasil pembedahan bentuk dan mekanisme atom yang sebenarnya
adalah selain berpengaruh besar terhadap kemajuan IPTEK abad berikutnya juga berpengaruh terhadap
revolusi kosmologi di masa depan.

39
Harvard Tower Experiment
Before he worked out the general theory of relativity, Einstein had already deduced that gravity must
affect a light wave’s frequency and wavelength. Light moving upwards from Earth’s surface, for
example, shifts to longer wavelength and lower frequency, as gravity saps it of some energy. But the
effect is tiny in earth’s modest gravity. In 1960 Robert Pound and Glen Rebka of Harvard University
finally succeed in testing this crucial prediction, and they reported their results in PRL. Today the so-
called gravitational redshift is essential for understanding the cosmos and operating the Global
Positioning System (GPS).
|https://physics.aps.org/story/v16/st1|
The highs and lows. Robert Pound, stationed at the top of a tower in a Harvard physics building (top),
communicated by phone with Glen Rebka in the basement during calibrations for their experiment.
The team verified Einstein’s prediction that gravity can change light’s frequency.
Sebenarnya Harvard Tower Eksperiment (HTE) membuktikan bahwa gravitasi bersifat lokal dan
bukan universal.Simak buku Hole of Fire.

41
KONSEP WATER
UNIVERSAL
Bentuk Fraktal Atom
The world's Most Powerful Microscope.
Lawrence Berkeley National Labs just turned on a $27 million electron microscope. It has the ability
to make images to a resolution of half the width of a hydrogen atom. This makes it the most powerful
microscope in the world...well, maybe not....
Everything is getting smaller! Our phones, our TV parts (flat screen), computers...as this technology
gets smaller so do the parts inside get smaller! The newest microscope was unveiled last month: a $5.5
million Nion Hermes Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope that scientists are saying is one of
only three in the world. It can image objects a million times smaller than a human hair. Why do we

42
want to see things in such tiny detail? Because we have to! Keeping up with technology requires parts
to become super small, even down to the size of an atom.
|https://taylorsciencegeeks.weebly.com/blog/using-electron-microscopes-to-see-atomic-structure|
Michigan Tech's new transmission electron microscope will be able to generate images such as this
one, which reveals the atomic structure of zinc-antimony nanowires.
Michigan Technological University is well on its way to getting a $1.7 million, state-of-the-science
transmission electron microscope (TEM), thanks to the National Science Foundation and a team of
dedicated researchers led by Reza Shahbazian-Yassar.
"This will bring us to the forefront of electron microscopy," said Shahbazian-Yassar, the principal
investigator on the project. The new TEM will not only give researchers the ability to study atomic
structure, it will also identify chemical composition with sensitivity close to a single atom.
|https://www.mtu.edu|

43
Seluruh pengamatan atom di bawah mikroskop tercanggih menunjukkan bentuk hexagon seperti
halnya bentuk senyawa kompleks air berukuran nano meter.
Phonon
Considering the regular lattice of atoms in a uniform solid material, you would expect there to be
energy associated with the vibrations of these atoms. But they are tied together with bonds, so they
can't vibrate independently. The vibrations take the form of collective modes which propagate through
the material. Such propagating lattice vibrations can be considered to be sound waves, and their
propagation speed is the speed of sound in the material.The vibrational energies of molecules, e.g., a
diatomic molecule, are quantized and treated as quantum harmonic oscillators. Quantum harmonic
oscillators have equally spaced energy levels with separation DE = hu. So the oscillators can accept
or lose energy only in discrete units of energy hu.
The evidence on the behavior of vibrational energy in periodic solids is that the collective vibrational
modes can accept energy only in discrete amounts, and these quanta of energy have been labeled
"phonons". Like the photons of electromagnetic energy, they obey Bose-Einstein statistics.Considering

44
a solid to be a periodic array of mass points, there are constraints on both the minimum and maximum
wavelength associated with a vibrational mode.
|hyperphysics.edu |
Sebenarnya gerak bergetar (vibrasi) selalu mengacu pada fluida yang terutama air.
Gerak Brown
Brownian motion or pedesis (from Ancient Greek: πήδησις /pέːdεːsis/ "leaping") is the random motion
of particles suspended in a fluid (a liquid or a gas) resulting from their collision with the fast-moving
molecules in the fluid.
This pattern of motion typically alternates random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid
sub-domain with a relocation to another sub-domain. Each relocation is followed by more fluctuations
within the new closed volume. This pattern describes a fluid at thermal equilibrium, defined by a given
temperature. Within such fluid there exists no preferential direction of flow as in transport phenomena.
More specifically the fluid's overall linear and angular momenta remain null over time. It is important
also to note that the kinetic energies of the molecular Brownian motions, together with those of
molecular rotations and vibrations sum up to the caloric component of a fluid’s internal energy.
|Feynman, R. (1964). "The Brownian Movement". The Feynman Lectures of Physics, Volume I. pp.
41-1.|
Since higher temperatures also led to more-rapid Brownian motion, in 1877 it was suggested that its
cause lay in the “thermal molecular motion in the liquid environment.” The idea that molecules of a
liquid or gas are constantly in motion, colliding with each other and bouncing back and forth, is a

45
prominent part of the kinetic theory of gases developed in the third quarter of the 19th century by the
physicists James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, and Rudolf Clausius in explanation of heat
phenomena. According to the theory, the temperature of a substance is proportional to the average
kinetic energy with which the molecules of the substance are moving or vibrating. It was natural to
guess that somehow this motion might be imparted to larger particles that could be observed under the
microscope; if true, this would be the first directly observable effect that would corroborate the kinetic
theory. This line of reasoning led the German physicist Albert Einstein in 1905 to produce his
quantitative theory of Brownian motion. Similar studies were carried out on Brownian motion,
independently and almost at the same time, by the Polish physicist Marian Smoluchowski, who used
methods somewhat different from Einstein’s.
Einstein wrote later that his major aim was to find facts that would guarantee as much as possible the
existence of atoms of definite size. In the midst of this work, he discovered that according to atomic
theory there would have to be an observable movement of suspended microscopic particles. Einstein
did not realize that observations concerning the Brownian motion were already long familiar.
Reasoning on the basis of statistical mechanics, he showed that for such a microscopic particle the
random difference between the pressure of molecular bombardment on two opposite sides would cause
it to constantly wobble back and forth. A smaller particle, a less viscous fluid, and a higher temperature
would each increase the amount of motion one could expect to observe. Over a period of time, the
particle would tend to drift from its starting point, and, on the basis of kinetic theory, it is possible to
compute the probability (P) of a particle’s moving a certain distance (x) in any given direction (the
total distance it moves will be greater than x) during a certain time interval (t) in a medium whose
coefficient of diffusion (D) is known, D being equal to one-half the average of the square of the
displacement in the x-direction. This formula for probability “density” allows P to be plotted against
x. The graph is the familiar bell-shaped Gaussian “normal” curve that typically arises when the random

46
variable is the sum of many independent, statistically identical random variables, in this case the many
little pushes that add up to the total motion.
The introduction of the ultramicroscope in 1903 aided quantitative studies by making visible small
colloidal particles whose greater activity could be measured more easily. Several important

47
measurements of this kind were made from 1905 to 1911. During this period the French physicist Jean-
Baptiste Perrin was successful in verifying Einstein’s analysis, and for this work he was awarded the
Nobel Prize for Physics in 1926. His work established the physical theory of Brownian motion and
ended the skepticism about the existence of atoms and molecules as actual physical entities.
|https://www.britannica.com/science/Brownian-motion|

48
Fenomena gerak brown pada molekul merupakan bukti telak bahwa atom hakikatnya air.
Adapun sumber gerak berasal dari radiasi yang letaknya berada tepat di bawah permukaan bumi.
Simak buku hole of fire.

49
Konsep Gelombang Elektron
Examples of Electron Waves

50
Two specific examples supporting the wave nature of electrons as suggested in the DeBroglie
hypothesis are the discrete atomic energy levels and the diffraction of electrons from crystal planes in
solid materials. In the Bohr model of atomic energy levels, the electron waves can be visualized as
"wrapping around" the circumference of an electron orbit in such a way as to experience constructive
interference.
The wave nature of the electron must be invoked to explain the behavior of electrons when they are
confined to dimensions on the order of the size of an atom. This wave nature is used for the quantum
mechanical "particle in a box" and the result of this calculation is used to describe the density of
energy states for electrons in solids.
|hyperphysics.edu |
Teori ini dikemukakan oleh Drude dan Lorentz pada awal abad ke-20. Menurut teori ini, di dalam
kristal logam terdiri dari ion-ion logam bermuatan positif (kation) yang tersusun rapat dalam awan
elektron. Awan elekton ini merupakan elektron valensi yang dilepaskan oleh setiap atom. Elektron
valensi ini tidak terikat salah satu ion logam atau pasangan ion logam, tetapi terdelokalisasi terhadap
semua ion logam. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tumpang tindih (overlap) orbital valensi dari atom-atom
logam. Akibatnya elektron-elektron yang ada pada orbitalnya dapat berpindah ke orbital valensi atom
tetangganya. Karena hal inilah elektron-elektron valensi akan terdelokaslisasi pada semua atom yang
terdapat pada logam membentuk awan atau lautan elektron, sehingga elektron valensi tersebut bebas
bergerak keseluruh bagian dari kristal logam. Elektron-elektron bebas inilah yang menyebabkan
adanya ikatan dalam kristal logam. Misalnya logam magnesium yang memiliki 2 elektron valensi.
Berdasarkan model awan elektron, logam magnesium dapat dianggap terdiri dari ion positif Mg2+
yang tersusun secara teratur, berulang dan disekitarnya terdapat awan atau lautan elektron yang
dibentuk dari elektron valensi magnesium.

51
Maka, teori awan atau lautan elektron pada ikatan logam itu didefinisikan sebagai gaya tarik antara
muatan positif dari ion-ion logam (kation logam) dengan muatan negatif yang terbentuk dari elektron-
elektron valensi dari atom-atom logam. Jadi logam yang memiliki elektron valensi lebih banyak akan
menghasilkan kation dengan muatan positif yang lebih besar dan awan elektron dengan jumlah
elektron yang lebih banyak atau lebih rapat. Hal ini menyebabkan logam memiliki ikatan yang lebih
kuat dibanding logam yang tersusun dari atom-atom logam dengan jumlah elektron valensi lebih
sedikit.
Teori lautan atau awan elektron ini dapat menjelaskan berbagai sifat fisika dari logam.
1. Logam dapat ditempa, dapat dibengkokkan, direntangkan dan tidak rapuh
Hal ini disebabkan atom-atom logam tersusun secara teratur dan rapat sehingga ketika diberi tekanan
atom-atom tersebut dapat tergelincir di atas lapisan atom yang lain.
|HILDA JUNANDA BR HARAHAP (4103331019) JURUSAN KIMIA FAKULTAS
MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAMUNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN|
Electron Cloud Model is an informal term in physics. It is used to describe where electrons are when
they go around the nucleus of an atom.
The electron cloud model is different from the older Bohr atomic model by Niels Bohr. Bohr talked
about electrons orbiting the nucleus. Explaining the behavior of these electron "orbits" was a key issue
in the development of quantum mechanics.
|Bryson, Bill 2003. A short history of nearly everything. Broadway Books. pp. 141–143. ISBN 0-7679-
0818-X.|

52
Tentunya sangat jelas sebenarnya mengapa mekanisme gerak elektron disebut sebagai lautan atau
awan elektron sekalipun pada logam.
Karena memang elektron hakikatnya merupakan pancaran gelombang air.
Citra Hasil LHC
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world’s largest and most powerful particle accelerator. It
first started up on 10 September 2008, and remains the latest addition to CERN’s accelerator complex.
The LHC consists of a 27-kilometre ring of superconducting magnets with a number of accelerating
structures to boost the energy of the particles along the way.
Inside the accelerator, two high-energy particle beams travel at close to the speed of light before they
are made to collide. The beams travel in opposite directions in separate beam pipes – two tubes kept
at ultrahigh vacuum. They are guided around the accelerator ring by a strong magnetic field
maintained by superconducting electromagnets. The electromagnets are built from coils of special
electric cable that operates in a superconducting state, efficiently conducting electricity without
resistance or loss of energy. This requires chilling the magnets to 271.3°C – a temperature colder than
outer space. For this reason, much of the accelerator is connected to a distribution system of liquid
helium, which cools the magnets, as well as to other supply services.

53
|https://home.cern/topics/large-hadron-collider|
Thousands of magnets of different varieties and sizes are used to direct the beams around the
accelerator. These include 1232 dipole magnets 15 metres in length which bend the beams, and 392
quadrupole magnets, each 5–7 metres long, which focus the beams. Just prior to collision, another type
of magnet is used to "squeeze" the particles closer together to increase the chances of collisions. The
particles are so tiny that the task of making them collide is akin to firing two needles 10 kilometres
apart with such precision that they meet halfway.
The aim of the LHC is to allow physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics,
including measuring the properties of the Higgs boson and searching for the large family of new
particles predicted by supersymmetric theories, as well as other unsolved questions of physics.
The collider has four crossing points, around which are positioned seven detectors, each designed for
certain kinds of research. The LHC primarily collides proton beams, but it can also use beams of heavy
ions. Proton–lead collisions were performed for short periods in 2013 and 2016, lead–lead collisions
took place in 2010, 2011, 2013, and 2015, and a short run of xenon–xenon collisions took place in
2017.

54
The LHC's computing grid is a world record holder. Data from collisions were produced at an
unprecedented rate for the time of first collisions, tens of petabytes per year, a major challenge at the
time, to be analysed by a grid-based computer network infrastructure connecting 170 computing
centres in 42 countries as of 2017 – by 2012 the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid was also the world's
largest distributed computing grid, comprising over 170 computing facilities in a worldwide network
across 36 countries.
| What is the Worldwide LHC Computing Grid? (Public 'About' page) Archived 4 July 2012 at the
Wayback Machine. 14 November 2012: "Currently WLCG is made up of more than 170 computing
centers in 36 countries...The WLCG is now the world's largest computing grid"|

55
Dari sistem kerja large hadron collider (LHC) yang berada pada sistem suhu yang sangat rendah (di
bawah pengaruh cairan helium) dan hasil pencitraan alat tersebut membuktikan sangat jelas sekali
bahwa bentuk atom dan perpecahannya layaknya kristal air yang dipecah dengan kecepatan dan
momentum tertentu.

56
Kalor Laten
When something absorbs heat without changing its temperature, the heat absorbed is called latent
heat. Thus each gram of water at 100° C at ordinary pressures can absorb up to 540 calories without
changing its temperature as the heat absorbed is used to break the hydrogen bonds among the water
molecules and not to change the temperature. This means that 1 gram of water at 100° C changes to
1 gram of steam at 100° C by absorbing 540 calories.
Note that steam at 100° C does contain more heat energy than water at 100° C. Similarly, 1 gram of
ice at 0° C takes 80 calories to change to 1 gram of water at 0° C.
Thus the latent heat of vaporization of water is 540 cal/g/°C and the latent heat of fusion of ice is 80
cal/g/°C. At higher pressures, it takes more than 540 calories for every gram to vaporize. This is the
basis of the pressure cooker.
|http://environ.andrew.cmu.edu/m3/s5/cards/latentcard.htm|
Ketika air menghilang pada suhu ruangan yang diakibatkan kalor laten (yang hakikatnya diakibatkan
gaya radiasi) merupakan bukti bahwa air dapat berubah menjadi ukuran yang sangat kecil hingga tak
terlihat dengan mata telanjang.

57
Kuantum Komputer
Quantum computing is computing using quantum-mechanical phenomena, such as superposition and
entanglement.A quantum computer is a device that performs quantum computing. They are different
from binary digital electronic computers based on transistors. Whereas common digital computing
requires that the data be encoded into binary digits (bits), each of which is always in one of two definite
states (0 or 1), quantum computation uses quantum bits, which can be in superpositions of states. A
quantum Turing machine is a theoretical model of such a computer, and is also known as the universal
quantum computer. The field of quantum computing was initiated by the work of Paul Benioff and Yuri
Manin in 1980,Richard Feynman in 1982, and David Deutsch in 1985.
|Gershenfeld, Neil; Chuang, Isaac L. (June 1998). "Quantum Computing with Molecules" (PDF).
Scientific American.|
Sistem qubit pada mekanisme kuantum komputer hakikatnya merupakan mekanisme bukit dan kawah
gelombang air.

58
Konsep Reaksi Nuklir Menunjukkan Reaksi Kimia
Biasa
Frisch and Meitner’s paper had provided a broad-brush picture of the fission process which required
a detailed analysis along the lines of the compound nucleus model and of the liquid drop model.
...
by physical arguments involving energetic considerations based on the masses of the heavy as well as
the intermediate elements and a description of the nucleus as a liquid drop capable of form vibrations.
|L. Meitner and OR. Fnsch, Disintegration ofUranium by Neutrons: ANew Type ofNuclear
Reaction,Nature (London) 143 (1939) 239—240, dated January 16, 1939. See also by the same
authors: On the Production of fission in uranium and thorium under neutron bombardment, Kgl. Danke
Vidensk. Selsk. Math-fys. Medd. 17, No. 5 (1939) 1—14.|
A general study of the problem was made a few years later when the discussion by Hahn of the
presumable identity of the other transuranic elements stimulated the interest of G. Herrmann, a pupil
of Strassmann. Herrmann, in collaboration with Menke started from an analysis of the decay curve of
the platin sulfide precipitate which can be easily decomposed into the main transuranic radionuclides
of Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann: 16 mm, 59 mm, 5.7 h and 66 h. They found, that this curve is due
to 22 well-known fission products. Then from a quantitative analysis, they determined the relative
contributions of the various fission products to the corresponding “transuranic elements”. In
particular they showed that the 16-mm eka-rhenium is mainly composed by isotopes of molybdenum,
technetium, tellurium and antimony and the 59 mm eka-osmium mainly by isotopes of tellurium and
iodine.

59
|]H. Menke and G. Herrmann, Was waren die Transurane der dreissige Jahre in
Wirklichkeit?,Radiochemica Acta 16 (1971)119-123.|
In the same letter quoted above we reported on the chemical properties of the body of 13 mm half-life.
We wrote: “... Using chemical operations, an attempt was made to determine whether the element
which disintegrates with the period of 13 mm is an isotope of one of the heavy elements. We can
immediately conclude that it is not an isotope of U(92) or Th(90) because the active substance is easily
separated from these elements. Much more difficult is the proof that it is not an isotope of Pa(91)
[protactinium], since there is not a /3-radioactive substance suitable for this proof, i.e. an isotope of
Pa of convenient period. For this reason we used UX2 (~2~Pa) which has a period of only 70 s and
which therefore forces to speed up the chemical operations, However, in about 2mm we succeeded in
separating (together with Mn) the active substance from U by carrying along only a small fraction of
the UX2, which should have been present taking into account the decay of this substance. This
separation was accomplished by precipitating Mn02 with NaClO3 from a strong nitric acid solution,
and is equally complete even in the presence of Ce and La. This fact seems to exclude that the active
substance has atomic number 89 since this element is analogous to the rare earth elements. The same
reaction also appears to exclude the possibility that we dealt with an isotope of Ra(88) and all the
more of eka-cesium (87) or emanation (86).
Kenapa sy libatkan kimia, karena hakikatnya reaksi nuklir juga ternyata fakta di lab. Adalah reaksi
kimia biasa silahkan kroscek seluruh jurnal tentang eksperimen reaksi nuklir.
_Lain hal dengan penembakan unsur seperti halnya spektrofotometri serapan atom._
Jadi tidak benar reaksi nuklir menghasilkan energi yang terlampau dahsyat seperti halnya E=mc^2
...ini hanya teori konspirasi politik perang....silahkan kroscek di jurnal tentang penemuan neutron di
tahun 1922.

60
Perlu diketahui bahwa seluruh kehidupan berasal dari biji kristal air ...salah satu doktor terkemuka
pernah membahas hal ini bahwa air telah ada bahkan sebelum adanya langit dan bumi
Bahkan reaksi nuklir memiliki mekanisme seperti pecahan tetesan air (drop liquid concept)...silahkan
kroscek di buku "new wave nuclear theory atau new type nuclear reaction" (rare book) dengan harga
hampir 20 juta rupiah...
Dengan konsep biji kristal air dapat menjelaskan tingkat energi pada elektron yang hakikatnya
kumpulan air yang membentuk gelombang transversal sedangkan konsep planet *tak dapat
menjelaskan darimana elektron memiliki tingkat energi pada ruang hampa disekitarnya?*
Kemudian model planet bahkan mekanika kuantum tak dapat menjelaskan mengapa elektron tidak
jatuh ke inti jikapun karena sentrifugal darimana elektron memiliki kekuatan secara abadi untuk
membuat sentrifugal tersebut?
Ditambah lagi yang lebih anehnya darimana ikatan kimia antar atom bisa terjadi jika elektron masing
masing bermuatan sama?...bukankah seharusnya terjadi gaya tolak menolak yang sangat besar
sehingga tidak mungkin terjadi ikatan kimia?...
Justru dengan konsep biji kristal air....konsep ikatan kimia bisa dijelaskan dengan baik karena tiap air
memiliki gaya kohesi.

61
Ketahuilah Asumsi Adanya Neutron Merupakan
Kunci Biji Kristal Air dan Kesalahan Postulat Atom
Berbentuk Planet
Berikut ini kita akan buktikan...bahwa konsep penemuan eksistensi neutron pada inti atom atau disebut
nukleon adalah hanya berlandaskan asumsi seorang mahasiswa Cambridge terhadap eksperimen Bothe
dan Becker
Berikut ini bagan sketsa eksperimen reaksi kimia antara radiasi alfa yang dipancarkan polonium
dengan berillium (alkali tanah)...
Reaksi tersebut selalu menghasilkan sinar gamma yang lebih besar dari estimasi 50 MeV atau setara
dengan gabungan energi antara proton dan elektron...
Dari sini chadwick berasumsi bahwa yang terdeteksi detektor adalah suatu partikel sub atom baru
selain proton dan elektron...

62
Pada waktu yang hampir bersamaan fisikawan webster juga bereksperimen dan menarik simpulan
bahwa radiasi gamma yang berlebihan tersebut merupakan sebuah _corpuscules particle_ yang
merupakan sebuah partikel berisi proton dan elektron...
Jika kita teliti dengan seksama asumsi chadwick jelas berbeda dengan asumsi fisikawan webster
(perhatikan dan garis bawahi kalimat ini)....
Tapi entah kenapa mayoritas ilmuwan Eropa saat itu berpendapat eksperimen fisikawan webster
mendukung asumsi chadwick sehingga ditetapkan chadwick penemu neutron???
Padahal jelas sekali berbeda simpulan mengenai *corpuscules* yang dimaksud webster dengan asumsi
chadwick yang menganggap radiasi gamma berlebih yang terdeteksi detektor sebagai partikel sub
atomik baru!
Itu cacat yang pertama....
Kemudian cacat asumsi yang kedua darimana kita memastikan bahwa radiasi gamma yang berlebih
tersebut merupakan suatu partikel sub atomik baru yang bermuatan netral *sementara ion chamber
mengandung elektron bermuatan negatif*?...
*justru malah hal ini membuktikan jika radiasi berlebihan tersebut suatu partikel sub atomik yang
terlempar dari hasil tumbukan dengan radiasi alfa, maka yang lebih tepat asumsinya bahwa yang
terlempar tersebut adalah proton yang bergabung dengan elektron dari ion chamber sehingga
membentuk "corpuscules" sebagaimana simpulan eksperimen dari fisikawan webster*
Dengan demikian eksistensi neutron hanyalah asumsi seorang chadwick dan tak terbukti...sehingga
reaksi nuklir yang berhubungan dengan neutron perlu dirombak total!

63
Bayangkan!!! dengan hal ini saja maka konsep tenaga nuklir yang katanya dapat menghasilkan energi
sebesar _E=mc^2_ akan terbukti palsu!
Lalu bagaimana dengan PLTN?...ya tentu saja PLTN juga tidak menghasilkan energi yang terlalu besar
sebagaimana *E=mc^2* dan bahkan terbatas serta berbahaya karena radiasi yang dihasilkan karena
bersifat eksotermik tinggi (perlu dicatat)
*Oleh karena itu ilmuwan abad ini merancang sumber listrik baru dari api plasma salah satunya ITER*

64
Ketahuilah Pengembangan Teknologi ARM
Merupakan Bukti Terbatasnya Kecanggihan Suatu
Teknologi Secara Keseluruhan
Lihatlah fakta bahwa seluruh konsep sains berujung pada atheisme seperti yang digambarkan film film
barat seperti prometheus dsb...
Tentu hal ini selalu bertentangan dengan dalil dari kitab agama samawi...
Contoh tentang konsep atom dengan basis atheisme yang memang sengaja dirancang agar menjauhkan
manusia percaya kepada Rabb nya yang Maha Tunggal..
....
Kaku slips into overdrive as he explains all the implications. *String theory* predicts the universe is
like a soap bubble that is expanding and dying," he says. Billions of years from now stars will blink
out; the night sky will be dark and the oceans will freeze over. But we may have an escape route. Our
soap bubble co-exists with other soap bubbles; every time a black hole forms it may be creating a baby
universe.* The matter being sucked in may be blown out the other side, creating a white hole in a twin
universe, which will expand very rapidly, like our own Big Bang.
...

65
|Prof. Michio Kaku |
Dengan konsep teknologi berbasis atheisme yang menganggap atom dapat membentuk alam semesta
baru...kemudian atom dalam alam semesta baru tersebut dapat membentuk alam semesta yang baru
lagi dst....
Sehingga meniadakan peran Sang Pencipta.
Sehingga kalangan teknokrat menginspirasi seluruh manusia bahwa teknologi akan mempunyai
kemampuan tanpa batas bahkan melebihi kuasa Ilahi!!....
Jelas ini pemahaman sesat dan menyesatkan yang merupakan kebohongan sains yang berakibat fatal!
Bukti bukti pengamatan dengan mikroskop elektron seperti fasilitas "UK superSTEM" menunjukkan
atom tidaklah serumit yang dibayangkan.
Belum ditambah fakta reaksi nuklir yang ternyata hanya reaksi endapan secara kimiawi biasa.
Sehingga mekanisme elektron beserta atom yang selama ini dikenal merupakan mekanisme biji kristal
air yang memiliki energi dan momentum tertentu serta dapat dipecah...
Dengan konsep teknologi berdasarkan mekanisme biji kristal air berukuran nano dapat dipastikan
teknologi mempunyai batas kemampuan tertentu....yang ada adalah teknik pengefektif dan pengefisien
untuk skala nanometer seperti halnya ARM pada teknologi komputer...

66
Ketahuilah Pengembangan Teori Reaksi Nuklir
Berdasarkan Mekanisme Reaksi Pengendapan
Secara Kimia Biasa
The crucial part of the paper, where the discovery of fission is announced, reads as follows: “We now
have to discuss some recent experiments which we publish with reluctance because of their
extraordinary results. In order to establish the chemical nature of the substances called ‘radium
isotopes’ beyond any doubt, we performed fractional crystallizations and fractional precipitations of
the active barium salts of the type used for the enriching of barium salts with radium. For enriching
barium salts with radium during fractional crystallization barium bromide is used; barium chromate
is even better for thispurpose if the tiny crystals are not removed too soon. Barium chloride is enriched
to a lesser extent than the bromide, while barium carbonate even works in the opposite direction,
though only slightly. Such experiments when performed with our radioactive barium preparations
purified from decay products always produced a negative result. The radioactivity remained the same
in all the fractions of barium; at least within the limits of the possible error of our experimental
methods. We then carried out a few fractionations with the radium isotope thorium-X (se2~Ra)and
with mesothorium-1 (as2~Ra),also a radium isotope. They turned out precisely as one expected them
to after much experience with radium. Then the indicator method was applied to a mixture of the long-
lived radium-IV and pure radium-free mesothorium-1. The mixture, with barium bromide as the
carrier, was fractionally crystallized. Mesothorium-1 was enriched, but radium-IV was not. Its activity
remained the same if the barium content of the fractions was the same. We had to conclude that our

67
“radium isotopes” have the chemical characteristics of barium. Speaking as chemists, we even have
to say that these new substances are barium, not radium” Fission was discovered!
|0. Hahn and F. Strassmann, Uber den Nachweiss und das Verhalten der bei Bestrahlung des Urans
mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetallen, Naturwiss. 27 (1939) 11—15, received December
22, 1938.|
Dear Professor Fermi, Your letter has been forwarded to me in the country where I am taking a
holiday. I saw your account in “Nature” of the effects on uranium. I congratulate you and
yourcolleagues on asplendid piece ofwork. Ihave hadtwo ofmy menWestcott andBjerge repeatingsome
of yourexperiments with anEm + Betube and promised them when I returnedin a week ortwo to try out
for them the effect ofthe2 million volts neutrons from the D +D reaction on afew elements. I myselfhave
been naturally interested on the energy of the neutron required to start transmutations. We do not,
however, propose at the moment to make systematic experiments in this direction as our installation
is required for other purposes. I cannot at themoment give you a definite statementas to the output of
neutrons from our tubebut it should be of the same order as from an Em +Be tube containing 100
millicurie and may be pushed much higher. Ifyour assistants come to Cambridge say in thefirst
weekofJuly, I shall bedelightedto givethem the benefit ofour experienceand to see the mode ofoperation
ofour installations for transmutations in general. I hope one orboth speak English as the knowledge
ofItalian in thelaboratory is very modest. The two men to see are Dr. Oliphant and Dr. Cockcroft.
Excuse thehand written letter, I do not take a secretary with me in holiday!
|Rutherford|
F. Rutherford, Radio-activity (Cambridge University Press, 1904). William Henry Bragg (Westward,
Cumberland, 1862—1942) professor of Physics at the University of Adelaide, hewas for years in
favour of “the possibility that the y and the Xrays may be of a material nature”but in 1912
afterFriedrich, Knipping andLaue’sresultshe andhis son William Lawrence convincedthemselves that

68
a waveinterpretation was unavoidable. W.L. Braggshowed that the Lauephenomenon might be
regarded as a reflection of electromagnetic radiation in the incident beam from those planes in the
crystal that were densily studded with atoms and derived the famous Bragg relation. In January 1913
W.H. Bragg succeeded in detecting the reflected rays with an ionization chamber and two months later
constructed the first X ray spectrometer. By the end of 1913 the Braggs had reduced the problem of
crystal structureanalysis to a standard procedure. They were awarded the 1915 NobelPrize for Physics
for theiranalysis ofcrystal structureby means of X rays.
A general study of the problem was made a few years later when the discussion by Hahn of the
presumable identity of the other transuranic elements stimulated the interest of G. Herrmann, a pupil
of Strassmann. Herrmann, in collaboration with Menke started from an analysis of the decay curve of
the platin sulfide precipitate which can be easily decomposed into the main transuranic radionuclides
of Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann: 16 mm, 59 mm, 5.7 h and 66 h. They found, that this curve is due
to 22 well-known fission products. Then from a quantitative analysis, they determined the relative
contributions of the various fission products to the corresponding “transuranic elements”. In
particular they showed that the 16-mm eka-rhenium is mainly composed by isotopes of molybdenum,
technetium, tellurium and antimony and the 59 mm eka-osmium mainly by isotopes of tellurium and
iodine.
|0. Hahn, Vom Radiothor zur Uranspaltung, Eine Wissenschaftliche Selbstbiographie (Fried Vieweg
& Shon, Braunschweig, 1962); 0. Hahn, aScientific Biography, translated and edited by Wiley Levy,
introduction by Glenn T. Seaborg (Charles Scriber’s Sons, New York). For a biography of Hahn see:
R. Spence, Otto Hahn (1879—1968), Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 16 (1970)
279—313.|

69
Dari sini jelas sekali bahwa hakikatnya reaksi nuklir merupakan reaksi kimia biasa yang melibatkan
air sehingga dihasilkan radiasi eksotermik tinggi yang terbatas nilainya sehingga tidak benar kecepatan
cahaya itu tetap nilainya dengan terungkapnya hal ini.
Dan juga membuktikan radiasi nuklir tidaklah sebahaya yang dibayangkan, karena tergantung pada
jumlah radiasi eksotermik yang dihasilkan dari reaksi kimia unsur transuranic tersebut (dalam satuan
Sievert).
Simpulan
Ilmu filsafat telah membuktikan kehebatannya dalam meruntuhkan konsep konsep keTuhanan pada
berbagai bidang terutama sains atom ini.

70
Oleh karena itu, kalangan filsafat akan dibuat gila sehingga mengganggap manusia dapat bertindak
sebagai Tuhan dengan teknologinya dan bahkan dapat menciptakan Alam Semesta lain dengan dasar
teori atom berbentuk planet ini.
Tentu ini klaim yang sangat jauh dari kebenaran fakta ilmiah dan Eksperimen yang ada.
Justru teknologi hanya terbatas kemampuannya bahkan sudah tak dapat dikembangkan lagi secara
signifikan karena ukuran biji kristal air terbatas sampai ukuran nano meter.
Karena itu sekarang industri teknologi berupaya mengakali dengan konsep "reduce instruction" misal
pada teknologi komputasi dibuatlah teknik efisiensi prosesor dengan konsep pemrograman ARM.

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