Mumps is an acute viral infection of childhood that typically involves swelling of one or both parotid glands, although many different organs can be infected.
it is an acute highly contagious /infectious diseases caused by a varicella zoster virus. chicken pox is usually a mild self limiting illness and most healthy children recover with no complication.
Anyone who has had chickenpox in the past may develop shingles, you can only get shingles if you have previously had chicken pox as it is a recurrence or reactivation of the varicella zoster virus.it is not possible to develop shingles from exposure to a person with chickenpox it is possible however to develop chickenpox as a result of exposure to a person with shingles second attacks of chickenpox are rare but do occur.
Chikungunya (chik-un-GUN-yuh) is a viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes that causes the sudden onset of fever and severe joint pain. Other signs and symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, headache and rash. Signs and symptoms of chikungunya usually appear within two to seven days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
Measles is an acute viral infection characterized by a final stage with a maculopapular rash erupting successively over the neck and face, trunk, arms, and legs, and accompanied by a high fever.
Mumps is an acute viral infection of childhood that typically involves swelling of one or both parotid glands, although many different organs can be infected.
it is an acute highly contagious /infectious diseases caused by a varicella zoster virus. chicken pox is usually a mild self limiting illness and most healthy children recover with no complication.
Anyone who has had chickenpox in the past may develop shingles, you can only get shingles if you have previously had chicken pox as it is a recurrence or reactivation of the varicella zoster virus.it is not possible to develop shingles from exposure to a person with chickenpox it is possible however to develop chickenpox as a result of exposure to a person with shingles second attacks of chickenpox are rare but do occur.
Chikungunya (chik-un-GUN-yuh) is a viral illness transmitted by mosquitoes that causes the sudden onset of fever and severe joint pain. Other signs and symptoms may include fatigue, muscle pain, headache and rash. Signs and symptoms of chikungunya usually appear within two to seven days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.
Measles is an acute viral infection characterized by a final stage with a maculopapular rash erupting successively over the neck and face, trunk, arms, and legs, and accompanied by a high fever.
This presentation was made for class 11 & 12 students & was explained in detail during the seminar (SCIEN-CON’ 19).
This approach was taken by the medical students of MIDNAPORE MEDICAL COLLEGE, WEST BENGAL, INDIA for creating awareness about the health & hygiene and self assessment, knowledge & basic management of the most prevalent disease “Dengue”.
This was guided by the our beloved principal sir Dr. Panchanan Kundu & professors of other depts.
The school students (300) were divided in 6 grps & each were subdivided into 5 subgroups before grand lecture & were shown & demonstrated 6 major departments under guidance of medical students.
Seminar was attended by respective schools’ teachers.
“Patient Education is an individualized, systematic, structured process to assess and impart knowledge or develop a skill in order to effect a change in behavior. The goal is to increase comprehension and participation in the self-management of health care needs.”
“A restraint is any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material or equipment that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move his/her arms, legs, body or head freely” (e.g. -Safe keeper bed, Posey bed, safety mitt, soft limb restraint), or a restraint is a drug or medication when it is used as a restriction to manage the patient's behavior or restrict the patient's freedom of movement and is not standard treatment or dosage for the patient's condition A restraint does not include devices, such as orthopedically prescribed devices, surgical dressings or bandages, protective helmets, or other methods that involve the physical holding of a patient for the purpose of conducting routine physical examinations or tests, or to protect the patient from falling out of bed, or to permit the patient to participate in activities without the risk of physical harm., side rails, airways, trapeze etc.
Unit 10 Promoting Safety in Health Care Enevronment (FON).pdfKULDEEP VYAS
Healthcare environments need to provide a balance between the need for practical and clinical activities or procedures to take place within them, while creating an environment that can contribute to a good experience.
International Nurses Day
IND is celebrated around the world every May 12, the anniversary of Florence Nightingale's birth. ICN commemorates this important day each year with the production and distribution of the International Nurses' Day (IND) resources and evidence.
Fluorosis is a cosmetic condition that affects the teeth. It's caused by overexposure to fluoride during the first eight years of life. This is the time when most permanent teeth are being formed. After the teeth come in, the teeth of those affected by fluorosis may appear mildly discolored.
Evaluation is a process used to determine what has happened during a given activity or in an institution.Evaluation requires many skills that are as important as other elements of the instructional process.
Human resource management in hospital and community servicesKULDEEP VYAS
HRM is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment ,managing and providing direction for the people working in that organization.
*It is the organizational function dealing with issues related to people such as hiring, compensation, performance management ,safety, organization development, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration and training.
Moulding or training of the mind and character to bring about desired behaviour is known as discipline.it helps a person to have some control over another person.
Patient ASSIGNMENT does not only mean that dividing the patient among available staff nurses but it is assigning an individual patient or group of patients to nurses according to the required nursing care needs and nurses capability to provide the quality care
Directing leading in hospital and community servicesKULDEEP VYAS
Directing is the fourth phase of the management process, it can also be called as coordinating or activating
*Here the leadership and the management skills are both required in order to accomplish the goal of the organization.
*It consists of 2 major components like guidance and supervision which is to be done during job process which help the nurses to utilize their total skills and knowledge in providing the quality care.
Commonly used Insecticides and Pesticides KULDEEP VYAS
Pesticides include insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. There are several thousand different types in use and almost all of them are possible causes of water pollution. For example, DDT, malathion, parathion, delthametrine and others have been sprayed in the environment for long periods of time for the control of disease vectors such as mosquitoes, and to control the growth of weeds and other pests.
Material management in hospital and community servicesKULDEEP VYAS
Material management is a methodical technique that includes planning strategies, systemizing and regulating the flow of material from procurement till the point of disembarkation.
It is the process of coordination and controlling the activities in an organization. It includes the responsibility of purchasing the materials, their scheduling from supply or from other internal sources, their handling, storage and movement through the organization, and their delivery.
-It is a statement of anticipated results during a designated
time period expressed financial and nonfinancial terms.
-Three essential steps in the control process are establishing standards, comparing results with standards and taking corrective action.
-Budgeting process starts when top-level management establishes the strategies and goals for the organization.
The client classification system or patient classification system is the cluster of clients that has been categorized on the specific characteristics, needs ,requirements and their severity of the disease conditions based on which patient assignment is made to provide nursing care.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
Telegram: bmksupplier
signal: +85264872720
threema: TUD4A6YC
You can contact me on Telegram or Threema
Communicate promptly and reply
Free of customs clearance, Double Clearance 100% pass delivery to USA, Canada, Spain, Germany, Netherland, Poland, Italy, Sweden, UK, Czech Republic, Australia, Mexico, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan.Door to door service
Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
2. INTRODUCTION
Dengue Fever also known as Break
bone fever, is an infectious tropical
disease caused by the dengue virus.
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
2
3. EPIDEMIOLOGY
The mortality is 1-5 % without treatment
Less then 1% with adequate treatment
However severe disease carries a mortality of 26 %
Dengue is Endemic in more then 110 countries.
It infects 50 to 100 million people worldwide a year,
leading to half a million hospitalization, and
approximately 12500-25000 deaths.
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
3
4. Cont…
Dengue has become a global problem since the
second World War and is endemic in more than 110
countries.
Apart from elimination the mosquitoes, work is on
going on a vaccine, as well as medication targeted
directly at the virus.
Therefore, travellers returning from endemic areas
are unlikely to have dengue if fever or other
symptoms start more than 14 days after arriving
home.
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
4
5. Cont…
Dengue Fever Virus (DENV) is an RNA Virus of the
family Flaviviridae, Genus Flavivirus.
Most are transmitted by arthropods (Mosquitoes or
Ticks), and are therefore also referred to as Arbo-
Viruses (Arthropod-Borne Viruses).
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
5
6. Cont…
There are four Types of the Virus, which are called
serotype, and these are referred to as DENV-1,
DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4.
All four serotype can cause the full spectrum of
disease.
Infection with one serotype is believed to produce
lifelong immunity to that serotype but only short
term protection against the other.
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
6
7. TRANSMISSION
Dengue is transmitted by several species of
mosquito within the genus Aedes,
principally A. Aegypti.
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
7
8. Cont…
Dengue Virus is primarily transmitted by Aedes
Mosquitoes, particularly A. Aegypti.
These mosquitoes usually live between the latitudes
of 35’ North and 35. South below an elevation of
1000 meters (3300Ft.) they bite primarily during the
day.
Other Aedes species that transmit the disease
include A. Albopictus, A. Polynesiensis and A.
Scutellaris.
Humans are the primary host of the virus, but it also
circulates in nonhuman primates.
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
8
9. Cont…
An infection can be acquired via a single bite.
A female mosquito that takes a blood meal from a person
infected with dengue fever because itself infected with the
virus in the cells lining its gut.
About 8-10 days later. The virus spreads to other tissues
including the mosquito’s salivary gland and is subsequently
released into its saliva.
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
9
10. MECHANISM
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
10
When a mosquito carrying dengue virus bites a
person
The Virus enters the skin together with the
mosquito’s saliva.
It binds to and enters white blood cells, and
reproduces inside the cell while they move
throughout the body.
11. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
11
In server infection, the virus production inside the
body is greatly increased, and many more organs
(Such as the liver and the bone marrow) can be
affected.
And fluid from the bloodstream leaks through the
wall of small blood vessels into body cavities.
12. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
12
As a result, less blood circulates in the blood
vessels and the blood pressure become so low that
it cannot supply sufficient blood to vital organs.
Furthermore, dysfunction of the bone marrow
leads to reduced numbers of platelets, which are
necessary for effective blood clothing, this
increases the risk of bleeding, the other major
complication of dengue fever.
13. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
13
Asymptomatic or mild symptoms such as an
uncomplicated fever (80%)
More severe illness (5%)
In a small proportion it is life-threatening.
The incubation period ranges from 3-14 days, but
most often it is 4-7 days.
14. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
14
The characteristics symptoms of
dengue are :
Sudden onset fever,
Headache (typically located
behind the eyes),
Muscle and joint pain and a rash
The alternative name for
dengue, “Break-Bone Fever”,
comes from the associated
muscles and joint pains.
15. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
15
Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and
joint pains.
And a characteristics skin ash that is similar to
measles.
In a small proportion of cases the disease develops
into the life-threatening Dengue Haemorrhagic
Fever,
Resulting in bleeding, low levels of blood platelets
and blood plasma leaking, or into Dengue Shock
Syndrome, where dangerously low blood pressure
occurs.
17. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
17
The course of infection is divided into three
phases.
1. Febrile Phase
2. Critical Phase
3. Recovery Phase
18. FEBRILE PHASE
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
18
High fever, often over 40*C (104*F), biphasic in
nature breaking and then returning for one or two
days.
Generalized Pain
Headache, usually lasts two to seven days.
19. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
19
Rash occurs in the first or second day of symptoms
as flushed skin.
Or later in the course of illness (Days 4-7), as a
measles like rash.
20. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
20
Some petechiae (small red spots that do not
disappear when the skin is pressed, which are
caused by broken capillaries) can appear at this
point, as may some mild bleeding from the Mucous
Membranes of the mouth and nose.
21. CRITICAL PHASE
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
21
A critical phase, which follows the resolution
of the high and typically lasts one to two day.
22. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
22
During this phase there may be significant fluid
accumulation in the chest and abdominal cavity
due to increased capillary permeability and
leakage.
This leads to depletion of fluid from the circulation
and decreased blood supply to vital organs.
23. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
23
Organ dysfunction and server bleeding, typically
from the gastrointestinal tract.
Shock (Dengue Shock Syndrome) and
haemorrhage (Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever) occur
in less than 5% of all cases of Dengue.
However those who have previously been infected
with other serotypes of dengue virus (Secondary
Infection) are at an increased risk.
24. RECOVERY PHASE
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
24
Resorption of the leaking fluid into the
bloodstream
This usually lasts two to three days.
Severe itching and slow heart rate.
During this stage, a Fluid overload state may occur
if it affects the brain, it may cause a reduced level
of Consciousness or Seizures.
26. ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
26
Dengue can occasionally affect several other body
systems.
A decreased level of consciousness
Infection of the brain by the virus or indirectly as a
result of impairment of vital organs, for example:
The Liver.
Other neurological disorders such as transverse
myelitis and Guillain-Barre’ Syndrome.
Infection of the heart and acute liver failure are
among the rarer complications.
27. CLASSIFICATON
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
27
The World Health Organization’s 2009 classification
divides dengue fever into two groups:
1. Uncomplicated
2. Severe
28. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
28
Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever was subdivided
further into grades I-IV.
Grade I is the presence only of easy bruising or a
positive tourniquet test in someone with fever.
Grade II is the presence of spontaneous bleeding
into the skin and elsewhere.
29. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
29
Grade III is the clinical evidence of shock.
And Grade IV is Shock so severe that blood
pressure and pulse cannot be detected.
Grades III and IV are referred to as “Dengue Shock
Syndrome”
30. DIAGNOSIS
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
30
The Diagnosis of dengue is typically made
clinically, on the basis of :
Reported symptoms and Physical Examination.
This applies especially in endemic areas. However,
early disease can be difficult to differentiate from
other viral infections.
31. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
31
The earliest change detectable on laboratory investigations.
Low white blood cell count.
Followed by low platelets and metabolic acidosis.
In severe disease, plasma leaking results in
hemoconventration (as indicated by a rising hematocrit)
Hypoalbuminemia.
Pleural effusions or ascites can be detected by physical
examination when large
But the demonstration of fluid on ultrasound may assist in
the early identification of dengue shock syndrome.
32. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
32
A probable diagnosis is based on the finding ofo
fever plus two of the following::
1. Nausea and Vomiting.
2. Rash.
3. Pains, Low White Blood Cell count.
4. Positive Tourniquet Test.
5. Any warning sign in someone who lives in an
endemic area.
33. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
33
Warning sign typically occur before the onset of
severe dengue
The torniquet test, which is particularly useful in
settings where no laboratory investigations are
readily available.
Involves the application of a blood pressure cuff
for five minutes, followed by the counting of any
petechial haemorrhages; a high number makes a
diagnosis of dengue more likely.
34. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
34
These laboratory tests are only of diagnostic value
during the acute phase of the illness with the
exception of serology.
Tests for dengue virus-speific antibodies, types IgG
and IgM, can useful in confirming a diagnosis in
the later stage of the infection.
The detection of IgG along is not considered
diagnostic unless blood sample are collected 14
days apart and a greater then fourfold increase in
level of specific IgG is detected.
35. DIFFRENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
35
It can be difficult to distinguish dengue fever and
chikungunya.
A similar viral infection that shares many
symptoms and occurs in similar part of the world
to dengue.
Often, investigation are performed to exclude other
conditions that cause similar symptoms, such as
Malaria, Leptospirosis, Typhoid Fever and
Meningococcal Disease.
37. PREVENTION
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
37
There are no approved vaccines for the
dengue virus.
Prevention thus depends on control of and
protection from the bites of the mosquito
that transmits it.
38. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
38
The World Health Organization recommends an
Integrated Vector Control Program consisting of 5
Elements.
1. Advocacy, social mobilization and legislation to
ensure that public health bodies and
communities are strengthened.
2. Collaboration between the health and other
sector (Public & Private)
39. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
39
3. An integrated approach to disease control
to maximize use of resources.
4. Evidence- based decision making to ensure
any intervention are targeted appropriately
and
5. Capacity- building to ensure an adequate
response to the local situation.
40. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
40
The primary method of controlling A.
Aegypti is by eliminating its habitats.
This is done by emptying containers of water
By adding Insecticides or Biological control
agents to these areas.
41. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
41
Reducing open collections of water through
environmental modification
People can prevent mosquito bites by wearing
clothing that covers the skin
Using mosquito netting while resting and the
application of insect repellent.
42. NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
42
Monitor Intravenous hydration is usually
only needed for one or two days.
The rate of fluid administration is titrated to
a urinary output of 0.5-1 Ml/Kg/Hr. stable
vital signs and normalization of haematocrit.
43. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
43
Invasive medical procedures such as:
1. Nasogastric Intubation.
2. Intramuscular Injection and
3. Arterial Punctures
Are avoided or minimized in view of the bleeding
risk.
44. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
44
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) is used for fever
and discomfort while NSAIDs are Avoided as they
might aggravate the risk of bleeding.
Blood transfusion is initiated early in patients
presenting with unstable vital signs.
Packed red blood cells or whole blood are
recommended, while platelets and fresh frozen
plasma are usually not.
45. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
45
The prevention of dengue requires control or
eradication of the mosquitoes carrying the
virus that causes dengue.
Educate the people to wear long-sleeved
shirt, long pants, socks and shoes when
outdoors.
46. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
46
“Aedes” mosquitoes usually bite during the
day. Therefore, special precautions should
be taken during early morning hours before
day break and in the late afternoon before
dark.
47. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
47
Eliminate stagnant water that serve as mosquito
breeding sites at home, workplaces and their vicinity.
Using mosquito nets at home and patients need to be
kept under mosquito netting until the second bout of
fever is over and they are n longer contagious.
Cover overhead tank to prevent access to
mosquitoes.
Eliminate breeding ground by removing unused
plastic pools, old tires or buckets and cleaning
clogged gutters.
48. Cont…
Kuldeep Vyas M.Sc. CHN
48
Conducts during awareness programs in your
apartment complex and neighbourhood.
Advise people showing symptoms of dengue to
immediately go for a check-up and get treatment.
The most effective way to prevent mosquito bite
and to reduce the number of mosquitoes around
homes or neighbourhoods is to find and eliminate
their breeding sites.